The document discusses various verb tenses and how they are used to indicate the time and aspect of actions. It categorizes the 12 verb tenses into past, present and future tenses based on time, and simple, progressive and perfect tenses based on aspect. For each tense, it provides examples of sentences using verbs in that tense and an explanation of when that tense would be used.
The document discusses the differences between the past simple and present perfect tenses. The past simple is used for finished actions or situations in the past, while the present perfect connects a past action or situation to the present. It provides examples of regular and irregular verbs in both tenses. It also explains that the past simple uses time words like "yesterday" while the present perfect uses words like "for" and "since" to indicate a duration of time or a point from which something started that continues in the present.
1. Case refers to the grammatical relationship between words in a sentence, such as subject, object, possessor.
2. Languages like Pitta-Pitta use case suffixes added to nouns to indicate this relationship. For example, -lu marks the subject of a transitive verb (ergative case) and -nha marks the direct object (accusative case).
3. Latin also uses case suffixes added to nouns and adjectives. The six main cases in Latin are nominative, vocative, accusative, genitive, dative, and ablative.
1. Case refers to the grammatical relationship between words in a sentence, such as subject, object, possessor.
2. Languages like Pitta-Pitta use case suffixes added to nouns to indicate this relationship. For example, -lu marks the subject of a transitive verb (ergative case) and -nha marks the direct object (accusative case).
3. Latin also uses case suffixes added to nouns and adjectives. The six main cases in Latin are nominative, vocative, accusative, genitive, dative, and ablative.
1. Case refers to the grammatical relationship between words in a sentence. It shows how nouns and pronouns are related to verbs and other parts of a sentence.
2. Languages like Latin and Pitta-Pitta have complex case systems with suffixes that mark nominative, ergative, accusative, dative, and other cases. English has lost most of its case system but retains some forms like possessive 's.
3. A case grammar approach emphasizes the semantic relationships indicated by verbs and how nouns are related through agentive, benefactive, comitative, and dative cases.
This document provides instruction on using prepositions with the verb "estar" in Spanish. It explains that prepositions show location and must be used with a form of "estar". Common prepositions like "in", "near", and "between" are given as examples. An equation is provided that the form of "estar" plus a preposition equals a sentence. An example sentence is then broken down to demonstrate this. Special instruction is given that when "de" is followed by "el" they combine to form "del". Students are given practice forming sentences using prepositions and being corrected when mistakes are made.
Prepositional phrases | What are prepositional Phrases and its TypesAngreziPanti
Prepositional phrases consist of a preposition followed by a noun or pronoun known as the object of the preposition. There are two main types of prepositional phrases: adjective phrases which modify nouns, and adverb phrases which modify verbs. Examples are given such as "with Ben" and "to the beach". A prepositional phrase can also contain multiple phrases that together modify a noun or verb. Distinguishing prepositional phrases from infinitives is explained, with infinitives containing "to" followed by a verb rather than a noun.
This document discusses the proper use of semicolons in lists and sentences. Semicolons are used to separate list items that already contain commas. They can also be used to combine two closely related independent clauses, replacing a period. A common mistake is using a comma before a transitional phrase like "however"; a semicolon should be used instead. The document provides examples and guidelines for determining when a semicolon is appropriate.
The document discusses the differences between the past simple and present perfect tenses. The past simple is used for finished actions or situations in the past, while the present perfect connects a past action or situation to the present. It provides examples of regular and irregular verbs in both tenses. It also explains that the past simple uses time words like "yesterday" while the present perfect uses words like "for" and "since" to indicate a duration of time or a point from which something started that continues in the present.
1. Case refers to the grammatical relationship between words in a sentence, such as subject, object, possessor.
2. Languages like Pitta-Pitta use case suffixes added to nouns to indicate this relationship. For example, -lu marks the subject of a transitive verb (ergative case) and -nha marks the direct object (accusative case).
3. Latin also uses case suffixes added to nouns and adjectives. The six main cases in Latin are nominative, vocative, accusative, genitive, dative, and ablative.
1. Case refers to the grammatical relationship between words in a sentence, such as subject, object, possessor.
2. Languages like Pitta-Pitta use case suffixes added to nouns to indicate this relationship. For example, -lu marks the subject of a transitive verb (ergative case) and -nha marks the direct object (accusative case).
3. Latin also uses case suffixes added to nouns and adjectives. The six main cases in Latin are nominative, vocative, accusative, genitive, dative, and ablative.
1. Case refers to the grammatical relationship between words in a sentence. It shows how nouns and pronouns are related to verbs and other parts of a sentence.
2. Languages like Latin and Pitta-Pitta have complex case systems with suffixes that mark nominative, ergative, accusative, dative, and other cases. English has lost most of its case system but retains some forms like possessive 's.
3. A case grammar approach emphasizes the semantic relationships indicated by verbs and how nouns are related through agentive, benefactive, comitative, and dative cases.
This document provides instruction on using prepositions with the verb "estar" in Spanish. It explains that prepositions show location and must be used with a form of "estar". Common prepositions like "in", "near", and "between" are given as examples. An equation is provided that the form of "estar" plus a preposition equals a sentence. An example sentence is then broken down to demonstrate this. Special instruction is given that when "de" is followed by "el" they combine to form "del". Students are given practice forming sentences using prepositions and being corrected when mistakes are made.
Prepositional phrases | What are prepositional Phrases and its TypesAngreziPanti
Prepositional phrases consist of a preposition followed by a noun or pronoun known as the object of the preposition. There are two main types of prepositional phrases: adjective phrases which modify nouns, and adverb phrases which modify verbs. Examples are given such as "with Ben" and "to the beach". A prepositional phrase can also contain multiple phrases that together modify a noun or verb. Distinguishing prepositional phrases from infinitives is explained, with infinitives containing "to" followed by a verb rather than a noun.
This document discusses the proper use of semicolons in lists and sentences. Semicolons are used to separate list items that already contain commas. They can also be used to combine two closely related independent clauses, replacing a period. A common mistake is using a comma before a transitional phrase like "however"; a semicolon should be used instead. The document provides examples and guidelines for determining when a semicolon is appropriate.
The document discusses the subjunctive mood in English and its various forms:
- The past perfect subjunctive is used to express unreal past situations and has the same form as the past perfect tense. Examples include "I wish they had arrived on time" and "I would've bought the dress if there hadn't been such a queue."
- The past subjunctive refers to unreal or improbable present/future situations and has the same form as the past simple except for the verb "to be." Examples include "If I were you, I would apply now" and "I wish you were here."
- The present subjunctive is identical to the bare infinitive form and is
The document discusses different types of clauses and sentences in grammar. It defines clauses as grammatical units that include a subject and predicate, and sentences as groups of one or more clauses. The main types of clauses covered are independent clauses, dependent/subordinate clauses, adverbial clauses, nominal clauses, relative clauses, and coordinate clauses. The types of sentences discussed include simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex sentences.
The document discusses pronoun-antecedent agreement and provides a quiz on rewriting sentences using different verb aspects. The quiz asks the reader to rewrite 5 sentences using the past perfect, future perfect, and present perfect aspects of the verb asked. The answers provided rewrite the sentences using the correct verb aspects.
Combining sentences with semicolons and commaskathrynhedrick
Reasons to combine sentences include:
1. To avoid choppy writing and connect related ideas.
2. Important punctuation for combining sentences are the comma, semicolon, and conjunctions like "and".
3. Semicolons can join two independent clauses or items in a list that already contain commas.
The document discusses three types of clauses: adjective clauses, also known as relative clauses; adverb clauses, also known as subordinate clauses; and noun clauses. It provides examples of each type of clause from the text "My Long Distance Life" and explains the key characteristics of each. Adjective clauses modify nouns, adverb clauses modify verbs, and noun clauses can function as subjects, objects, or complements, performing the same grammatical roles as nouns. Words like that, which, who, whose, when, and where are used to introduce the different types of clauses.
This document provides definitions and examples of common English grammar terms in 3 sentences or less:
Nouns refer to people, places, things, or ideas. Verbs show action or a state of behavior. Adjectives describe nouns or pronouns, while adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs to describe manner, place, purpose, frequency, or time.
Demonstrative adjectives point to or identify a noun. In English there are four demonstrative adjectives: this, that, these, those. In Spanish there are twelve demonstrative adjectives that vary by gender and number. The Spanish demonstrative adjectives are este/a, esos/as, ese/a, and aquel/la and must agree with the noun they modify in gender and number.
Relative pronouns introduce relative clauses and agree with the antecedent noun in gender and number. Relative clauses provide additional information about a word in the main clause, called the antecedent, and are subordinate because the sentence is still grammatically correct without the clause. The case of the relative pronoun depends on its role in the relative clause, not the main clause.
The document discusses the four basic conditional sentence types in English - zero, first, second, and third conditionals - and provides examples of their structures and common uses. It also covers mixed conditionals, which combine aspects of different conditional types. The zero conditional uses the present tense and refers to general facts or personal truths. The first conditional uses the present and future tenses to talk about possibilities. The second conditional uses past tense to refer to improbable or hypothetical situations. The third conditional refers to unreal past situations using past perfect tense. Mixed conditionals combine past perfect with present or continuous forms to discuss past situations affecting the present.
5 demonstrative adjectives and pronounsLaura Riddle
There are several types of demonstrative adjectives and pronouns in Spanish that indicate proximity or distance between an object/person and the speaker. Those beginning with "e" refer to things that are near ("este" = this, "estos" = these) while those with "a" refer to things farther away ("aquel" = that over there, "aquellas" = those over there). The neuter forms "esto", "eso", and "aquello" do not have number or gender and refer to ideas rather than concrete objects.
The document discusses the past perfect tense, which is used to describe an action that was completed before another past action or time. It provides examples of using the past perfect in affirmative, negative, and question forms. Key aspects include using "had" plus the past participle of the main verb to form the past perfect tense and placing it in a sentence with a verb in the simple past tense. The past perfect tense is used to show that one past action was completed before another past action.
The document discusses semantic roles in language. It begins by defining key terms like sentence, proposition, predicate, and noun phrases. It then explains that a proposition consists of a predicate plus arguments, and discusses how propositions can be expressed through different sentences with varying grammar but conveying the same meaning. The document outlines different semantic roles like agent, patient, and themes and provides examples. It also discusses how the valency of predicates, or number of arguments they can take, can vary and provides a table of common semantic roles.
This document provides an overview of Spanish grammar topics including:
1. The preterite and imperfect tenses, their uses, conjugations and irregular verbs.
2. The uses of por and para which can change the meaning of a sentence.
3. Stressed possessive adjectives and pronouns, how they are formed and used.
4. Formal command forms (mandatos formales) including irregular verbs and how to use pronouns.
5. The subjunctive mood and when it is used including with verbs of will/influence, emotion, doubt/denial, and conjunctions.
Conditional sentences are composed of two clauses: a condition clause introduced by "if" and a consequence clause. There are three main types of conditional patterns: 1) first conditional for probable conditions using present tense, 2) second conditional for improbable conditions using past tense, and 3) third conditional for imaginary conditions using past perfect.
A verb indicates the time of an action, event or condition by changing its form according to its tense - present, past or future tenses.
By Arundathie Abeysinghe
Lecturer in English
International Aviation Academy (IAA)
SriLankan Airlines
This document discusses relative clauses and relative pronouns. It defines a relative clause as adding information about someone or something referred to in a main clause. Relative clauses connect to the main clause using relative pronouns like who, whom, whose, which, whomever, and that. The document also discusses defining relative clauses, reduced relative clauses where the pronoun can be deleted, and cases where the pronoun cannot be deleted such as after verbs other than be or with the pronoun whose.
This document discusses the preterit tense in Spanish, which is used to talk about completed or terminated past actions. It provides examples of how to conjugate regular -ar, -er, and -ir verbs in the preterit. For verbs ending in -car, -gar, and -zar, there are spelling changes in the first person singular form, such as c becoming qu and g becoming gu. Criteria for using the preterit include actions that ended at a specific time in the past, occupied a limited period of time, or had a clear beginning or end.
The document discusses different types of relative clauses of time and adverbial clauses of time in English grammar. It provides examples of relative clauses of time introduced by verbs like "be", and examples of time clauses that precede or follow the main clause. It also lists and provides examples of other time clauses like "as", "once", "while", etc. There are exercises matching time clauses with sentence stems and filling in dates/moments for relative clauses of time.
The document provides examples of using the present perfect tense in sentences and questions about experiences that have happened or not happened. It asks the reader to complete sentences using the present perfect form, including questions about traveling to Paris, seeing landmarks, living abroad, and helping the environment. It prompts the reader to be honest and use "never" if they have not had certain experiences.
This document discusses how verb tenses have two elements of meaning: time and attitude. It explains that time shows when the action happens, while attitude shows interest in the action. It then provides examples of how the present continuous, present simple, present perfect, and past tenses convey time and attitude.
The document discusses the present indefinite tense in Russian and English. It provides examples of how the present indefinite tense is used to describe actions that happen regularly or frequently, regardless of the exact time being discussed. It also covers the formation of affirmative, interrogative and negative sentences in the present indefinite tense in English.
The document discusses the subjunctive mood in English and its various forms:
- The past perfect subjunctive is used to express unreal past situations and has the same form as the past perfect tense. Examples include "I wish they had arrived on time" and "I would've bought the dress if there hadn't been such a queue."
- The past subjunctive refers to unreal or improbable present/future situations and has the same form as the past simple except for the verb "to be." Examples include "If I were you, I would apply now" and "I wish you were here."
- The present subjunctive is identical to the bare infinitive form and is
The document discusses different types of clauses and sentences in grammar. It defines clauses as grammatical units that include a subject and predicate, and sentences as groups of one or more clauses. The main types of clauses covered are independent clauses, dependent/subordinate clauses, adverbial clauses, nominal clauses, relative clauses, and coordinate clauses. The types of sentences discussed include simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex sentences.
The document discusses pronoun-antecedent agreement and provides a quiz on rewriting sentences using different verb aspects. The quiz asks the reader to rewrite 5 sentences using the past perfect, future perfect, and present perfect aspects of the verb asked. The answers provided rewrite the sentences using the correct verb aspects.
Combining sentences with semicolons and commaskathrynhedrick
Reasons to combine sentences include:
1. To avoid choppy writing and connect related ideas.
2. Important punctuation for combining sentences are the comma, semicolon, and conjunctions like "and".
3. Semicolons can join two independent clauses or items in a list that already contain commas.
The document discusses three types of clauses: adjective clauses, also known as relative clauses; adverb clauses, also known as subordinate clauses; and noun clauses. It provides examples of each type of clause from the text "My Long Distance Life" and explains the key characteristics of each. Adjective clauses modify nouns, adverb clauses modify verbs, and noun clauses can function as subjects, objects, or complements, performing the same grammatical roles as nouns. Words like that, which, who, whose, when, and where are used to introduce the different types of clauses.
This document provides definitions and examples of common English grammar terms in 3 sentences or less:
Nouns refer to people, places, things, or ideas. Verbs show action or a state of behavior. Adjectives describe nouns or pronouns, while adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs to describe manner, place, purpose, frequency, or time.
Demonstrative adjectives point to or identify a noun. In English there are four demonstrative adjectives: this, that, these, those. In Spanish there are twelve demonstrative adjectives that vary by gender and number. The Spanish demonstrative adjectives are este/a, esos/as, ese/a, and aquel/la and must agree with the noun they modify in gender and number.
Relative pronouns introduce relative clauses and agree with the antecedent noun in gender and number. Relative clauses provide additional information about a word in the main clause, called the antecedent, and are subordinate because the sentence is still grammatically correct without the clause. The case of the relative pronoun depends on its role in the relative clause, not the main clause.
The document discusses the four basic conditional sentence types in English - zero, first, second, and third conditionals - and provides examples of their structures and common uses. It also covers mixed conditionals, which combine aspects of different conditional types. The zero conditional uses the present tense and refers to general facts or personal truths. The first conditional uses the present and future tenses to talk about possibilities. The second conditional uses past tense to refer to improbable or hypothetical situations. The third conditional refers to unreal past situations using past perfect tense. Mixed conditionals combine past perfect with present or continuous forms to discuss past situations affecting the present.
5 demonstrative adjectives and pronounsLaura Riddle
There are several types of demonstrative adjectives and pronouns in Spanish that indicate proximity or distance between an object/person and the speaker. Those beginning with "e" refer to things that are near ("este" = this, "estos" = these) while those with "a" refer to things farther away ("aquel" = that over there, "aquellas" = those over there). The neuter forms "esto", "eso", and "aquello" do not have number or gender and refer to ideas rather than concrete objects.
The document discusses the past perfect tense, which is used to describe an action that was completed before another past action or time. It provides examples of using the past perfect in affirmative, negative, and question forms. Key aspects include using "had" plus the past participle of the main verb to form the past perfect tense and placing it in a sentence with a verb in the simple past tense. The past perfect tense is used to show that one past action was completed before another past action.
The document discusses semantic roles in language. It begins by defining key terms like sentence, proposition, predicate, and noun phrases. It then explains that a proposition consists of a predicate plus arguments, and discusses how propositions can be expressed through different sentences with varying grammar but conveying the same meaning. The document outlines different semantic roles like agent, patient, and themes and provides examples. It also discusses how the valency of predicates, or number of arguments they can take, can vary and provides a table of common semantic roles.
This document provides an overview of Spanish grammar topics including:
1. The preterite and imperfect tenses, their uses, conjugations and irregular verbs.
2. The uses of por and para which can change the meaning of a sentence.
3. Stressed possessive adjectives and pronouns, how they are formed and used.
4. Formal command forms (mandatos formales) including irregular verbs and how to use pronouns.
5. The subjunctive mood and when it is used including with verbs of will/influence, emotion, doubt/denial, and conjunctions.
Conditional sentences are composed of two clauses: a condition clause introduced by "if" and a consequence clause. There are three main types of conditional patterns: 1) first conditional for probable conditions using present tense, 2) second conditional for improbable conditions using past tense, and 3) third conditional for imaginary conditions using past perfect.
A verb indicates the time of an action, event or condition by changing its form according to its tense - present, past or future tenses.
By Arundathie Abeysinghe
Lecturer in English
International Aviation Academy (IAA)
SriLankan Airlines
This document discusses relative clauses and relative pronouns. It defines a relative clause as adding information about someone or something referred to in a main clause. Relative clauses connect to the main clause using relative pronouns like who, whom, whose, which, whomever, and that. The document also discusses defining relative clauses, reduced relative clauses where the pronoun can be deleted, and cases where the pronoun cannot be deleted such as after verbs other than be or with the pronoun whose.
This document discusses the preterit tense in Spanish, which is used to talk about completed or terminated past actions. It provides examples of how to conjugate regular -ar, -er, and -ir verbs in the preterit. For verbs ending in -car, -gar, and -zar, there are spelling changes in the first person singular form, such as c becoming qu and g becoming gu. Criteria for using the preterit include actions that ended at a specific time in the past, occupied a limited period of time, or had a clear beginning or end.
The document discusses different types of relative clauses of time and adverbial clauses of time in English grammar. It provides examples of relative clauses of time introduced by verbs like "be", and examples of time clauses that precede or follow the main clause. It also lists and provides examples of other time clauses like "as", "once", "while", etc. There are exercises matching time clauses with sentence stems and filling in dates/moments for relative clauses of time.
The document provides examples of using the present perfect tense in sentences and questions about experiences that have happened or not happened. It asks the reader to complete sentences using the present perfect form, including questions about traveling to Paris, seeing landmarks, living abroad, and helping the environment. It prompts the reader to be honest and use "never" if they have not had certain experiences.
This document discusses how verb tenses have two elements of meaning: time and attitude. It explains that time shows when the action happens, while attitude shows interest in the action. It then provides examples of how the present continuous, present simple, present perfect, and past tenses convey time and attitude.
The document discusses the present indefinite tense in Russian and English. It provides examples of how the present indefinite tense is used to describe actions that happen regularly or frequently, regardless of the exact time being discussed. It also covers the formation of affirmative, interrogative and negative sentences in the present indefinite tense in English.
The document provides an overview of the present perfect continuous tense in English. It discusses key features such as the use of auxiliary verbs like "have" and "be", and how the present participle ("-ing" form) of the main verb is used. Examples are provided to illustrate how the tense expresses actions that began in the past and continue in the present. The differences between the present perfect continuous and present perfect simple tenses are also examined in terms of the types of verbs used and the duration of actions.
The document provides information and examples about using the simple past tense and past progressive tense in English. It explains that the simple past tense is used to talk about completed actions in the past, while the past progressive tense is used to talk about ongoing or continuous actions that were interrupted by other events in the past. It gives examples of filling in sentences using the correct past tense forms of verbs and forming questions using the past progressive tense. Various exercises are provided for learners to practice using these tenses in affirmative, negative and interrogative sentences.
This document discusses the present perfect continuous tense. It explains that the tense is used to describe actions that began in the past and either continue in the present or recently stopped. There are two main uses - for actions that just finished or recently stopped, with a present result, and for actions that began in the past and continue up to the present. Examples are provided to illustrate each use, and the use of "for" and "since" with the present perfect continuous tense is also explained.
This document provides an overview and schedule for the West Coast Green 2010 conference. It begins by thanking attendees for being part of positive change for sustainability. The conference will provide strategies and fuel human spirit through innovation. It celebrates exponential change from collective intelligence. The schedule provides details on events from September 30 to October 2, including keynotes, sessions, exhibits, and networking events. It also acknowledges sponsors and partners who are supporting the conference.
MIND IS LIKE A RESTLESS MONKEY WHICH WANDERS WITHOUT BEING STABLE AND AS STRONG AS AN INTOXICATED ELEPHANT.
- esay way to control mind and attain EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE
Este documento contiene información sobre Carlos Zerpa, integrante de la Escuela de Telecomunicaciones de la Universidad Fermín Toro. Incluye su nombre completo, cédula de identidad y la fecha.
Le royalisme est l'attachement au roi ou au prétendant. Ce courant politique « n'est pas l'adhésion à une pensée politique continue, mais (il est composé d'une) suite de pensées et d'options sans autres liens que la consanguinité de ceux qui les formulent » . Le royalisme est intimement lié à la personnalité du prétendant. Celle-ci peut orienter de manière significative le contenu du message politique de ses partisans. Le royalisme peut s'orienter vers un monarchisme. La valorisation de l'institution monarchique et l'attachement au roi peuvent, dans certains cas, se combiner.
Nous avons étudié le royalisme au travers de deux entités: la France et l'« Autriche-Hongrie ». Dans ces deux cas, la monarchie n'existe plus.
The document discusses three main causes of climate change:
1. Earth-sun geometry - variations in the Earth's orbit, axial tilt, and precession affect the amount of solar radiation reaching Earth, according to the Milankovitch Theory.
2. Volcanic eruptions - Large eruptions can inject huge amounts of volcanic material like ash and gases into the atmosphere, reflecting sunlight back into space and lowering global temperatures for years. Major eruptions have been linked to extinction events.
3. Solar output - Small variations in the amount of energy emitted by the Sun may also influence Earth's climate on long timescales.
Este documento trata sobre la normalización de tolerancias y ajustes. Explica las ventajas del sistema ISO de tolerancias y ajustes, como la consecución de ajustes adecuados en montajes mecánicos. También discute la tendencia mundial de seguir el sistema de tolerancias de la Asociación Nacional de Estandarización (ISA) y enumera cinco herramientas comunes para el cálculo de tolerancias como la calidad, elección de calidad, posiciones de tolerancia y tipos de ajustes. Concluye resaltando
The document discusses the results of a study on the impact of COVID-19 lockdowns on air pollution. Researchers found that lockdowns led to significant short-term reductions in nitrogen dioxide and fine particulate matter pollution globally as human activity declined. However, the impacts on air quality were temporary and pollution levels rebounded once lockdowns were lifted and activity resumed.
Este documento presenta tres situaciones didácticas relacionadas con la promoción del aprendizaje estratégico en contextos escolares. La primera situación implica identificar áreas de oportunidad en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes mediante observación. La segunda involucra analizar modelos y experiencias educativas en línea sobre aprendizaje estratégico. La tercera consiste en evaluar críticamente propuestas no científicas que prometen mejorar el aprendizaje.
El documento habla sobre la historia y evolución de los videojuegos desde sus orígenes hasta la actualidad. Comenzó con simuladores de vuelo en la década de 1940 y el primer videojuego "SpaceWar" creado en 1961. En la década de 1970 surgieron populares juegos como "Pong" y las primeras consolas. En la década de 1980 Nintendo lanzó la consola Nintendo con el personaje Mario, iniciando la era dorada de los videojuegos. Las consolas y juegos continuaron evolucionando con empresas como Sega, Sony
Este documento presenta varias definiciones clave relacionadas con la arquitectura de software, incluyendo la diferencia entre patrones y estilos arquitectónicos, y entre arquitectura prescriptiva y descriptiva. También describe conceptos como arquitectura a la deriva, degradación de arquitectura y reconstrucción de arquitectura. Finalmente, presenta algunas categorías comunes para clasificar estilos arquitectónicos.
El jefe llama apresuradamente a la casa de su empleado que se retrasaba, y un niño contesta susurrando. El niño dice que su papá, mamá y un bombero están hablando con un policía, y que se escuchan helicópteros y mucho ruido de policías. El niño dice finalmente que están "jugando a las escondidas".
Mapas de filosofia - Luisa Vargas 10*3luisa vargas
Los primeros filósofos griegos Tales, Anaxímenes, Anaximandro, Heráclito y Parménides propusieron diferentes teorías sobre el origen y la naturaleza fundamental del universo. Tales creía que el agua era el elemento principal, mientras que Anaxímenes pensaba que era el aire. Anaximandro sostuvo que todo surgía de lo indefinido. Heráclito consideró que el fuego era el origen de todo y que todo está en constante cambio. Parménides argumentó que la razón puede captar la esencia del ser tal
This document provides an overview of the 12 verb tenses in English. It defines each tense and provides examples of how they are used to express time and duration of events. The tenses covered include simple present, present progressive, simple past, past progressive, present perfect, present perfect progressive, past perfect, past perfect progressive, future, future progressive, future perfect, and future perfect progressive.
This document discusses time and tense in English grammar. It defines time as referring to when an action occurs, and tense as the grammatical structure that expresses time. It then outlines the 12 verb tenses in English and provides examples of their uses. Special uses of tenses are discussed, including using the present tense to talk about the past or future. The document also covers sequences of tenses, reported speech, conditional sentences, and exercises to practice tense usage.
The document discusses English verb tenses, aspects, and moods. It explains that there are two main tenses in English - present and past tense. It also covers aspects like progressive, perfect, and perfect progressive. Aspect expresses the temporal structure of an action. Finally, it discusses moods like indicative, subjunctive, and imperative which convey attitude and manner of expression. Examples are provided for each category to illustrate their uses.
This document provides an overview of the English verb tenses, including:
1. It outlines the 6 main English tenses - Simple Present, Present Continuous, Simple Past, Past Continuous, Present Perfect, and Past Perfect.
2. For each tense, it explains how the tense is formed and provides examples of sentences using that tense.
3. It also discusses some other tenses like Future, Future Continuous, Future Perfect, and Future Perfect Continuous and how they are used to talk about future events.
The document discusses various tenses in English including the simple present, present progressive, simple past, future, present perfect, past perfect, future perfect, and present perfect progressive tenses. It provides examples of how each tense is used and formed, including the base verb forms and helping verbs involved. Key uses covered include habitual or repeated actions, future events, unfinished past actions, and continuous actions over time.
This document provides information about tenses in English grammar. It defines tenses as demonstrating the time of an action performed by the subject of a sentence. The main tenses discussed are present, past, and future. For each tense, the definitions, structures, examples, and forms (simple, progressive, perfect, perfect progressive) are explained in detail. Special emphasis is placed on explaining the different structures, examples, and uses of each tense form.
This document reviews the 12 verb tenses in English. It provides examples for each tense, explaining how they are used to express time and duration. The tenses covered are the simple present, present progressive, simple past, past progressive, present perfect, present perfect progressive, past perfect, past perfect progressive, future, future progressive, future perfect, and future perfect progressive.
The document discusses various tenses in English grammar:
1) The Present Simple is used to express habits, general facts, repeated actions, emotions and desires. It is also used with scheduled events and instructions.
2) The Past Simple refers to completed actions in the past without reference to duration. It uses regular and irregular verb forms.
3) The Future Simple is used to predict future events, express willingness and refusal. It takes different forms depending on the subject.
4) The Present Continuous describes ongoing actions at the present time. The Past Continuous describes unfinished past actions. The Future Continuous refers to unfinished future actions or predictions.
The document discusses various tenses in English grammar:
1) The Present Simple is used to express habits, general facts, repeated actions, emotions and desires. It is also used with scheduled events and instructions.
2) The Past Simple refers to completed actions in the past without reference to duration. It uses regular and irregular verb forms.
3) The Future Simple is used to predict future events, express willingness and refusal. It takes different forms depending on the subject.
4) The Present Continuous describes ongoing actions at the present time. The Past Continuous describes unfinished past actions. The Future Continuous refers to unfinished future actions or predictions.
This document discusses verb tenses and types of verbs in English grammar. It explains the simple present, past, and future tenses and how they are formed. It also covers the present perfect, past perfect, and future perfect tenses. Modal verbs like can, could, should and must are described. The uses of do, does and did as auxiliary verbs are provided. Finally, it discusses irregular verbs and their past and past participle forms.
Tense refers to grammatical expressions of time and includes present and past tense in English. Present tense can refer to present, past, or future time. It is commonly used in conversation to talk about the past or indicate tentativeness. Past tense is most often used to refer to past time and is common in fictional narratives. Reported speech changes the tense of the verb to agree with the past tense of the reporting verb. Future time is usually expressed using modal or semi-modal verbs. Present tense is common in academic writing and conversation, while past tense is common in fiction.
This document reviews English verb tenses. It discusses the simple present, present continuous, simple past, past continuous, present perfect, present perfect continuous, past perfect, past perfect continuous, future, future continuous, future perfect, and future perfect continuous tenses. Examples of how to form and use each tense are provided.
1. The document discusses various English tenses and structures including future tenses, the present simple tense, reported speech, the past continuous tense, the passive voice, and the present perfect tense.
2. Examples are provided to illustrate when and how to use each tense or structure such as using the present simple tense to talk about the future with time expressions like "tomorrow" or "next week".
3. Key aspects of each tense are defined, such as how to change pronouns and verbs when transforming direct to reported speech.
1. The document discusses various English tenses and structures including future tenses, the present simple tense, reported speech, the past continuous tense, the passive voice, and the present perfect tense.
2. Examples are provided to illustrate when and how to use each tense or structure such as using the present simple tense to talk about the future with time expressions like "tomorrow" or "next week".
3. Key aspects of each tense are defined, such as how to change pronouns and verbs when transforming direct to reported speech.
Here is the paragraph with consistent verb tenses:
(1) I was in my room Saturday morning, planning to study for two hours.
No changes were needed because the verbs were already in the same tense (past progressive) to describe actions occurring at the same time.
Here is the paragraph with consistent verb tenses:
(1) I was in my room Saturday morning, planning to study for two hours.
No changes were needed because the verbs were already in the same tense (past progressive) to describe actions occurring at the same time.
1) The document explains different tenses in English grammar, focusing on past tenses. It uses visual graphics like timelines to illustrate the differences between simple past, past progressive, and past perfect tenses.
2) Simple past tense refers to single occurrences in the past, represented as points on a timeline. Past progressive describes actions that spanned a period of time in the past.
3) Past perfect tense is used to show that one past action had already occurred when another past action took place, with the earlier action in past perfect and the later in simple past.
1) The document explains different tenses in English grammar, specifically focusing on past tenses. It uses visual graphics like timelines to illustrate the differences between simple past, past progressive, and past perfect tenses.
2) Simple past tense refers to single occurrences in the past, while past progressive describes actions that were ongoing over a period of time in the past.
3) Past perfect tense is used to show that one past action had already occurred when another past action took place. It indicates the earlier action happened before the later action in the past.
This document discusses adverbial phrases, which provide information about verbs such as how, when, where, and how often an action occurs. It describes the main types of adverbial phrases - time, place, and frequency. It explains the typical positions of these phrases in sentences and their word order. It also provides examples of different time adverbs like "yesterday" and "for a year", place adverbs like "here" and "over there", and frequency adverbs like "often" and "sometimes".
The document discusses the different tenses in English grammar, including present, past, and future tenses. It explains how verbs are used to indicate the time of actions as present, past, or future. There are 12 tenses in the active voice and 8 in the passive voice. Each tense is used to express different aspects of time such as actions that are ongoing, completed, planned to occur, etc. Examples are provided to illustrate the proper usage of each tense in sentences.
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The Origins of the Dwayne Johnson Kidnapping Saga
Dwayne Johnson: A Brief Background
Before discussing the specifics of the kidnapping. it is crucial to understand who Dwayne Johnson is and why his kidnapping would be so significant. Born May 2, 1972, Dwayne Douglas Johnson is an American actor, producer, businessman. and former professional wrestler. Known by his ring name, "The Rock," he gained fame in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE) before transitioning to a successful career in Hollywood.
Johnson's filmography includes blockbuster hits such as "The Fast and the Furious" series, "Jumanji," "Moana," and "San Andreas." His charismatic personality, impressive physique. and action-star status have made him a beloved figure worldwide. Thus, the news of his kidnapping would send shockwaves across the globe.
Setting the Scene: The Day of the Kidnapping
The incident of Dwayne Johnson's kidnapping began on an ordinary day. Johnson was filming his latest high-octane action film set to break box office records. The location was a remote yet scenic area. chosen for its rugged terrain and breathtaking vistas. perfect for the film's climactic scenes.
But, beneath the veneer of normalcy, a sinister plot was unfolding. Unbeknownst to Johnson and his team, a group of criminals had planned his abduction. hoping to leverage his celebrity status for a hefty ransom. The stage was set for an event that would soon dominate worldwide headlines and social media feeds.
The Abduction: Unfolding the Dwayne Johnson Kidnapping
The Moment of Capture
On the day of the kidnapping, everything seemed to be proceeding as usual on set. Johnson and his co-stars and crew were engrossed in shooting a particularly demanding scene. As the day wore on, the production team took a short break. providing the kidnappers with the perfect opportunity to strike.
The abduction was executed with military precision. A group of masked men, armed and organized, infiltrated the set. They created chaos, taking advantage of the confusion to isolate Johnson. Johnson was outnumbered and caught off guard despite his formidable strength and fighting skills. The kidnappers overpowered him, bundled him into a waiting vehicle. and sped away, leaving everyone on set in a state of shock and disbelief.
The Immediate Aftermath
The immediate aftermath of the Dwayne Johnson kidnappin
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Early Life and Backgrounds
Orpah Winfrey: From Humble Beginnings to Media Mogul
Orpah Winfrey, often known as Oprah due to a misspelling on her birth certificate. was born on January 29, 1954, in Kosciusko, Mississippi. Raised in poverty by her grandmother, Winfrey's early life was marked by hardship and adversity. Despite these challenges. she demonstrated a keen intellect and an early talent for public speaking.
Winfrey's journey to success began with a scholarship to Tennessee State University. where she studied communication. Her first job in media was as a co-anchor for the local evening news in Nashville. This role paved the way for her eventual transition to talk show hosting. where she found her true calling.
Dwayne Johnson: From Wrestling Royalty to Hollywood Superstar
Dwayne Johnson, also known by his ring name "The Rock," was born on May 2, 1972, in Hayward, California. He comes from a family of professional wrestlers, with both his father, Rocky Johnson. and his grandfather, Peter Maivia, being notable figures in the wrestling world. Johnson's early life was spent moving between New Zealand and the United States. experiencing a variety of cultural influences.
Before entering the world of professional wrestling. Johnson had aspirations of becoming a professional football player. He played college football at the University of Miami. where he was part of a national championship team. But, injuries curtailed his football career, leading him to follow in his family's footsteps and enter the wrestling ring.
Career Milestones
Orpah Winfrey: The Queen of All Media
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In the early 20
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Using verb tenses
1. Using Verb Tenses
A verb indicates the time of an action, event or condition by changing its form. Through the use of
a sequence of tenses in a sentence or in a paragraph, it is possible to indicate the complex temporal
relationship of actions, events, and conditions
There are many ways of categorising the twelve possible verb tenses. The verb tenses may be
categorised according to the time frame: past tenses, present tenses, and future tenses.
Verb Tense: Time
The four past tenses are
1. the simple past ("I went")
2. the past progressive ("I was going")
3. the past perfect ("I had gone")
4. the past perfect progressive ("I had been going")
The four present tenses are
1. the simple present ("I go")
2. the present progressive ("I am going")
3. the present perfect ("I have gone")
4. the present perfect progressive ("I have been going")
Note that the present perfect and present perfect progressive are a present not past tenses -- that idea
is that the speaker is currently in the state of having gone or having been going.
The four future tenses are
1. the simple future ("I will go")
2. the future progressive ("I will be going")
3. the future perfect ("I will have gone")
4. the future perfect progressive ("I will have been going")
2. Verb Tense: Aspect
Verb tenses may also be categorised according to aspect. Aspectrefers to the nature of the action
described by the verb. There are three aspects: indefinite (or simple), complete (or perfect), continuing
(or progressive).
The three indefinite tenses, or simple tenses, describe an action but do not state whether the action is
finished:
the simple past ("I went")
the simple present ("I go")
the simple future ("I will go")
A verb in the indefinite aspect is used when the beginning or ending of an action, an event, or condition
is unknown or unimportant to the meaning of the sentence. The indefinite aspect is also used to used to
indicate an habitual or repeated action, event, or condition.
The three complete tenses, or perfect tenses, describe a finishedaction:
the past perfect ("I had gone")
the present perfect ("I have gone")
the future perfect ("I will have gone")
A verb in the complete aspect indicates that the end of the action, event, or condition is known and the
is used to emphasise the fact that the action is complete. The action may, however, be completed in the
present, in the past or in the future.
The three incomplete tenses, or progressive tenses, describe anunfinished action:
the past progressive ("I was going")
the present progressive ("I am going")
the future progressive ("I will be going")
3. A verb in the continuing aspect indicates that the action, event, or condition is ongoing in the present,
the past or the future.
It is also possible to combine the complete tenses and the incomplete tenses, to describe an action
which was in progress and then finished:
the past perfect progressive ("I had been going")
the present perfect progressive ("I have been going")
the future perfect progressive ("I will have been going")
The Function of Verb Tenses
The Simple Present Tense
The simple present is used to describe an action, an event, or condition that is occurring in the present,
at the moment of speaking or writing. The simple present is used when the precise beginning or ending
of a present action, event, or condition is unknown or is unimportant to the meaning of the sentence.
Each of the highlighted verbs in the following sentences is in the simple present tense and each
sentence describes an action taking place in the present:
Deborah waits patiently while Bridget books the tickets.
The shelf holds three books and a vase of flowers.
The crowd moves across the field in an attempt to see the rock star get into her helicopter.
The Stephens sisters are both very talented; Virginia writes and Vanessa paints.
Ross annoys Walter by turning pages too quickly.
The simple present is used to express general truths such as scientific fact, as in the following sentences:
Rectangles have four sides.
Canada Day takes place on July 1, the anniversary of the signing of the British North America Act.
The moon circles the earth once every 28 days.
Calcium is important to the formation of strong bones.
4. Menarche and menopause mark the beginning and the ending of a woman's reproductive history.
The simple present is used to indicate a habitual action, event, or condition, as in the following
sentences:
Leonard goes to The Jumping Horse Tavern every Thursday evening.
My grandmother sends me new mittens each spring.
In fairy tales, things happen in threes.
We never finish jigsaw puzzles because the cat always eats some of the pieces.
Jesse polishes the menorah on Wednesdays.
The simple present is also used when writing about works of art, as in the following sentences.
Lolly Willowes is the protagonist of the novel Townsend published in 1926.
One of Artemisia Gentleschi's best known paintings represents Judith's beheading of Holofernes.
The Lady of Shallot weaves a tapestry while watching the passers-by in her mirror.
Lear rages against the silence of Cordelia and only belatedly realizes that she, not her more vocal sisters,
loves him.
The play ends with an epilogue spoken by the fool.
The simple present can also be used to refer to a future event when used in conjunction with
an adverb or adverbial phrase, as in the following sentences.
The doors open in 10 minutes.
The premier arrives on Tuesday.
Classes end next week.
The publisher distributes the galley proofs next Wednesday.
The lunar eclipses begins in exactly 43 minutes.
The Present Progressive
5. While the simple present and the present progressive are sometimes used interchangeably, the present
progressive emphasises the continuing nature of an act, event, or condition.
Each of the highlighted verbs in the following sentences is in the present progressive tense. In each
sentence the on-going nature of the action is emphasised by the use of the present progressive rather
than the simple present.
Nora is looking for the first paperback editions of all of Raymond Chandler's books.
Deirdre is dusting all the shelves on the second floor of the shop.
The union members are pacing up and down in front of the factory.
KPLA is broadcasting the hits of the 70s this evening.
The presses are printing the first edition of tomorrow's paper.
The present progressive is occasionally used to refer to a future event when used in conjunction with an
adverb or adverbial phrase, as in the following sentences.
The doors are opening in 10 minutes.
The premier is arriving on Tuesday.
Classes are ending next week.
The publisher is distributing the galley proofs next Wednesday.
The Present Perfect Tense
The present perfect tense is used to describe action that began in the past and continues into the
present or has just been completed at the moment of utterance. The present perfect is often used to
suggest that a past action still has an effect upon something happening in the present.
Each of the highlighted compound verbs in the following sentences is in the present perfect tense.
They have not delivered the documents we need.
This sentence suggest that the documents were not delivered in the past and that they are still
undelivered.
6. The health department has decided that all high school students should be immunised against
meningitis.
The writer of this sentence uses the present perfect in order to suggest that the decision made in the
past is still of importance in the present.
The government has cut university budgets; consequently, the dean has increased the size of most
classes.
Here both actions took place sometime in the past and continue to influence the present.
The heat wave has lasted three weeks.
In this sentence, the writer uses the present perfect to indicate that a condition (the heat wave) began
in past and continues to affect the present.
Donna has dreamt about frogs sitting in trees every night this week.
Here the action of dreaming has begun in the past and continues into the present.
The Present Perfect Progressive Tense
Like the present perfect, the present perfect progressive is used to describe an action, event, or
condition that has begun in the past and continues into the present. The present perfect progressive,
however, is used to stress the on-going nature of that action, condition, or event.
Each of the highlighted verbs in the following sentences is in the present perfect progressive tense and
each sentence suggests that the action began in the past and is continuing into the present.
That dog has been barking for three hours; I wonder if someone will call the owner.
I have been relying on my Christmas bonus to pay for the gifts I buy for my large family.
They have been publishing this comic book for ten years.
We have been seeing geese flying south all afternoon.
Even though the coroner has been carefully examining the corpse discovered in Sutherland's Gully since
early this morning, we still do not know the cause of death.
7. The Simple Past Tense
The simple past is used to describe an action, an event, or condition that occurred in the past, sometime
before the moment of speaking or writing.
Each of the highlighted verbs in the following sentences is in the simple past tense and each sentence
describes an action taking place at some point in past.
A flea jumped from the dog to the cat.
Phoebe gripped the hammer tightly and nailed the boards together.
The gem-stones sparkled in a velvet lined display case.
Artemisia Gentilsechi probably died in 1652.
The storyteller began every story by saying "A long time ago when the earth was green."
The Past Progressive Tense
The past progressive tense is used to described actions ongoing in the past. These actions often take
place within a specific time frame. While actions referred to in the present progressive have some
connection to the present, actions referred in the past progressive have no immediate or obvious
connection to the present. The on-going actions took place and were completed at some point well
before the time of speaking or writing.
Each of the highlighted verbs in the following sentences is in the past progressive tense.
The cat was walking along the tree branch.
This sentence describes an action that took place over a period of continuous time in the past. The cat's
actions have no immediate relationship to anything occurring now in the present.
Lena was telling a story about the exploits of a red cow when a tree branch broke the parlour window.
Here the action "was telling" took place in the past and continued for some time in the past.
When the recess bell rang, Jesse was writing a long division problem on the blackboard.
8. This sentence describes actions ("ran" and "was writing") that took place sometime in the past, and
emphasises the continuing nature of one of the actions ("was writing").
The archivists were eagerly waiting for the delivery of the former prime minister's private papers.
Here the ongoing action of "waiting" occurred at some time unconnected to the present.
Between 1942 and 1944 the Frank and Van Damm families were hiding in a Amsterdam office building.
In this sentence, the action of hiding took place over an extended period of time and the continuing
nature of the hiding is emphasised.
The Past Perfect Tense
The past perfect tense is used to refer to actions that took place and were completed in the past. The
past perfect is often used to emphasise that one action, event or condition ended before another past
action, event, or condition began.
Each of the highlighted verbs in the following sentences is in the past perfect.
Miriam arrived at 5:00 p.m. but Mr. Whitaker had closed the store.
All the events in this sentence took place in the past, but the act of closing the store takes place before
Miriam arrives at the store.
After we located the restaurant that Christian had raved about, we ate supper there every Friday.
Here the praise ("had raved") precedes the finding ("located") of the restaurant. Both actions took place
sometime before the moment of speaking or writing.
The elephant had eaten all the hay so we fed it oats for a week.
In this sentence, both actions take place in the past, but the eating of the hay ("had eaten") preceded
the eating of the oats ("fed").
The heat wave had lasted three weeks.
While the sentence "The heat wave has lasted three weeks" suggests that a condition began in the past
and continues into the present, this sentence describes an action that began and ended sometime in the
9. past ("had lasted"). By using the past perfect the writer indicates that the heat wave has no connection
to any events occurring in the present.
After she had learned to drive, Alice felt more independent.
Here the learning took place and was completed at a specific time in the past. By using the past perfect
rather than the simple past ("learned"), the writer emphasises that the learning preceded the feeling of
independence.
The Past Perfect Progressive Tense
The past perfect progressive is used to indicate that a continuing action in the past began before
another past action began or interrupted the first action.
Each of the highlighted compound verbs in the following sentences is in the past perfect progressive
tense.
The toddlers had been running around the school yard for ten minutes before the teachers shooed them
back inside.
Here the action of the toddlers ("had been running") is ongoing in the past and precedes the actions of
the teachers ("shooed") which also takes place in the past.
We had been talking about repainting the front room for three years and last night we finally bought the
paint.
In this example, the ongoing action of "talking" precedes another past action ("bought").
A construction crew had been digging one pit after another in the middle of my street for three days
before they found the water main.
Here, the action of digging ("had been digging") took place in the past and occurred over a period of
time. The digging was followed by the action of finding ("found").
Madeleine had been reading mystery novels for several years before she discovered the works of
Agatha Christie.
10. In this sentence the act of discovery ("discovered") occurred in the past but after the ongoing and
repeated action of reading ("had been reading").
The chef's assistant had been chopping vegetables for several minutes before he realized that he had
minced his apron strings.
This sentence is a bit more complex in that it contains three different past verb tenses. The sequence of
tenses conveys a complex set of information. The past perfect progressive ("had been chopping") is used
to emphasise the ongoing nature of the past act of chopping. While a second past perfect progressive
("had been mincing") could be used, the past perfect ("had minced") is used to suggest that act of
mincing was completed. The simple past ("realized") is used to describe the action closest to the
present, an action that followed both the chopping and the mincing.
The Simple Future Tense
The simple future is used to refer to actions that will take place after the act of speaking or writing.
Each of the highlighted verbs in the following sentences is in the simple future tense.
They will meet us at the newest café in the market.
Will you walk the dog tonight?
At the feast, we will eat heartily.
Bobbie will call you tomorrow with details about the agenda.
The Smiths say that they will not move their chicken coop.
The Future Progressive Tense
The future progressive tense is used to describe actions ongoing in the future. The future progressive is
used to refer to continuing action that will occur in the future.
Each of the highlighted compound verbs in the following sentences is in the future progressive tense.
The glee club will be performing at the celebration of the town's centenary.
Ian will be working on the computer system for the next two weeks.
11. The selection committee will be meeting every Wednesday morning.
We will be writing an exam every afternoon next week.
They will be ringing the bells for Hypatia next month.
The Future Perfect Tense
The future perfect is used to refer to an action that will be completed sometime in the future before
another action takes place.
Each of the highlighted verbs in the following sentences is in the future perfect tense.
The surgeon will have operated on 6 patients before she attends a luncheon meeting.
In this sentence, the act of operating ("will have operated") takes place in the future sometime before
the act of attending ("attends").
The plumber and his assistant will have soldered all the new joins in pipes before they leave for the next
job.
Here, the plumbers' act of soldering ("will have soldered") will precede the act of leaving ("leave").
By the time you get back from the corner store, we will have finished writing the thank you letters.
In this sentence, the act of returning from the store ("get back") takes place after the act of writing ("will
have written").
If this year is like last year, I will have finished my holiday shopping long before my brother starts his.
In this example, the act of finishing ("will have finished") occurs well before the act of starting ("starts").
They will have written their first exam by the time we get out of bed.
Here, the act of getting out of bed occurs sometime after the writing of the exam.
The Future Perfect Progressive Tense
The future perfect progressive tense is used to indicate a continuing action that will be completed at
some specified time in the future. This tense is rarely used.
Each of the highlighted verbs in the following sentences is in the future perfect progressive tense.
12. I will have been studying Greek for three years by the end of this term.
In this sentence, the future perfect progressive is used to indicate the ongoing nature of the future act
of the studying. The act of studying ("will have been studying") will occur before the upcoming end of
term.
By the time the meeting is over, the committee will have been arguing about which candidate to
interview for three hours.
Similarly in this sentence, the ongoing nature of a future act ("will have been arguing") is emphasised by
the use of the future perfect progressive. The act of sustained arguing will take place before the meeting
is over.
When he returns, the wine will have been fermenting for three months.
Here the ongoing action of fermentation will precede ("will have been fermenting") the act of returning.