Value drawing uses ranges of tones from light to dark to create a three-dimensional illusion without outlines. Key aspects of value drawing include using a range of tones from white to black to define shapes, eliminating outlines in favor of using value differences to describe objects, and thinking in terms of shading areas rather than lines. Successful value drawings use light and dark tones throughout the entire composition.

2. The aim of
realist value
drawing is to
show the light
and shadow
and surface
tones, creating
a three-
dimensional
illusion.

3. Value is a range from highlight (the brightest highlight
being white) to shadow (the darkest being black) and
all of the tones in between. The 3 tones to know are
white (highlight) middle grey, and black (shadow).

4. We can use value to make a 2D drawing look 3D. For
example, we can make this circle look like a sphere by
using a range of value to give the illusion of form.

5. Outlines only define visible edges and don't tell us
anything about light and dark. Linear drawing and
value drawing are two different systems of
representation.

6. One of these drawings has been made using
both outline and value, the other only uses value
to describe a cube. By eliminating outlines and
using value to describe the differences in the
surface of an object a drawing becomes more
realistic.

7. A good way to begin
using value in a
drawing is to assign
each shape in the
drawing a different
value. Notice the
different shapes of
value in this ink
wash drawing.

8. This ink wash drawing also uses value to define
shapes. It has, however, limited itself to only two
values: black and white. This is a two-tone drawing.
Two tone drawings are not limited to black and white,
they can be made by pairing any two values from
black, through intermediate grays, to white.

9. Notice that the
pumpkin is defined
only by light and dark,
not by outline. By
filling in the
background with
value, the light edge
of the pumpkin is
visible. Most
successful value
drawings use light
and dark throughout
the entire
composition.

10. Value drawing is like painting in graphite or charcoal. Although the
process is different than using a brush, you need to think in terms
of areas as opposed to lines. Shade the darks, observing the
shape and value while being careful to shade up to the edge of
adjoining light areas. The astounding realism that we see in some
images is this approach taken to a very high degree of detail,
where the tonal values are closely observed and finely drawn.

11. When creating a value drawing, you need to shift out of line-drawing
mode. The best way to do this is to forbid yourself to draw a line,
and focus on areas of value. You might use the lightest of lines to
get down the basic shapes. From there, build up the shading.
Often the 'outline' will be at the join between two different values,
and is created by the contrast between the light and dark area.

12. Contrast! Remember the lines
between values? Well, those
hard lines form contrast. Of
course, contrast comes in
shades of grey, too.
High contrast is when subjects
are illuminated by a bright light
source and cast dark shadows –
which can look dramatic. Light
and dark values will be next to
each other. In the value chart,
you would be skipping a value or
two (or more!).

13. Low contrast, on the other hand, often uses
values that are next to each other on the
value chart. (In fact, something that has only
one value would be “no contrast”). With low
contrast, values close together will define
the bulk of the subject. You could
selectively highlight or accentuate portions
with lights or darks.

14. A Value Scale is a valuable tool to help you
find value in your subject matter.
Our first class exercise is to create a NINE
STEP Value Scale to accompany your
drawing.