1. The document discusses using bandwidth aggregation to improve video streaming quality over multiple wireless access networks. It formulates the multi-link video streaming process as a reinforcement learning task using a Markov Decision Process to determine optimal actions.
2. It proposes a quality-adaptive streaming approach that uses an adaptive search algorithm to obtain sub-optimal solutions in real time. The approach aims to achieve smooth, high quality video streaming while avoiding interruptions.
3. The approach considers metrics like startup latency, playback fluency, average playback quality, playback smoothness, and wireless service cost in its reward function to balance video quality of service with cost. It was evaluated using a realistic testbed with an Android phone.
Chaining Algorithm and Protocol for Peer-to-Peer Streaming Video on Demand Sy...ijwmn
As the various architectures and protocol have been implemented a true VoD system has great demand in the global users. The traditional VoD system does not provide the needs and demands of the global users. The major problem in the traditional VoD system is serving of video stream among clients is duplicated and streamed to the different clients, which consumes more server bandwidth and the client uplink bandwidth is not utilized and the performance of the system degrades. Our objective in this paper is to send one server stream sufficient to serve the many clients without duplicating the server stream. Hence we have proposed a protocol and algorithm that chains the proxy servers and subscribed clients utilize client’s uplink bandwidth such that the load on the server is reduced. We have also proved that less rejection ratio of the clients and better utilization of the buffer and bandwidth for the entire VoD system.
A NOVEL ADAPTIVE CACHING MECHANISM FOR VIDEO ON DEMAND SYSTEM OVER WIRELESS M...IJCNCJournal
Video on Demand (VOD) system over the wireless mobile network is a system that provides video services to mobile clients. The main problem with these systems is the high service delay where the mobile clients have to wait to view their favorite movie. The importance of this paper is based on finding a solution on how to reduce the delay time in the VOD system. This paper introduces a novel caching mechanism named
Proxy Server Cache mechanism to tackle the issue of service delay. This delay happens when the broadcasting phase that is related to the first segment is missed by a client from the current broadcasting channels. In this mechanism, the video’s first segment is stored on a server of a stationary proxy type. The
delayed clients will directly acquire the first segment from the proxy server instead of waiting for the following broadcasting channel pertaining to the first segment. The proposed scheme ensuresobtaining the first segment from mobile clients when they arrive. Additionally, the performance of the proposed scheme is validated by applying the VOD system, which can involve the balancing mechanism to retain particular requests through to the local proxy server to provide a fair dissemination for these requests. The obtained result confirms that the proposed scheme reduces the time delay of the system in comparison with the best existing schemes. The results of the average time delay in the Proxy-Cache scheme is 179.2505
milliseconds when 10 clients arrive each minute (Client/minute), the average time delay is 140 milliseconds when the video lengths are 30, 60 and 90. Meanwhile, the failure probability for obtaining the first segment of the video remains zero when the number of arrived requests is set to2, 4, 6, 8 and 10.
Multimedia streaming over Mobile Ad Hoc networks has been a very challenging issue due to the dynamic
behavior and uncertain nature of the channels. Transmission of real time video has bandwidth, delay and
loss requirements. However there are no Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees for video transmission in
today’s network. There are many challenging issues that need to be addressed in designing mechanisms for
video transmission, which include end-to-end Quality of Service, Bandwidth, Delay, Loss, Congestion, and
Heterogeneity. The Challenges of delivering Multi-media signals are even pronounced in Wireless
Networks (Mobile Ad Hoc Networks, Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) and Cellular Networks) which are heavily
bandwidth constrained and have no fixed infrastructures. In this Research we provide a theoretical model
for minimum buffer size as a means of achieving smoother, higher quality streaming video. This Research
presents a general optimal video smoothing algorithm based on the concept of dynamically controlled
Coefficient of Variance (CV), which is the ratio of standard deviation of the end-to-end delay and the
expected value of the delay for each ensemble of packets being transmitted through the network. The results
discuss how the size of the “receive buffer” is affected by the allocated bandwidth for each source-pair end
users for supporting video streaming applications without any gaps. The simulation performance show that
the dynamic client buffer size based on measured bandwidth variation achieves negligible jitter in the video
streaming which is subjectively acceptable.
Opportunistic and playback sensitive scheduling for video streamingijwmn
Given the strict Quality of Service (QoS) requirements of video streaming, this paper proposes a novel
solution for simultaneous streaming of multiple video sessions over a mobile cellular system. The proposed
solution combines a buffer management strategy with a packet scheduling algorithm. The buffer
management strategy selectively discards packets of a user from base station buffer whereas the packet
scheduling algorithm schedules packets of a user according to its instantaneous channel quality, average
throughput and playback buffer information. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed solution is
effective in providing a continuous video playback with good perceptual quality for more users. If at least a
good perceptual quality is to be satisfied for all users (QoS constraint of video streaming), then the
proposed solution improves the system capacity by 40% over a conventional packet scheduling algorithm.
Optimal Streaming Protocol for VoD Using Clients' Residual BandwidthIDES Editor
A true VoD system has tremendous demand in the
market. The existing VoD system does not cater the needs
and demands of the market. The major problem in the VoD
system is serving of clients with expected QoS is difficult. In
this paper, we proposed a protocol and algorithm that
chains the proxy servers and subscribed clients. Our
objective is to send one server stream and this stream should
be served to N asynchronous clients. The server bandwidth
is scarcity and on the client uplink bandwidth is
underutilized. In this protocol, we are using client’s residual
bandwidth such that the load on the server bandwidth is
reduced. We have proved that optimal utilization of the
buffer and bandwidth for the entire VoD system and also
less rejection ratio of the clients.
Chaining Algorithm and Protocol for Peer-to-Peer Streaming Video on Demand Sy...ijwmn
As the various architectures and protocol have been implemented a true VoD system has great demand in the global users. The traditional VoD system does not provide the needs and demands of the global users. The major problem in the traditional VoD system is serving of video stream among clients is duplicated and streamed to the different clients, which consumes more server bandwidth and the client uplink bandwidth is not utilized and the performance of the system degrades. Our objective in this paper is to send one server stream sufficient to serve the many clients without duplicating the server stream. Hence we have proposed a protocol and algorithm that chains the proxy servers and subscribed clients utilize client’s uplink bandwidth such that the load on the server is reduced. We have also proved that less rejection ratio of the clients and better utilization of the buffer and bandwidth for the entire VoD system.
A NOVEL ADAPTIVE CACHING MECHANISM FOR VIDEO ON DEMAND SYSTEM OVER WIRELESS M...IJCNCJournal
Video on Demand (VOD) system over the wireless mobile network is a system that provides video services to mobile clients. The main problem with these systems is the high service delay where the mobile clients have to wait to view their favorite movie. The importance of this paper is based on finding a solution on how to reduce the delay time in the VOD system. This paper introduces a novel caching mechanism named
Proxy Server Cache mechanism to tackle the issue of service delay. This delay happens when the broadcasting phase that is related to the first segment is missed by a client from the current broadcasting channels. In this mechanism, the video’s first segment is stored on a server of a stationary proxy type. The
delayed clients will directly acquire the first segment from the proxy server instead of waiting for the following broadcasting channel pertaining to the first segment. The proposed scheme ensuresobtaining the first segment from mobile clients when they arrive. Additionally, the performance of the proposed scheme is validated by applying the VOD system, which can involve the balancing mechanism to retain particular requests through to the local proxy server to provide a fair dissemination for these requests. The obtained result confirms that the proposed scheme reduces the time delay of the system in comparison with the best existing schemes. The results of the average time delay in the Proxy-Cache scheme is 179.2505
milliseconds when 10 clients arrive each minute (Client/minute), the average time delay is 140 milliseconds when the video lengths are 30, 60 and 90. Meanwhile, the failure probability for obtaining the first segment of the video remains zero when the number of arrived requests is set to2, 4, 6, 8 and 10.
Multimedia streaming over Mobile Ad Hoc networks has been a very challenging issue due to the dynamic
behavior and uncertain nature of the channels. Transmission of real time video has bandwidth, delay and
loss requirements. However there are no Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees for video transmission in
today’s network. There are many challenging issues that need to be addressed in designing mechanisms for
video transmission, which include end-to-end Quality of Service, Bandwidth, Delay, Loss, Congestion, and
Heterogeneity. The Challenges of delivering Multi-media signals are even pronounced in Wireless
Networks (Mobile Ad Hoc Networks, Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) and Cellular Networks) which are heavily
bandwidth constrained and have no fixed infrastructures. In this Research we provide a theoretical model
for minimum buffer size as a means of achieving smoother, higher quality streaming video. This Research
presents a general optimal video smoothing algorithm based on the concept of dynamically controlled
Coefficient of Variance (CV), which is the ratio of standard deviation of the end-to-end delay and the
expected value of the delay for each ensemble of packets being transmitted through the network. The results
discuss how the size of the “receive buffer” is affected by the allocated bandwidth for each source-pair end
users for supporting video streaming applications without any gaps. The simulation performance show that
the dynamic client buffer size based on measured bandwidth variation achieves negligible jitter in the video
streaming which is subjectively acceptable.
Opportunistic and playback sensitive scheduling for video streamingijwmn
Given the strict Quality of Service (QoS) requirements of video streaming, this paper proposes a novel
solution for simultaneous streaming of multiple video sessions over a mobile cellular system. The proposed
solution combines a buffer management strategy with a packet scheduling algorithm. The buffer
management strategy selectively discards packets of a user from base station buffer whereas the packet
scheduling algorithm schedules packets of a user according to its instantaneous channel quality, average
throughput and playback buffer information. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed solution is
effective in providing a continuous video playback with good perceptual quality for more users. If at least a
good perceptual quality is to be satisfied for all users (QoS constraint of video streaming), then the
proposed solution improves the system capacity by 40% over a conventional packet scheduling algorithm.
Optimal Streaming Protocol for VoD Using Clients' Residual BandwidthIDES Editor
A true VoD system has tremendous demand in the
market. The existing VoD system does not cater the needs
and demands of the market. The major problem in the VoD
system is serving of clients with expected QoS is difficult. In
this paper, we proposed a protocol and algorithm that
chains the proxy servers and subscribed clients. Our
objective is to send one server stream and this stream should
be served to N asynchronous clients. The server bandwidth
is scarcity and on the client uplink bandwidth is
underutilized. In this protocol, we are using client’s residual
bandwidth such that the load on the server bandwidth is
reduced. We have proved that optimal utilization of the
buffer and bandwidth for the entire VoD system and also
less rejection ratio of the clients.
Multimedia networking:
The term ‘multimedia’ refers to diverse classes of media employed to represent information.
The term ‘Networked Multimedia’ refers to the transmission and distribution of multimedia information on the network
Performance Analysis of Wireless Networks With MDQOSIJERA Editor
In Wireless/Mobile networks various kinds of encoding schemes were used for transmission of data over a bandwidth. The desired quality and generated traffic varies with the requirement with this bandwidth. A generic video telephony may require more than 40 kbps whereas a low motion video telephony may require about 25 kbps for data transmission. From the designing point of view these requirements demands for an alternative resource planning, especially for bandwidth allocation in wireless networks. In wireless network where bandwidth is a scare resource, the system may need to block incoming user if all of the bandwidth has been used to provide highest quality of service to existing users. However this bandwidth resource planning may be unacceptable for larger application. A degradable approach to multiple users can be made on bandwidth allocation to reduce the blocking probability without degrading the quality of service to existing users.
This work aims towards a realization of a wireless/mobile network using W-CDMA multi access technique supporting multilevel quality of services. The bandwidth allocation to multiple users is adjusted dynamically according to the required network condition so as to increase bandwidth utilization. The work analyze the performance deriving the degradation period ratio, mean degradation time and degradation state for the implemented wireless network.The proposed work is aim to implement on Matlab tool for its functional verification considering various mobility patterns
Gary Southwell's presentation from OTTCON, held in March in San Jose, California. Gary was speaking about how to manage the growth of OTT content and how to manage that growth to maximize revenue.
Priority scheduling for multipath video transmission in wmsnsIJCNCJournal
In video data transmission over Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs), in which network
congestion and link failures are main characteristics, providing Quality-of-Service (QoS) is challenging. In
such situation, using multipath routing protocols along with efficient packet scheduling can improve the
performance of video delivery over sensor networks. In this paper we propose a new packet scheduling
mechanism for multipath video transmission over WMSN. Since, different video frame types in a
compressed video stream have different impact on the perceived video at the receiver; our proposed
scheme for video packet scheduling is content aware that schedules transmission of different video packets
over different paths. For this purpose, condition of each routing path is periodically evaluated and the high
priority video packets are transmitted through high quality paths. Simulation results show that our
proposed scheduling improves the quality of the perceived video at the receiver, considerably.
RESOURCE ALLOCATION ALGORITHMS FOR QOS OPTIMIZATION IN MOBILE WIMAX NETWORKSijwmn
WiMAX is based on the standard IEEE 802.16e-2009 for wireless access in Metropolitan Area Networks. It
is one of the solutions for 4G IP based wireless technology. WiMAX utilizes Orthogonal Frequency
Division Multiple Access which also supports Multicast and Broadcast Service with appropriate
Modulation and Coding Scheme. Presently, Scheduling and Resource allocation algorithm in Opportunistic
Layered Multicasting provides multicasting of layered video over mobile WiMAX to ensure better QoS.
Initially, the knowledge based allocation of subcarriers is used for scheduling. In addition, to reduce the
burst overhead, delay and jitter, SWIM (Swapping Min-Max) algorithm is utilized. Another promising
technology that can greatly improve the system performance by exploring the broadcasting nature of
wireless channels and the cooperation among multiple users is the Cooperative Multicast Scheduling
(CMS) technique. The simulation results show, Swapping Min-Max performs better with lesser number of
bursts, Zero jitter and with optimal throughput. The results with Cooperative Multicast Scheduling show
the enhanced throughput for each member in the Multicasting Scenario.
Building Cloud-ready Video Transcoding System for Content Delivery Networks (...Zhenyun Zhuang
GLOBECOM 2012
Video streaming traffic of both VoD (Video on
Demand) and Live is exploding. Various types of businesses
and many people are relying on video streaming to attract
customers/users and for other purposes. Given the vast number
of video stream formats (e.g., MP4, FLV) and transmission
protocols (e.g., HTTP, RTMP, RTSP) for supporting varying
types of playback terminals (particularly mobile devices such as
iphone/ipad and Android phones), video content providers often
need to transcode videos to multiple formats in order to stream
to different types of users.
Being time-sensitive and requiring high bandwidth, video
streaming exerts high pressure on underlying delivery networks.
Content Delivery Network (CDN) providers can help their
customers quickly and reliably distribute stream contents to end
users. In addition to distributing video streams, CDN providers
typically allow their customers to perform video transcoding on
CDN platforms. With the high volume of video streams and the
bursty transcoding workload, CDN providers are eager to deploy
elastic and optimized cloud-based transcoding platforms.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
DATA TRANSPARENT AUTHENTICATION USING QOD IN HYBRID NETWORKSEditor IJMTER
Hybrid networks are next generation of wireless networks that could be a
combination of Mobile wireless adhoc (MANET) networks and Wireless Infrastructure
networks. They are increasingly utilized in wireless communications that are extremely
supporting real time transmission with restricted Quality of Service. Invalid reservation and
race condition issues happens in MANET. In existing system, QoS-Oriented Distributed
routing protocol (QOD) is employed to boost the QoS support capability of hybrid networks,
it transforms the packet routing problem to resource scheduling problem that has 5
algorithms. They are, QoS guaranteed neighbor selection algorithm, Distributed packet
scheduling algorithm, Mobility based segment resizing algorithm, Traffic redundant
elimination algorithm and Data redundancy elimination based transmission algorithm. The
main drawback of hybrid networks is so far examined in minimum transmission hops and has
less beneficial feature with restricted number of mobile access points, mobility speeds, and
mobile workloads and with different network sizes. It will extremely perform on random
way point model and less in real mobility model. This paper present Data Transparent
Authentication to authenticates data streams by adjusting interpacket delay. Data Transparent
Authentication while not Communication overhead is an approach which reduces breakdown
of original information or sends out of band authentication data.
Abstract: The main communication methods used by deaf people are sign language, but opposed to common thought, there is no specific universal sign language: every country or even regional group uses its own set of signs. The use of sign language in digital systems can enhance communication in both directions: animated avatars can synthesize signals based on voice or text recognition; and sign language can be translated into various text or sound forms based on different images, videos and sensors input. The ultimate goal of this research, but it is not a simple spelling of spoken language, so that recognizing different signs or letters of the alphabet (which has been a common approach) is not sufficient for its transcription and automatic interpretation. Here proposes an algorithm and method for an application this would help us in recognising the various user defined signs. The palm images of right and left hand are loaded at runtime. Firstly these images will be seized and stored in directory. Then technique called Template matching is used for finding areas of an image that match (are similar) to a template image (patch). Our goal is to detect the highest matching area. We need two primary components- A) Source image (I): In the template image in which we try to find a match. B) Template image (T): The patch image which will be compared to the template image. In proposed system user defined patterns will be having 60% accuracy while default patterns will be provided with 80% accuracy.
Folder Security Using Graphical Password Authentication Schemepaperpublications3
Abstract: Now a day most of the user are facing problem for providing the security to the folder, so that it will not be accesses by the unauthorized user. Taking in action all these problems I have designed a model which will provide a best security to your folders using graphical password authentication model. Graphical passwords are an alternative to alphanumeric passwords in which users click on images to authenticate themselves rather than type alphanumeric strings. We have developed one such system, called Pass Points, and evaluated it with human users. Beginning around 1999, a multitude of graphical based password scheme which have been proposed as alternative to text based password scheme, motivated by the promise of improved password memorability and thus usability. This paper presents a detailed evaluation of the Pass Points and pattern matching password scheme which provides high level of security and provides security to your folder.
Multimedia networking:
The term ‘multimedia’ refers to diverse classes of media employed to represent information.
The term ‘Networked Multimedia’ refers to the transmission and distribution of multimedia information on the network
Performance Analysis of Wireless Networks With MDQOSIJERA Editor
In Wireless/Mobile networks various kinds of encoding schemes were used for transmission of data over a bandwidth. The desired quality and generated traffic varies with the requirement with this bandwidth. A generic video telephony may require more than 40 kbps whereas a low motion video telephony may require about 25 kbps for data transmission. From the designing point of view these requirements demands for an alternative resource planning, especially for bandwidth allocation in wireless networks. In wireless network where bandwidth is a scare resource, the system may need to block incoming user if all of the bandwidth has been used to provide highest quality of service to existing users. However this bandwidth resource planning may be unacceptable for larger application. A degradable approach to multiple users can be made on bandwidth allocation to reduce the blocking probability without degrading the quality of service to existing users.
This work aims towards a realization of a wireless/mobile network using W-CDMA multi access technique supporting multilevel quality of services. The bandwidth allocation to multiple users is adjusted dynamically according to the required network condition so as to increase bandwidth utilization. The work analyze the performance deriving the degradation period ratio, mean degradation time and degradation state for the implemented wireless network.The proposed work is aim to implement on Matlab tool for its functional verification considering various mobility patterns
Gary Southwell's presentation from OTTCON, held in March in San Jose, California. Gary was speaking about how to manage the growth of OTT content and how to manage that growth to maximize revenue.
Priority scheduling for multipath video transmission in wmsnsIJCNCJournal
In video data transmission over Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs), in which network
congestion and link failures are main characteristics, providing Quality-of-Service (QoS) is challenging. In
such situation, using multipath routing protocols along with efficient packet scheduling can improve the
performance of video delivery over sensor networks. In this paper we propose a new packet scheduling
mechanism for multipath video transmission over WMSN. Since, different video frame types in a
compressed video stream have different impact on the perceived video at the receiver; our proposed
scheme for video packet scheduling is content aware that schedules transmission of different video packets
over different paths. For this purpose, condition of each routing path is periodically evaluated and the high
priority video packets are transmitted through high quality paths. Simulation results show that our
proposed scheduling improves the quality of the perceived video at the receiver, considerably.
RESOURCE ALLOCATION ALGORITHMS FOR QOS OPTIMIZATION IN MOBILE WIMAX NETWORKSijwmn
WiMAX is based on the standard IEEE 802.16e-2009 for wireless access in Metropolitan Area Networks. It
is one of the solutions for 4G IP based wireless technology. WiMAX utilizes Orthogonal Frequency
Division Multiple Access which also supports Multicast and Broadcast Service with appropriate
Modulation and Coding Scheme. Presently, Scheduling and Resource allocation algorithm in Opportunistic
Layered Multicasting provides multicasting of layered video over mobile WiMAX to ensure better QoS.
Initially, the knowledge based allocation of subcarriers is used for scheduling. In addition, to reduce the
burst overhead, delay and jitter, SWIM (Swapping Min-Max) algorithm is utilized. Another promising
technology that can greatly improve the system performance by exploring the broadcasting nature of
wireless channels and the cooperation among multiple users is the Cooperative Multicast Scheduling
(CMS) technique. The simulation results show, Swapping Min-Max performs better with lesser number of
bursts, Zero jitter and with optimal throughput. The results with Cooperative Multicast Scheduling show
the enhanced throughput for each member in the Multicasting Scenario.
Building Cloud-ready Video Transcoding System for Content Delivery Networks (...Zhenyun Zhuang
GLOBECOM 2012
Video streaming traffic of both VoD (Video on
Demand) and Live is exploding. Various types of businesses
and many people are relying on video streaming to attract
customers/users and for other purposes. Given the vast number
of video stream formats (e.g., MP4, FLV) and transmission
protocols (e.g., HTTP, RTMP, RTSP) for supporting varying
types of playback terminals (particularly mobile devices such as
iphone/ipad and Android phones), video content providers often
need to transcode videos to multiple formats in order to stream
to different types of users.
Being time-sensitive and requiring high bandwidth, video
streaming exerts high pressure on underlying delivery networks.
Content Delivery Network (CDN) providers can help their
customers quickly and reliably distribute stream contents to end
users. In addition to distributing video streams, CDN providers
typically allow their customers to perform video transcoding on
CDN platforms. With the high volume of video streams and the
bursty transcoding workload, CDN providers are eager to deploy
elastic and optimized cloud-based transcoding platforms.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
DATA TRANSPARENT AUTHENTICATION USING QOD IN HYBRID NETWORKSEditor IJMTER
Hybrid networks are next generation of wireless networks that could be a
combination of Mobile wireless adhoc (MANET) networks and Wireless Infrastructure
networks. They are increasingly utilized in wireless communications that are extremely
supporting real time transmission with restricted Quality of Service. Invalid reservation and
race condition issues happens in MANET. In existing system, QoS-Oriented Distributed
routing protocol (QOD) is employed to boost the QoS support capability of hybrid networks,
it transforms the packet routing problem to resource scheduling problem that has 5
algorithms. They are, QoS guaranteed neighbor selection algorithm, Distributed packet
scheduling algorithm, Mobility based segment resizing algorithm, Traffic redundant
elimination algorithm and Data redundancy elimination based transmission algorithm. The
main drawback of hybrid networks is so far examined in minimum transmission hops and has
less beneficial feature with restricted number of mobile access points, mobility speeds, and
mobile workloads and with different network sizes. It will extremely perform on random
way point model and less in real mobility model. This paper present Data Transparent
Authentication to authenticates data streams by adjusting interpacket delay. Data Transparent
Authentication while not Communication overhead is an approach which reduces breakdown
of original information or sends out of band authentication data.
Abstract: The main communication methods used by deaf people are sign language, but opposed to common thought, there is no specific universal sign language: every country or even regional group uses its own set of signs. The use of sign language in digital systems can enhance communication in both directions: animated avatars can synthesize signals based on voice or text recognition; and sign language can be translated into various text or sound forms based on different images, videos and sensors input. The ultimate goal of this research, but it is not a simple spelling of spoken language, so that recognizing different signs or letters of the alphabet (which has been a common approach) is not sufficient for its transcription and automatic interpretation. Here proposes an algorithm and method for an application this would help us in recognising the various user defined signs. The palm images of right and left hand are loaded at runtime. Firstly these images will be seized and stored in directory. Then technique called Template matching is used for finding areas of an image that match (are similar) to a template image (patch). Our goal is to detect the highest matching area. We need two primary components- A) Source image (I): In the template image in which we try to find a match. B) Template image (T): The patch image which will be compared to the template image. In proposed system user defined patterns will be having 60% accuracy while default patterns will be provided with 80% accuracy.
Folder Security Using Graphical Password Authentication Schemepaperpublications3
Abstract: Now a day most of the user are facing problem for providing the security to the folder, so that it will not be accesses by the unauthorized user. Taking in action all these problems I have designed a model which will provide a best security to your folders using graphical password authentication model. Graphical passwords are an alternative to alphanumeric passwords in which users click on images to authenticate themselves rather than type alphanumeric strings. We have developed one such system, called Pass Points, and evaluated it with human users. Beginning around 1999, a multitude of graphical based password scheme which have been proposed as alternative to text based password scheme, motivated by the promise of improved password memorability and thus usability. This paper presents a detailed evaluation of the Pass Points and pattern matching password scheme which provides high level of security and provides security to your folder.
Efficient and Optimal Routing Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networkspaperpublications3
Abstract: The Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have emerged as a new category of networking systems with limited computing, communication, and storage resources. In many sensing applications source nodes deliver packets to sink nodes via multiple hops, leading to the problem on how to find routes that enable all packets to be delivered in required time frames, while simultaneously taking into account factors such as energy efficiency and load balancing. To solve this problem one data collection protocol is developed called EDAL, which stands for Energy-efficient Delay-aware Lifetime-balancing data collection. Methods used are centralized heuristic and ant colony gossiping to find best energy efficient path. Then integrate EDAL with compressive sensing to reduce the amount of traffic generated and to reduce delay in the network.
Abstract: In today’s commercial, industrial and domestic world, Automation plays an important role, it is actually an arrangement of different elements in order to regulate, direct, sense and command itself to achieve a desired result. “Automatic Fire Fighting Robot” project employs the electrical thermostat technology for the controlling the fire 24 hrs. The system is cost effective, has a wide applications which when implement can show good and effective result. It can be use deliberately in industrial applications, commercial and in domestic sectors where the requirement of automatic work demands. Synchronization of various equipment involve in the system i.e Thermostat Sensor, water jet, wireless remote and wireless android device WiFi enabled Camera. This is mean to simulate the real world operation of Robot performing a fire extinguishing function. Fuzzy logic provided an appropriate solution to the otherwise complex task of mathematically deriving an exact model for the non-linear control system upon which conventional control techniques could then be applied. Making Robot wireless increases the effective area of operation, thereby making it possible to control the robot from remote location. Keeping all above factors in mind the Robot is capable of being remotely controlled and live video buffering i.e possessing a multimedia interface was convinced and developed.
Abstract: The project involves creation of 1. Website which will help an NGO named Juvenile Diabetic Parent Association of India (JDPAI) to reach out to the larger audiences and help them out in managing their diabetes and 2. As an Android powered Mobile device is the gadget found commonly in the common man we will develop an Android app which will help in managing diabetes by helping in counting the daily calorie intake, giving suggestions on different situations faced by the diabetics in their daily lives etc. The website has all the information about JDPAI and its work throughout the years. The android app will have all the information about the organization as well as extra features like calorie counting, sugar level manager, etc. This app will help the diabetics (Majorly type 1) manage their lives without any stress. The entire result given on each query fired by the user would be stored on the database of the app.
Abstract: Here we discuss how zero objects and zero morphisms behave in an abelian category. We also provide proofs of isomorphism between the kernels and between the cokernels of a morphism. We discuss some properties of abelian category.
Tree Based Proactive Source Routing Protocol for MANETspaperpublications3
bstract: A mobile adhoc network (MANET) is a wireless communication network and the node that does not lie within the direct transmission range of each other depends on the intermediate nodes to forward data. Opportunistic data forwarding has not been widely utilized in mobile adhoc networks (MANETs) and the main reason is the lack of an efficient lightweight proactive routing scheme with strong source routing capability. PSR protocol facilitates opportunistic data forwarding in MANETs. In PSR, each node maintains a breadth-first search spanning tree of the network rooted at it-self. This information is periodically exchanged among neighboring nodes for updated network topology information. Here added a Mobile sink to reduce the overhead in case of number of child node increases and also to reduce the delay.
Fingerprint Feature Extraction, Identification and Authentication: A Reviewpaperpublications3
Abstract: In the modern computerized world, due to high demand on fingerprint identification system, a lot of challenges keep arising in each phase of system, which include fingerprint image enhancement, feature extraction, features matching and fingerprint classification. Applications such as online banking and online shopping use techniques that depend on personal identification numbers, keys, or passwords. But there is the risk of data being forgotten, lost, or even stolen. One of the solutions to it may be biometric authentication methods which provide a unique way to identify, recognize and authenticate people. Fingerprints being the oldest methods of biometric authentication, are being explored at large. The main focus of the paper is to review fingerprint feature extraction, identification and authentication in different image/pattern based and minutiae-based fingerprints.
Analysis of Fungus in Plant Using Image Processing Techniquespaperpublications3
Abstract: The present work proposes a methodology for analysis of fungus in plant, using image processing techniques. The fungus kills the young seedling; it spread by air and can also infect plant. Therefore it is very important to monitor the leaf at regular intervals so as to keep track on quality of growth of plant. For analysis of fungus is focused on technique using MATLAB 7.0. The image are captured by digital camera mobile and processed using image growing, then the part of the leaf spot has been used for the classification purpose of the trait and test. The acquired image are in jpeg format and are converted to gray scale image. The gray scale images are enhanced and make noise free. The Ostu algorithm is applied to get threshold image. The pixel neighborhood is applied to enhance the pixel of leaf to show clearly the fungus area. Clustering is applied to get infected part of the leaf. RGB image is then segmented for analysis of fungus in plant. Comparative analyses of Image Edge Detection techniques are presented. It has been observed that the Canny Edge Detection algorithm is computationally more expensive compared to Sobel Edge Detection technique. The fungus infected area is 24.5951%.
Supervised Multi Attribute Gene Manipulation For Cancerpaperpublications3
Abstract: Data mining, the extraction of hidden predictive information from large databases, is a powerful new technology with great potential to help companies focus on the most important information in their data warehouses. Data mining tools predict future trends and behaviours, allowing businesses to make proactive, knowledge-driven decisions. The automated, prospective analyses offered by data mining move beyond the analyses of past events provided by retrospective tools typical of decision support systems.
They scour databases for hidden patterns, finding predictive information that experts may miss because it lies outside their expectations. Data mining techniques are the result of a long process of research and product development. This evolution began when business data was first stored on computers, continued with improvements in data access, and more recently, generated technologies that allow users to navigate through their data in real time. Data mining takes this evolutionary process beyond retrospective data access and navigation to prospective and proactive information delivery.
Abstract: This paper will introduce a new class of fuzzy closed set (briefly F-CS) called fuzzy αm-closed set as well as, introduce the fuzzy αm-kernel set of the fuzzy topological space. The investigation will address and discuss some of the properties of the fuzzy separation axioms such as fuzzy αm-Ri space and fuzzy αm-Tj space (note that, the indexes i and j are natural numbers of the spaces R and T are from 0 to 3 and from 0 to 4 respectively).
Mathematics Subject Classification (2010):54A40.
Abstract: File replication is an effective way to enhance file availability and reduce file querying delay. It creates replicas for a file to improve its probability of being encountered by requests. Here, we introduce a new concept of resource for file replication, which considers both node storage and node meeting ability. We theoretically study the influence of resource allocation on the average querying delay and derive an optimal file replication rule (OFRR) that allocates resources to each file based on its popularity and size. We then propose a file replication protocol based on the rule, which approximates the minimum global querying delay in a fully distributed manner.
Privacy Preserving Data Leak Detection for Sensitive Datapaperpublications3
Abstract: Number of data leaks in the organization, research institutions and security firms have grown rapidly in recent years. The data leakage occurs if there is no proper protection. The common approach is to monitor the data that are stored in the organization local network. The existing method require the plaintext sensitive data. However, this requirement is undesirable, as it may threaten the confidentiality of the sensitive information. A privacy preserving data-leak detection solution is proposed which can be outsourced and be deployed in a semi-honest detection environment. Fuzzy fingerprint technique is designed and implemented that enhances data privacy during data-leak detection operations. The DLD provider computes fingerprints from network traffic and identifies potential leaks in them. To prevent the DLD provider from gathering exact knowledge about the sensitive data, the collection of potential leaks is composed of real leaks and noises. The evaluation results show that this method can provide accurate detection.
Abstract: Password authentication is one of the simplest and the most convenient authentication mechanisms to deal with secret data over insecure networks. Every user now holds email account for different web sites or holds a username password for their office work in their computer system. In this paper, we shall present the result of our survey through basic currently available password-authentication-related schemes. We know that Apart from getting the password hacked by some intruder, a serious threats comes from the surrounding environment, specially the colleagues, friends or visitors nearby the system. Most of them have a tendency of observing keenly while you cast your password. Here we propose a simple way to provide a new way of password through clicks that would provide a secure mechanism from both the intruders and the people nearby while you type your password in the application.
Comparative Study of Data Mining Classification Algorithms in Heart Disease P...paperpublications3
Abstract: This research paper intends to provide an accuracy of the best algorithm from the classification algorithms. The main objective of this research work is to predict more accurately the presence of heart disease in patients. The dataset used here is from the UCI Machine Learning Repository based Hungarian-14-heart disease with 294 instances. In this research paper, we use weka tool with five classifiers like Naïve Bayes, Logistic function, RBF Network function, Decision Table rule, SMO function and their performance on the diagnosis has been compared. From that Naïve Bayes provides 86% accurate result in 0 seconds and RBF Network provides 86% of accuracy in 0.17 seconds. The research result shows both the Naïve Bayes outperforms with a time duration of 0 seconds to build the model.
Avoiding Anonymous Users in Multiple Social Media Networks (SMN)paperpublications3
Abstract: The main aim of this project is secure the user login and data sharing among the social networks like Gmail, Facebook and also find anonymous user using this networks. If the original user not available in the networks, but their friends or anonymous user knows their login details means possible to misuse their chats. In this project we have to overcome the anonymous user using the network without original user knowledge. Unauthorized user using the login to chat, share images or videos etc This is the problem to be overcome in this project .That means user first register their details with one secured question and answer. Because the anonymous user can delete their chat or data In this by using the secured questions we have to recover the unauthorized user chat history or sharing details with their IP address or MAC address. So in this project they have found out a way to prevent the anonymous users misuse the original user login details.
Abstract: The dramatic growth of smartphones in recent years, the challenge of limited energy capacity of these devices has not been solved satisfactorily. However, in the era of cloud computing, the limitation on energy capacity can be eased off in an efficient way by offloading heavy tasks to the cloud. It is important for smartphone and cloud computing developers to have insights into the energy cost of smartphone applications before implementing the offloading techniques.
In this paper, we evaluate the energy cost of multimedia applications on smartphones that are connected to Multimedia Cloud Computing (MCC). In other words, we investigate the feasibility of MCC. Specifically, we compared the energy costs for uploading and downloading a audio file to and from MCC with the energy costs of encoding the same audio file on a smartphone. The aforementioned comparison was performed by using HTTP and FTP Internet protocols with 3G and Wi-Fi network interfaces.
Abstract: We are making one android application for our college. This application gives the complete details about the college like Admission procedure, various departments’ information etc. In that special job hunting section we are going to provide a new job opening in every one hour duration. The best advantage of these application will be messaging system that we are going to provide in the application. Every student will receive an SMS every hour about the job opening. If teacher wants send any kind of message any group of student, they can directly send the SMS notification to all the students with our messaging system. These help the student of college to be updated always and also attract all students to get admission in our college.
Enhancing Data Security in Cloud Storage Auditing With Key Abstractionpaperpublications3
Abstract: Auditing is an important service to verify the data in the cloud. Most of the auditing protocols are based on the assumption that the client’s secret key for auditing is secure. The security is not fully achieved, because of the low security parameters of the client. If the auditing protocol is not secured means the data of the client will exposed inevitably. In this paper a new mechanism of cloud auditing is implemented. And investigate to reduce the damage of the client key exposure in cloud storage auditing. Here the designing is built upon to overcome the week key auditing process. The auditing protocol is designed with the help of key exposure resilience. In the proposed design, the binary tree structure and the pre-order traversal technique is used to update the secret keys of the client. The security proof and the performance shows the cloud storage auditing with key exposure resilience is very efficient.
Abstract: Data Mining has wide applications in many areas such as banking, medicine, scientific research and among government agencies. Classification is one of the commonly used tasks in data mining applications. The cloud computing, users have the opportunity to outsource their data, in encrypted form, as well as the data mining tasks to the cloud. Since the data on the cloud is in encrypted form, existing privacy preserving classification techniques are not applicable. On solving the classification problem over encrypted data. A secure k-NN classifier over encrypted data in the cloud. The k-NN protocol protects the confidentiality of the data, user’s input query, and data access patterns. To develop a secure k-NN classifier over encrypted data under the standard semi-honest model. Also, we empirically analyze the efficiency of our solution through various experiments.
A Real-Time Adaptive Algorithm for Video Streaming over Multiple Wireless Acc...Priti Kana
JP INFOTECH, offering bulk 2014 and 2015 IEEE Project titles for CSE, IT, ECE, EEE final year students. We are guide to give a best projects for your academic and future career.
The main problem is to avoid the complexity of retrieving the video content without streaming problem in multi network clients. The proposed work is to improve Collaboration among streaming contents on server resources in order to improve the network performance. Implementing network collaboration on a content delivery scenario, with a strong reduction of data transferred via servers. Audio and video files are transmitted in blocks to clients through the peer using the Network Coding Equivalent Content Distribution scheme. The objective of the system is to tolerate out-of-order arrival of blocks in the stream and is resilient to transmission losses of an arbitrary number of intermediate blocks, without affecting the verifiability of remaining blocks in the stream. To formulate the joint rate control and packet scheduling problem as an integer program where the objective is to minimize a cost function of the expected video distortion. Suggestions of cost functions are proposed in order to provide service differentiation and address fairness among users.
Video transmission over wireless networks is considered the most interesting application in our daily life nowadays. As
mobile data rates continue to increase and more people rely on wireless transmission, the amount of video transmitted over at least one
wireless hop will likely continue to increase. This kind of application needs large bandwidth, efficient routing protocols, and content
delivery methods to provide smooth video playback to the receivers. Current generation wireless networks are likely to operate on
internet technology combined with various access technologies. Achieving effective bandwidth aggregation in wireless environments
raises several challenges related to deployment, link heterogeneity, Network congestion, network fluctuation, and energy consumption.
In this work, an overview of technical challenges of over wireless networks is presented. A survey of wireless networks in recent video
transmission schemes is introduced. Demonstration results of few scenarios are showed.
An SDN Based Approach To Measuring And Optimizing ABR Video Quality Of Experi...Cisco Service Provider
Reprinted with permission of NCTA, from the 2014 Cable Connection Spring Technical Forum Conference Proceedings. For more information on Cisco video solutions, visit: http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/products/video/index.html
A FRAMEWORK FOR MOBILE VIDEO STREAMING AND VIDEO SHARING IN CLOUDJournal For Research
The transmission of data has grown over years in all the streams of technology. Video and image data plays a very important position in communication around the globe. The usage of Medias over mobile devices had exploded years ago in technology. However, the usage of traditional network connecting protocols and the service providers are providing lack of quality in services. As the number of users who uses mobile phones is increasing day by day the video traffic over network is also increasing thereby causes disruption in the service which is caused by low bandwidth. Due to this disruption the wireless cannot able to satisfy the users demand for video streaming which eventually causes long buffering time. Influencing cloud computing knowledge to gain advantage over this issue we suggest two solutions. i) Mobile Video Streaming (MoV) and Social Video Sharing (SoV). MoV will create a private cloud for each mobile user which adjusts the bit rate based on return value using scalable video coding technique to improve the scalability and efficient utilization of bandwidth. SoV uses the agent to pre fetch the video data for effective sharing and to reduce the buffering time.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Multimedia Video transmission is over Wireless Local Area Networks is expected to be an important component of many
emerging multimedia applications. However, Wireless networks will always be bandwidth limited compared to fixed networks due to
background noise, limited frequency spectrum, and varying degrees of network coverage and signal strength One of the critical issues
for multimedia applications is to ensure that the Quality of Service (QoS) requirement to be maintained at an acceptable level. Modern
mobile devices are equipped with multiple network interfaces, including 3G/LTE WiFi. Bandwidth aggregation over LTE and WiFi
links offers an attractive opportunity of supporting bandwidth-intensive services, such as high-quality video streaming, on mobile
devices. Achieving effective bandwidth aggregation in wireless environments raises several challenges related to deployment, link
heterogeneity, Network congestion, network fluctuation, and energy consumption. In this work, an overview of schemes for video
transmission over wireless networks is presented where an acceptable quality of service (QoS) for video applications required realtime
video transmission is achieved
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
A multimedia networking system allows for the data exchange of discrete and continuous media among computers.
This communication requires proper service and protocols for data transmission.
LAYERS: Provide a set of operations to the requesting application. Logically related services are grouped into layers according to the OSI layes.
PROTOCOL: A protocol consists of a set of rules which must be followed by peer layer instances during any communication between these two peers.
Stabilization of Variable Bit Rate Video Streams Using Linear Lyapunov Functi...ijait
Streaming videos over wireless networks suffers from low video quality due to network ability limitations. The quality of the channel and the characteristics of source play the major role in transmitting video stream over mobile environments. On failure of wireless video transmission, retransmission method was employed to improve the reliability of wireless link. However, retransmission of video leads to significant impact on energy consumption and bounded average waiting time is also increased. The longer waiting time on retransmission results in buffer starvation. Therefore, it is desirable to reduce the variable bit rate of transmitted video signal and increase the stability level when buffer starvation is occurs. In order to overcome such limitation, a technique named Response based Stabilization Analysis (RSA) using Distributed Optimality Bit Rate Allocation (RSA-DOBRA) is proposed in this paper. Initially, video stream is segregated into frames of different classes (i.e., size). Each frame is transmitted based on the variable bit rate response using Optimal Quantization process. Secondly, Linear Lyapunov Functions is employed with RSA to prove the stability of different bit rates on wireless video streaming. The application of Linear Lyapunov Function maintains the stability level of bit rate on different class of frame transmission on wireless link. Finally, Distributed Optimality Bit Rate Allocation uses the time slicing procedure to reduce the bounded average waiting time. RSA performs the time slicing based on multiplexed wireless video transmission on variable bit rate to avoid buffer starvation. RSA at the final stage reduces the energy consumption by improving the reliability of wireless link. Experiment is conducted on factors such as buffered starvation rate, waiting time on video frame transmission, and energy consumption rate.
Live multimedia streaming and video on demand issues and challengeseSAT Journals
Abstract
Live Streaming and Video on Demand are the trending technologies nowadays over the internet. It provides the mechanism to
deliver multimedia content such as audio or video to the large number of audience. However internet based services face the
problem of QOS (Quality of Service) due to the instability faced in networks. Performance gets degraded when serving content to
large number of consumers. Despite following the modern architectural design, precise estimate of resources such as bandwidth
and server load is a challenging task.. In this paper we delve into the architectural and performance issues of running these kinds
of services. Our study demonstrates that the streaming architecture and Security issues are the challenges faced by these
technologies. Moreover resources such as bandwidth and design of networks degrade the quality of multimedia data delivered to
users. Thus in order to have best experience of streaming and Video on demand services, these issues must be addressed.
Keywords— Live Streaming, VOD (Video On Demand), P2P Streaming, Client-Server Model.
Mobile-Based Video Caching Architecture Based on Billboard Manager csandit
Video streaming services are very popular today. Increasingly, users can now access multimedia applications and video playback wirelessly on their mobile devices. However, a significant challenge remains in ensuring smooth and uninterrupted transmission of almost any
size of video file over a 3G network, and as quickly as possible in order to optimize bandwidth consumption. In this paper, we propose to position our Billboard Manager to provide an optimal transmission rate to enable smooth video playback to a mobile device user connected to
a 3G network. Our work focuses on serving user requests by mobile operators from cached resource managed by Billboard Manager, and transmitting the video files from this pool. The
aim is to reduce the load placed on bandwidth resources of a mobile operator by routing away as much user requests away from the internet for having to search a video and, subsequently, if located, have it transferred back to the user.
Video streaming over Ad hoc on-demand distance vector routing protocoljournalBEEI
Video streaming is content sent in compressed form over the netwoks and viwed the users progressively. The transmission of video with the end goal that it can be prepared as consistent and nonstop stream. The point is that to give client support to client at anyplace and at whatever time. Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) are considered an attractive nertwork for information transmission in many applications where the customer programme can begin showing the information before the whole record has been transmitted.
Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) protocol is considered as one of the most important routing protocols in MANET. However, routing protocols assume a crucial part in transmission of information over the network. This paper investigates the performance of AODV Routing Protocol under video traffic over PHY IEEE 802.11g. The protocol model was developed in OPNET. Different outcomes from simulation based models are analyzed and appropriate reasons are also discussed. A different scenarios of video streaming were used. The metric in terms of throughput, end to end delay, packet delivery ratio and routing overhead were measured.
A comparision with GRP and GRP are also reported.
Suppose that you are designing a new video streaming service. You ha.pdfanandappliances
Suppose that you are designing a new video streaming service. You have chosen the DASH
system (Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP), so you have created a method to store
different versions of the video encoded at different bitrates. This allows your end-user to select
the bitrate they want to see when they play the video. Explain how this system can be utilized to
overcome network related issues, especially if your service controls the video player application.
Describe the interaction that should occur as the client program encounters common network
issues like delay, jitter or packet loss.
Solution
MPEG-DASH builds on the already excellent adaptive streaming technologies deployed today.
The MP4 File Format (based on the ISO Base Media File Format) enables common encryption to
allow delivery of content to a wide range of devices with various DRM schemes. MPEG-DASH
also allows multiple language versions of the same content to be delivered thus enlarging target
audiences. Whether consuming traffic from a service provider’s own content offering, or using a
new over-the-top service, video consumption to IP-enabled devices is driving up traffic on
operators’ networks. Building out new capacity to cope with today’s demands and the predicted
growth over the coming years is prohibitively expensive, yet consumers continue to expect
higher quality IP video without a corresponding hike in broadband access charges.
MPEG-DASH will help to overcome some of the challenges of other adaptive streaming formats
and provides service providers with the confidence coming from embracing a truly global
standard.
What MPEG-DASH aims to do is simplify the delivery landscape and help realize the promise
of adaptive streaming.
MPEG-DASH enables the delivery of content to all devices. One of the major challenges facing
content and service providers is the fragmentation of devices. It is no longer enough to create a
single version of a video asset for presentation on the household TV. Multiple viewing devices
with differing screen sizes receive content over networks with capacities that vary over time; a
Smartphone on a 3G mobile network requires a completely different asset than the 50” HDTV in
the living room. MPEG-DASH reduces cost at every step of the chain from content preparation,
hosting, caching to final delivery. MPEG-DASH, as an http adaptive streaming technology,
promises to reduce complexity by allowing the receiving device to select which resolution and
bitrate stream to view, and the ability to change the choice over time as network conditions
demand. This will allow content providers to concentrate on generating a fixed number of
choices for each asset, greatly simplifying their workflow. It will also allow business models to
expand to cater for content even further down the “tail”. It will also allow delivery of content to
homes that were previously out of reach commercially..
Server-based and Network-assisted Solutions for Adaptive Video StreamingEswar Publications
Server-based adaptive video streaming is gaining popularity in recent years. This is because clients (client-based) and in-network devices (network or proxy-based) are not powerful enough to run state of the art adaptation algorithms, for example, traffic shaping and machine learning. When decision making is placed at the server new and exciting possibilities are obtained for next best segment selection. This work highlights server-based solutions to adaptive video streaming. It provides a taxonomy of current state of the art solutions. It then illustrates various approaches used for server-based adaptive video streaming. Advantages and disadvantages are discussed.
Network-assisted or in-network DASH solutions have certain advantages over traditional client-based approaches. It is proposed that the sharing of information would result in better network and client bandwidth estimations.
This measure would ensure better next segment selections. In this paper a novel network-assisted DASH taxonomy is proposed. It consists of cache-based, optimization, rate-quality model, and co-operative elements. Recent approaches using the elements of the taxonomy are illustrated. These approaches show the advantages of using network-assisted entities in DASH-based systems.
Similar to Using Bandwidth Aggregation to Improve the Performance of Video Quality- Adaptive Streaming Over Multiple Wireless Access Networks (20)
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Using Bandwidth Aggregation to Improve the Performance of Video Quality- Adaptive Streaming Over Multiple Wireless Access Networks
1. ISSN 2350-1022
International Journal of Recent Research in Mathematics Computer Science and Information Technology
Vol. 2, Issue 1, pp: (47-54), Month: April 2015 – September 2015, Available at: www.paperpublications.org
Page | 47
Paper Publications
Using Bandwidth Aggregation to Improve the
Performance of Video Quality- Adaptive
Streaming Over Multiple Wireless Access
Networks
1
J.P. Satheesh, 2
R. Karthikeyan
1
PG Student, 2
Assistant Professor , Computer Science & Engineering, Bharath University, Chennai, India
Abstract: Smart phone provides many multimedia services for mobile users. Most of these smart phones are
equipped with multiple wireless network interfaces (that support real time video processing. How to use efficiently
and cost-effectively utilize multiple links to improve video streaming quality over multiple wireless access
networks . In order to maintain high video streaming quality while reducing the wireless service cost, In Video
quality-adaptive streaming, the optimal video streaming process with multiple links is formulated as a Markov
Decision Process (MDP). The reward function is designed to consider the quality of service (QoS) requirements for
video traffic, such as the startup latency, playback fluency, average playback quality, playback smoothness and
wireless service cost. To solve the MDP in real time, Quality-adaptive streaming propose an Adaptive search Depth
algorithm to obtain a sub-optimal solution.
Keywords: Quality of Service, Markov Decision Process, Bandwidth Aggregation, Variable Bit Rate.
I. INTRODUCTION
Smart phone provides many multimedia services for mobile users. Most of these smart phones are equipped with the
wireless channels and devices (that support real time video processing).Video streaming is gaining popularity among
mobile users recently. Considering that the mobile devices have limited computational capacity and energy supply, and
the wireless channels are highly dynamic, it is very challenging to provide high quality video streaming services for
mobile users consistently. It is a promising trend to use multiple wireless network interfaces with different wireless
communication techniques for mobile devices. For example, smart phones and tablets are usually equipped with cellular,
Wi-Fi and Bluetooth interfaces. Utilizing multiple links simultaneously can improve video streaming in several aspects:
the aggregated higher bandwidth can support video of higher bit rate; when one wireless link suffers poor link quality or
congestion, the others can compensate for it.High resilience to bandwidth variation and easy deployment are both
important requirements for video streaming applications. Currently, progressive download, one of the most popular and
widely deployed streaming techniques, buffers a large amount of video data to absorb the variations of bandwidth.
Meanwhile, as video data are transmitted over HTTP protocols, the video streaming service can be deployed on any web
server.
However, the video quality version can VIDEO streaming is gaining popularity among mobile users recently. Considering
that the mobile devices have limited computational capacity and energy supply, and the wireless channels are highly
dynamic, it is very challenging to provide high quality video streaming services for mobile users consistently. It is a
promising trend to use multiple wire-less network interfaces with different wireless communication techniques for mobile
2. ISSN 2350-1022
International Journal of Recent Research in Mathematics Computer Science and Information Technology
Vol. 2, Issue 1, pp: (47-54), Month: April 2015 – September 2015, Available at: www.paperpublications.org
Page | 48
Paper Publications
devices. For example, smart phones and tablets are usually equipped with cellular, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth interfaces.
Utilizing multiple links simultaneously can improve video streaming in several aspects: the aggregated higher bandwidth
can support video of higher bit rate.
When one wireless link suffers poor link quality or congestion, the others can compensate for it. High resilience to
bandwidth variation and easy deployment are both important requirements for video streaming applications. Currently,
progressive download, one of the most popular and widely deployed streaming techniques, buffers a large amount of
video data to absorb the variations of bandwidth. Meanwhile, as video data are transmitted over HTTP protocols, the
video streaming service can be deployed on any web server. However, the video quality version can only be manually
selected by users and such decision can be error-prone. Since the smart phones only have limited storage space, it is
impractical to maintain a very large buffer size.
In addition, the buffered unwatched video may be wasted if the user turns off the video player or switches to other videos.
Furthermore, progressive download typically does not support transmitting video data over multiple links. To overcome
the above disadvantages of progressive down- load, dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP (DASH) has been proposed.
In a DASH system, multiple copies of pre-compressed videos with different resolution and quality are stored in segments.
The rate adaptation decision is made at the client side. For each segment, the client can request the appropriate quality
version based on its screen resolution, current available bandwidth, and buffer occupancy status. This pull-based DASH
scheme can be extended to support multiple links, i.e., let the client request different parts of one segment over different
links. How to optimize this rate adaptation process for video streaming over multiple wireless links, considering the video
quality of service (QoS) requirements, the wireless channel profiles, and the wireless service costs of multiple links is an
open issue. In the video adaptive streaming, which formulate the multi-link video streaming process as a reinforcement
learning task. For each streaming step, we define a state to describe the current situation, including the index of the
requested segment, the current available bandwidth and other system parameters.
Devices capable of connecting to multiple, overlapping networks simultaneously is becoming increasingly common. For
example, most mobile phone are equipped with WIFI and Bluetooth-interface, and smart phones can typically connect to
both WLANs and 3G mobile networks. At the same time, streaming high-quality video is becoming increasingly popular.
However, due to bandwidth limitations or the unreliable and unpredictable nature of some types of networks, streaming
video can be subject to frequent periods of rebuffering and characterized by a low picture quality.
The multilink-enabled DASH client divides video segments into smaller subsegments, which are requested over multiple
interfaces simultaneously. The size of each subsegment is dynamic and calculated on the fly, based on the throughput of
the different links. This is an improvement over our earlier subsegment approach, which divided segments into fixed size
subsegments. The quality of the video is adapted based on the measured, aggregated throughput. Both the static and the
dynamic subsegment approaches were evaluated with on-demand streaming and quasi-live streaming.
A finite- state Markov Decision Process (MDP) can be modeled for this reinforcement learning task. The reward function
is carefully designed to consider the video QoS requirements, such as the interruption rate, average playback quality, and
playback smoothness, as well as the service costs. To make a trade-off between different QoS metrics and the cost, i can
adjust the parameters of the reward function.
To solve the MDP in real time, quality-adaptive streaming proposed an adaptive best-action search algorithm to obtain a
sub-optimal solution. A realistic testbed is implemented to better evaluate the performance of our solution. The main
contributions of this paper are threefold. Quality-adaptive streaming formulate the video streaming process over multiple
links as an MDP problem. To achieve smooth and high quality video streaming, we define several actions and reward
functions for each state. Second, quality-adaptive streaming propose a depth-first real-time search algorithm. The
proposed adaptation algorithm will take several future steps into consideration to avoid playback interruption and achieve
better smoothness and quality.
Last, quality-adaptive streaming to implement a realistic testbed using an Android phone and Scalable Video Coding
(SVC) encoded videos to evaluate the performance.
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Fig 1. Architecture
For the Video Quality - Adaptive Streaming connect client application with wifi and Bluetooth which send Http
request to fetch the video information.After sending Http request wait for response then once get respone from Http
prepare the download video content to buffer. For Wifi and Bluetooth after download content to buffer it estimate
bandwidth according to throughput of video. Bandwidth sended over to Rate Adaptation agent to calculate which
bandwidth is better to view video content to prepare download.
II. PROPOSED SYSTEM
Video Streaming proposed dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP has been proposed. In a DASH system, multiple
copies of pre-compressed videos with different resolution and quality are stored in segments. Video streaming formulate
the multi-link video streaming process as a reinforcement learning task. For each streaming step, video streaming define a
state to describe the current situation, including the index of the requested segment, the current available bandwidth and
other system parameters. A finite state Markov Decision Process (MDP) can be modeled for this reinforcement learning
task. The reward function is carefully designed to consider the video QoS requirements, such as the interruption rate,
average playback quality, and playback smoothness, as well as the service costs.
Video streaming first how to better allocate the loads between several links with finer granularity. Second, to better
predict the future bandwidth, the most recent estimation of bandwidth should be assigned with a higher weight. Last but
not least, the size of the video segment should be further considered for variable bit rate (VBR) videos to improve the
bandwidth estimation accuracy.
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Quality-adaptive streaming have a smooth and high quality video streaming and also Avoid playback interruption and
achieve better smoothness and quality.
III. PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
The Mobile phone comes with no guarantees about performance, and a vast number of things can delay a streaming
video. There can be problems Latency, Playback fluency, Average playback quality, Playback smoothness and Wireless
service cost.
The video quality version can only be manually selected by users and such decision can be error-prone. Since the smart
phones only have limited storage space, it is impractical to maintain a very large buffer size.
Streaming in varying network conditions can be greatly improved when network conditions are successfully predicted.
Variations in connectivity can be smoothed out over time if those variations can be successfully predicted.
There are a number of problems that will have to be solved to develop good bandwidth prediction algorithms, such as
how to cope with inevitable mispredictions, how to make the prediction algorithm scalable (some algorithms can be
extremely expensive computationally), and how to optimize for perceived quality while at the same time avoiding buffer
underruns and not wasting bandwidth (e.g., ending a streaming session with too much unused video in the buffers).
Understanding the network conditions in mobile networks is crucial when designing streaming policies. It is not possible
to develop adaptive video streaming policies without a solid understanding of the underlying network characteristics, so
the first step to be taken is to experimentally gather knowledge about the network conditions experienced by mobile
receivers.
For a video streaming application, there are only three ways to handle fluctuating network bandwidth: (1) Accept loss of
data, (2) try to outlast the bandwidth starved periods through advanced buffering, and (3) reduce the bitrate of the video
stream according to the bandwidth that is available.
IV. IMPLEMENTATION RESULTS
A. Mobile phone connected to PC via USB:
For Video Quality - Adaptive Streaming here mobile phone connected to PC via USB for install the video download
application. Fig 2 shows connected to PC via USB
Fig 2. Connected to PC via USB
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I. Video Stream:
Here is screen shot explain that send HTTP request to video contain portal which fetch content of video information
to buffer. HTTP is an TCP/IP based communication protocol, which is used to deliver data. Fig 3 shows the Video
Stream- Send HTTP Request.
Fig 3. Video Stream – Send Http Request
It shows some requested video which ready to streaming or download. Once we click the particular video file to buffer in
video device for Http portal.
Fig 4. Customized List View
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II. Video Stream – Buffering:
Buffering the program must wait until the finished video is copied or swapped before starting the new video. A buffer
contains data that is stored for a short amount of time, typically in the phone memory (RAM). The purpose of a buffer is
to hold data right before it is used.
Fig 5. Video Stream – Buffering
III.Video Stream – Bandwidth & Speed:
After buffering it show bandwidth allocated for video and also show the speed for video. Bandwidth is the bit-rate of
available or consumed information capacity expressed typically in metric multiples of bits per second.
Variously, bandwidth may be characterized as network bandwidth, data bandwidth, or digital bandwidth. It shown two
various bandwidth on Rate adaptation agent (Using Bandwidth Aggregation)which allowed better bandwidth to streaming.
Fig. 6 shows the different different bandwidth and speed of video stream
Fig 6. Video Stream – Bandwidth & Speed
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After bandwidth and speed deterninated. The video duration time dependent on video frames. Using Bandwidth
Aggregation here video streaming start and end with same quality Over Multiple Wireless Access Networks.
Fig 7. Video Stream Quality
V. CONCLUSION
In the Video quality-adaptive streaming proposed a real-time adaptive best-action search algorithm for video streaming
over multiple wireless access networks. First, adaptive streaming formulated the video streaming process as an MDP. To
achieve smooth video streaming with high quality. Quality – adaptive streaming to better allocate the loads between
several links for the most recent estimation of bandwidth assigned with higher weight. Video quality-adaptive streaming
can avoid playback interruption to achieve a lower startup latency, higher video quality and better smoothness.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The author would like to thank the Vice Chancellor, Dean-Engineering, Director, Secretary, Correspondent, Principal,
HOD of Computer Science & Engineering, Dr. K.P. Kaliyamurthie, Bharath University, Chennai for their motivation and
constant encouragement. The author would like to specially thank R.Karthikeyan for his guidance and for critical review
of this manuscript and for his valuable input and fruitful discussions in completing the work and the Faculty Members of
Department of Computer Science & Engineering. Also, he takes privilege in extending gratitude to his parents and family
members who rendered their support throughout this Research work.
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