The document analyzes biodiesel as an alternative fuel by comparing properties of vegetable oils to diesel fuel. It finds that (1) vegetable oils have much higher viscosity than diesel fuel, (2) their heating values are around 90% of diesel fuel and cetane numbers are similar, and (3) modifying vegetable oils through transesterification and blending can produce biodiesel with properties close to conventional diesel fuel. The document concludes biodiesel is a viable alternative that could help address issues of pollution and energy shortage.

1. 1
Biodiesel
As an
Alternative
fuel

2. • Modernisation and increase in the number of automotives
worldwide, the consumption of diesel has enormously increased.
• There are steps taken to replace diesel fuel due to crisis of fossil
fuel.
• conventional diesel fuel derived from fossil fuels.
• biodiesel fuel made from vegetable oils.
• this presentation will cover three main areas:
• Viscosity
• Heating value and cetane number
• biodiesel Modification
Introduction

3. Quantitative data from different related articles
were analyzed to investigate the possibility of
use biodiesel in I.C engines.
Methodology

4. Finding 1
• The viscosity of
vegetable oils
differs in the
range of 30-40 cSt
at 38 °C.
• The huge
molecular mass is
the reason of the
high viscosity in
these oils in the
range of 600-900
kg/m3,
Vegetable oil Kinematic
viscosity at
38°C (cSt)
Cetane
No.
Heating
value
(MJ/kg)
Cloud
point (°C)
Pour
point (°C)
Flash
point (°C)
Density
(kg/l)
Diesel 3.06 50 43.8 – –16 76 0.855
Corn 34.9 37.6 39.5 - 1.1 - 40.0 277 0.9095
Cottonseed 33.5 41.8 39.5 1.7 -15.0 234 0.9148
Crambe 53.6 44.6 40.5 10.0 - 12.2 274 0.9048
Linseed 27.2 34.6 39.3 1.7 -15.0 241 0.9236
Peanut 39.6 41.8 39.8 12.8 -6.7 271 0.9026
Rapeseed 37.0 37.6 39.7 -3.9 -31.7 246 0.9115
Safflower 31.3 41.3 39.5 18.3 -6.7 260 0.9144
Sesame 35.5 40.2 39.3 -3.9 -9.4 260 0.9133
Soya bean 32.6 37.9 39.6 -3.9 -12.2 254 0.9138
Sunflower 33.9 37.1 39.6 7.2 -15.0 274 0.9161
Palm 39.6 42.0 – 31.0 – 267 0.9180

5. Finding 2
• The heating value
of different
vegetable oils are
nearly 90 % of
diesel fuel in the
range of 39-40
MJ/KG compared
to 45 MJ/KG for
diesel fuel.
• Cetane numbers
are in the range of
35-50, it is similar
to that of diesel
fuel.
Vegetable oil Kinematic
viscosity at
38°C (cSt)
Cetane
No.
Heating
value
(MJ/kg)
Cloud
point (°C)
Pour
point (°C)
Flash
point (°C)
Density
(kg/l)
Diesel 3.06 50 43.8 – –16 76 0.855
Corn 34.9 37.6 39.5 - 1.1 - 40.0 277 0.9095
Cottonseed 33.5 41.8 39.5 1.7 -15.0 234 0.9148
Crambe 53.6 44.6 40.5 10.0 - 12.2 274 0.9048
Linseed 27.2 34.6 39.3 1.7 -15.0 241 0.9236
Peanut 39.6 41.8 39.8 12.8 -6.7 271 0.9026
Rapeseed 37.0 37.6 39.7 -3.9 -31.7 246 0.9115
Safflower 31.3 41.3 39.5 18.3 -6.7 260 0.9144
Sesame 35.5 40.2 39.3 -3.9 -9.4 260 0.9133
Soya bean 32.6 37.9 39.6 -3.9 -12.2 254 0.9138
Sunflower 33.9 37.1 39.6 7.2 -15.0 274 0.9161
Palm 39.6 42.0 – 31.0 – 267 0.9180

6. Finding 3
Vegetable oils
modifications
vegetable oils can
be modified to
become similar to
diesel fuel by
transesterification
and blending
methods .
Sl. no. Fuel Relative
density
Kinema
tic
viscosit
y (cSt)
Calorific
value
(MJ/kg)
Flash
point
(°C)
1 Karanja oil 0.912 27.84 34.00 205
2 B100 0.876 9.60 36.12 187
3 B20 0.848 3.39 38.28 79
4 B40 0.856 4.63 37.85 81
5 B60 0.864 5.42 37.25 84
6 B80 0.869 6.56 36.47 92
7 Diesel 0.846 2.60 42.21 52

7. Viscosity: Reduction of viscosity of vegetable oils is
the best way to avoid these problems and improve
the performance of the fuel engine
The heating value and Cetane number: heating
values are almost similar to diesel also vegetable
oils have a reasonable high cetane number which
makes the engine works rapidly.
Discussion

8. Advantages of vegetable oils after modifications:
• contains low aromatics.
• It has a reasonable cetane number and hence
possesses less knocking tendency.
• Low sulphur content and hence environment friendly.
• Enhanced lubricity, thereby no major modification is
required in the engine.
Discussion

9. Problems of environment pollution and energy
shortage can be avoided by shift of our energy
economy from fossil fuels to biodiesel fuel.
Conclusion

10. • Balakrishna. (2012). vegetable oil as a fuel in C.I engines: problems and
possible solution. International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology
4(11), pp.1-2.
• Jaichandar, S. Annamalai, K. (2011). The Status of Biodiesel as an Alternative
Fuel for Diesel Engine. Journal of Sustainable Energy & Environment 2 (2011),
pp. 71-75.
• Kasundra, Paresh. Gohil, Ashish. (2011). Performance Test of CI Engine with
DifferentVegetable Oil as a Fuel. International Journal of Engineering Trends and
Technology 21(3), p.31.
thank you
References