The document summarizes the key events of the Texas War of Independence from Mexico between 1835 and 1836. It describes the tensions between Texians (American settlers in Texas) and the Mexican government under Santa Anna, including restrictions on immigration and liberties. This led to conventions seeking reforms and the eventual declaration of independence in 1836. It then outlines major battles like the Alamo and Goliad Massacre, culminating in the decisive Texian victory at San Jacinto where Santa Anna was captured, securing Texas' independence.

1. War of Texas Independence The Emergence of Texas as a Nation

2. Important Things/ People Texians: Whites who lived in Texas Tejano: Mexicans who lived in Texas Santa Anna: Military Dictator of Mexico Sam Houston: Leader of the Texian army William B. Travis: Leader of the Army at the Alamo Jim Bowie: Leader of the Militia at the Alamo Treaty of Velasco: gave Santa Anna safe passage to Mexico in return for his support of Texas Independence

3. Reasons Coahuila y Tejas Federal Republic usurped by dictator Santa Anna Immigration restrictions from the United States No freedom of religion No funding for public education Eliminated right to bear arms and right to a jury trial

4. Battle of Velasco First bloodshed during the War for Independence Mexican commander, Domingo de Ugartechea, tried to prevent Texians from getting a cannon Fighting ensued until Ugartechea exhausted his ammunition and was forced to surrender

5. Convention of 1832 Texans petitioned for reforms: Tariff reductions Lifting immigration restrictions Funding for public education Separation from Coahuila Ultimately failed when Mexican government deemed the Convention illegal

6. Convention of 1833 Had almost the same agenda as the Convention of 1832 A constitution was drafted Stephen F. Austin presented the petitions to the the petitions to the Mexican government In early 1834, he was imprisoned without charges

7. Battle of Gonzales Small Mexican force sent to obtain a cannon from the residents of Gonzales Texian Colonels, Moore and Wallace, fired the cannon at the Mexican force Mexicans retreated after suffering one casualty Origin of the “Come and Take it” flag

9. Convention of 1836 Met on March 1, 1836 for the purpose of writing a Declaration of Independence Declaration of Independence signed on March 2, 1836 Prepared a constitution Established an ad interim (temporary) government

10. Siege and Battle of the Alamo Mexican siege of San Antonio de Bexar began on February 23, 1836 2000 Mexican troops against around 189 Texians Texians took refuge in the Presidio San Antonio de Valero, or the Alamo

12. Pic of unfinished alamo

13. The Alamo cont. William B. Travis led the army, while Jim Bowie led the militia On February 24, William B. Travis wrote his famous letter from the Alamo The siege ended on March 6, when Santa Anna began firing upon the Alamo

14. Pic of letter plaque and “line”

17. The Alamo cont. All of the Texians died, bringing down 600 Mexicans with them Santa Anna left a small group of women and slaves unharmed Historians dispute whether or not Crockett died during the battle The battle provided a huge motivation for all Texans

18. Pic of the “battleground” alamo (aerial)

19. Goliad Massacre Captured Texians were brutally massacred by Santa Anna on March 26, 1836 This violated the “rules of war” Provided another motivation for the Texians

20. Battle of San Jacinto April 21, 1836 Bridges leading out of the Marshland were destroyed by the Texians Texians attacked during the Mexicans siesta Battecry was “Remember the Alamo! Remember Goliad!” Fighting lasted 18 minutes Santa Anna was discovered trying to cross the river. He was wearing regular soldiers clothes.

21. San Jacinto cont. The Texians did not realize who Santa Anna was until he was saluted as “El Presidente” Sam Houston spared Santa Anna’s life in exchange for Texas Independence Santa Anna was promised a safe journey to Mexico if he lobbied for Texas Independence through the Treaty of Velasco

23. Santa Anna’s Journey Santa Anna was detained as a POW for 6 months, the Texians violating their treaty The Mexican government disowned Santa Anna Texas Independence was not recognized by Mexico until the Treaty of Guadalupe- Hidalgo, which ended the Mexican-American War

24. Effects Texas became an independent nation until it became the 28 th state in 1845 Texas is the only state to have ever been its own country