US History Ch 10.1
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George Washington was sworn in as the first President of the United States in New York City in 1789. He was concerned about his lack of experience but felt it was his duty to serve. As the first President, Washington established many precedents for the office, including creating executive departments like Treasury, State, and War and nominating the first Cabinet members. The Judiciary Act of 1789 also established the first federal court system with district courts, courts of appeal, and the Supreme Court, with John Jay as the first Chief Justice.
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1) This document discusses the early foundations of the U.S. government following the ratification of the Constitution in 1789. George Washington was unanimously elected as the first President by the Electoral College and state legislatures.
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Section 1 notes
George Washington was elected the first President of the United States in 1789. He faced many challenges in establishing the new government, including a small army, threats from Native Americans and pirates, and no precedent for the presidency. Washington proved to be a capable leader. Alexander Hamilton established the first cabinet and departments to help Washington lead. Congress also passed the Bill of Rights and established the Supreme Court and other parts of the new government. Hamilton's plans to pay off war debts and establish the Bank of the United States faced opposition but were ultimately approved.
Section 1 Notes
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During the 1860s, American Indian raids increased as soldiers were occupied in the Civil War. This pushed the frontier line in Texas further east at times. In 1865, the Treaty of Little Arkansas was negotiated but the promised reservation was never created. The Treaty of Medicine Lodge in 1867 required Plains Indians to move to a reservation in Indian Territory in exchange for supplies, but some Indians refused to accept reservation life. The Peace Policy of 1869 aimed to prevent war by appointing Quakers as Indian agents, but reservation life was difficult due to poor soil and insufficient supplies from the government.
US History Ch 18.4
John Brown led a raid on the federal arsenal in Harper's Ferry in 1859 hoping to arm slaves and start an uprising. He was captured, convicted of treason, and hanged. His actions increased tensions between northern abolitionists and southern slaveholders. In 1860, Abraham Lincoln was elected president, despite not being on the ballot in many southern states. As southern states increasingly feared the potential end of slavery, seven states seceded from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America, with Jefferson Davis as its president.
US History 18.1
The document summarizes key events around the expansion of slavery and passage of the Compromise of 1850. It discusses the debates over whether new territories gained from Mexico would allow slavery. The Compromise of 1850 admitted California as a free state while establishing popular sovereignty in Utah and New Mexico. It also included a stronger Fugitive Slave Act, which faced opposition from abolitionists and led to incidents like the failed rescue of Anthony Burns.
US History 18.2
The document summarizes events in Kansas Territory in the 1850s surrounding the issue of slavery. It discusses the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854, which allowed popular sovereignty to determine slavery in the territories and repealed the Missouri Compromise banning slavery north of 36°30'. This led northern abolitionists and southern pro-slavery groups to rush into Kansas to influence elections, resulting in violence known as "Bleeding Kansas" between the factions. Key events included the Sack of Lawrence and Pottawatomie Massacre by John Brown, and the beating of Senator Charles Sumner by Congressman Preston Brooks in response to a speech criticizing slavery.
US History 18.3
The document summarizes key political divisions and events in the 1850s leading up to the Civil War. It discusses the formation of the Republican Party in opposition to the expansion of slavery. It outlines the impact of the Kansas-Nebraska Act and the Dred Scott decision, which ruled that African Americans could not be citizens and Congress could not regulate slavery in federal territories. The debates between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas on the issues of slavery and territorial expansion are also summarized.
TX History Ch 19.3
During the administration of Governor Edmund J. Davis, a Republican, Texas underwent Reconstruction from 1869-1873. Davis established a state police force to curb violence by the KKK against African Americans and created the state's first public school system. The Republican legislature also improved transportation infrastructure and raised taxes to fund these initiatives. However, opposition grew from Democrats and white Southerners, who derided the new laws and government. In 1873, Davis lost re-election to Richard Coke as Democrats regained control of the legislature, bringing Reconstruction in Texas to an end.
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US History Ch 10.1
- 1. U.S. History Chapter 10: Launching the New Nation Section 1: Laying the Foundations of Government
- 12. Setting Precedents Secretary of Treasury: Alexander Hamilton Secretary of State: Thomas Jefferson
- 13. Setting Precedents Attorney General: Edmund Randolph Secretary of War: Henry Knox
- 16. District Courts Court of Appeals Supreme Court