Validation of water systems used to produce demineralized, distilled, and water for injection is important in the pharmaceutical industry to ensure water quality. The document discusses the objectives, types, design, operation, and monitoring of water systems. Key aspects of validation include design qualification, installation qualification, operational qualification, and performance qualification to demonstrate systems consistently produce water meeting quality specifications under all operating conditions. Ongoing maintenance and revalidation if changes are made helps maintain system performance over time.

1. Validation of Water
(Demineralised, Distilled
and Water for Injection)
PRESENTED BY
Anil Kumar
M . Pharm (DRA)
BBAU LUCKNOW 226025
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2. CONTENTS
 Objectives
 Introduction
 Validation & System Qualification
 Monitoring
 Maintenance
 Revalidation & Change control
 Validation report
 Validation documentation
 Summary
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3. Objective
 General information on water systems
 Design and engineering aspects of water systems
 Inspection of water systems
 The need for water quality manual
 reason for usage of pharmaceutical water supply systems.
 The technical requirements for water supply systems.
 Different types of water supply systems.
 Validation requirements.
 Qualification & inspection requirement
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4. Introduction
 Water may be referred to as ‘the elixir of life’ – In the
pharmaceutical industry for which the quality of water is critical and
a high priority.
 Water is an essential ingredient of various pharmaceutical
preparations and is also used to clean process equipment and hence,
plays a pivotal role in pharmaceutical processing's.
 Water is the most widely used raw material in the manufacture of
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API),in intermediates, in
finished dosage forms.
Water is thus an important raw material in GMP and in
validating the manufacturing process.
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5. Continued…….
Why purification?
 Although tap water is reasonably pure, it is always variable due to
seasonal variations, regional variation in quality.
 One must remove impurities and control microbes to avoid
contamination of products.
 Pretreatment depends on quality of feed water.
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6. Continued…….
Quality of water should be specific for product quality.
Water contains,
 Organic and inorganic impurities
 Microbial contamination
 Endotoxin
 Particulate contamination
Low quality of water can lead to
 product degradation
 product contamination
 loss of product and profit
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7. TYPES OF WATER
Different grades of Water for Pharmaceutical Purposes-each type has
its on characteristic for all parameters.
 Potable water
 Purified water
 Water for injection(WFI)
 Sterile water for injection, inhalation, irrigation.
 Bacteriostatic water for injections.
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8. Potable water
 Used in early stages of chemical synthesis.
 Used early stages of equipment cleaning.
 Sources: Public water supply, wells or combination of >1 of these
 Must meet requirement of USEPA(40 CFR 141)
 Seasonal variations of quality may occur and must be considered for
treatment before usages.
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9. Purified water ( Demineralised, Distilled )
 Used as excipients in manufacturing of Pharmaceuticals.
 Used for equipment cleaning
 Preparation of bulk chemicals.
 Prepared using potable water as feed.
 Types of Purification: Deionisation, Distillation, Ion exchange,
Reverse osmosis, filtration.
 Must meet ionic, organic chemical and microbial requirements.
System that produce, store and circulate water under ambient
conditions are susceptible to bio films. This can be provided by
frequent sanitization and monitoring.
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10. Water for injections
 Used as excipient in manufacturing of potentials.
 Used for equipment cleaning esp. product contact surfaces of sterile
products.
 Preparation of sterile bulk chemicals.
 Prepared using purified water as feed.
 Method of preparation is multicolumn distillation.
 Must meet ionic, organic chemical, microbial and endotoxins
requirements.
Factors like microbial contamination and endotoxins should be
controlled by circulation, frequent sanitization and monitoring.
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11. DIFFERENT EQUIPMENTS AND COMPONENTS FOR
WATER SYSTEM
 Piping
 Valves
 Pumps
 Pressure gauges
 Heat exchangers
 Distillation unit
 Filters
 Deionizers
 Sensors
 Auxiliary equipment
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12. VALIDATION CONCEPT
 To prove the performance of processes or systems under all
conditions expected to be encountered during future operations.
 To prove the performance, one must demonstrate (document) that
the processes or systems consistently produce the specified quantity
and quality of water when operated and maintained according to
specific written operating and maintenance procedures.
 validation involves proving-
1. Engineering design
2. Operating procedures and acceptable ranges for control
parameters
3. Maintenance procedures to accomplish it
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13. Continued…….
 the system must be carefully,
-designed
-installed
-tested during processing, after construction, and under all operating
conditions.
 Variations in daily, weekly and annual system usage patterns must
be validated.
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14. WHY VALIDATION OF WATER SYSTEM?
 To ensure reliable, consistent production of water of required quality
 To operate system within design capacity
 To prevent unacceptable microbial, chemical and physical
contamination during production, storage and distribution
 To monitor system performance, storage and distribution systems
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15. Water System Qualification
Validation Master Plan
User Requirement Specification
Design Qualification
Operation Qualification
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16. Operation Qualification
Performance Qualification
Re- Qualification
Sign-off Report
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17. DESIGN QUALIFICATION (DQ)
DQ is documented the design of the system & will include :
 Functional Specification.(Storage, purification, etc)
 Technical/Performance specification for equipment.(requirements of
water volume and flow, define pumps and pipe sizes )
 Detailed layout of the system.
 Quality attribute of input water
 Required plant output capacity
 Selection of membrane
 Designing of holding tanks pumps, heat exchangers and piping.
Design must be in compliance with GMPs and other regulatory
requirements.
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18. Operational Qualification
The purpose of OQ is to establish, through documented testing, that all
critical components are capable of operating within established
limits and tolerances.
Operation Qualification Checks-
 Identification of dead legs
 Slope verification
 Weld inspection
 Pressure test
 Passivation
The purpose of OQ is also to verify and document that the water
supply system provides acceptable operational control under “at-rest”
conditions.
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19. Installation Qualification
IQ is in the form of checklist and it should include-
 Water velocity test
 Turbulence flow test (Reynolds number)
 Quality attribute of output water
 Prepare operational SOP
 Prepare cleaning and sanitation SOP
 Design action and alert limit
 Collection and collation of supplier operating and working
instructions and maintenance requirements
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20. Performance Qualification
The purpose of PQ is to verify and document that water supply system
provides acceptable control under ‘ Full Operational ‘ conditions.
Qualification phases
 Phase I (investigational step): sampling and testing (4-6 weeks)
 Phase II (verification step): sampling and testing (2-4 weeks)
 Phase III (satisfactory completion step): sampling and testing
(Yearly activity, seasonal monitoring)
 Establish action and alert limit
PQ should follow successful completion of IQ and OQ.
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21. MONITORING
 Monitoring and feed back data are important in maintaining the
performance systems. Monitoring parameters include:
 Flow, pressure, temperature, conductivity, TOC
 Samples taken:
 From points of use, and specific sample points
 In a similar way how water is used in service
 Tests should include physical, chemical and microbial attributes
For example, stable state can be achieved by applying automatic
continuous monitoring of TOC and conductivity of the water system.
They are the major quality attributes of water by which organic and
inorganic impurities can be determined.
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22. MAINTENANCE
Specified limits for purified water and water for injection
cfu* = colony forming units; ppb** = parts per billions;
EU*** = endotoxin units
Parameter Purified water Water for injection
Conductivity < 1.3 μs/cm at 25 °C < 1.3 μs/cm at 25 °C
pH 5.0-7.0 5.0-7.0
Bacteria < 100 cfu*/ml < 10 cfu/100ml
Total organic carbon < 500 ppb** < 500 ppb
Endotoxins N/A < 0.25 EU***/ml
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23. CONTINUED…
A controlled, documented maintenance covering :
 Defined frequency with plan and instructions
 Calibration programme
 SOPs for tasks
 Control of approved spares
 Record and review of problems and faults during maintenance
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24. CONTINUED…
System sanitization and bioburden control
 Systems in place to control proliferation of microbes
 Techniques for sanitizing or sterilization
 Consideration already during design stage – then validated
 Special precautions if water not kept in the range of 70 to 80
degrees Celsius
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25. REVALIDATION & CHANGE CONTROL
 Once the validation is completed, the standard operating procedures
(SOPs) are formalized.
 Routine operation should be performed according to the established
SOP.
 If any deviation from SOP observed, determine the change and their
impact on whole system
 Revalidation and evaluation should be performed depending upon
the impact of the change on system.
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26. VALIDATION REPORT
 Written at the conclusion of the equipment IQ, OQ and at
completion of process validation.
 Will serve as primary documentation for FDA regulatory inspection
 Will serve as reference document when changes to the system are
occurred and revalidation is needed.
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27. VALIDATION DOCUMENTATION
 Verification of design documentation, including
o Description of installation and functions
o Specification of the requirements
 Instructions for performance control
 Operating procedures
 Maintenance instructions
 Maintenance records
 Training of personnel (program and records)
 Environmental records
 Inspection of plant
Finally certification (Sign Off) by Engineering, User (Production) and
QA Heads.
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28. SUMMARY
Validation of water (demineralized, distilled and water for injection):
 Play a major role in the quality of pharmaceuticals.
 Must be designed properly by professionals.
 Must be validated as a critical system.
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29. SUGGESTED READING
 Munson, T.E. “FDA View on Water System Validation.”
Proceedings of the Pharm. Tech. Conference 10-12 September 1985.
 “FDA : Water for Pharmaceutical Purposes.” Inspection Technical
Guide 1986 No. 46. Rockville, Md., USA. Food and Drug
Administration, Public Health Services, Department of Health and
Human Services.
 Rakesh Pahwa1*, Mona Piplani1, “Validation Aspects of Water
Treatment Systems for Pharmaceutical Products”, Tropical Journal
of Pharmaceutical Research, February 2010; 9 (1): 81-90
 Vineet sharma, ”Design, Qualification, and Validation of Water
Systems”, Originally published in the November, 2004 issue of the
Journal of Validation Technology.
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30. Thanks…….
for hearing my presentation…..
any question friends…….
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