This document provides information on different types of storage devices used in computer systems. It discusses primary storage such as RAM, ROM, and cache that are directly connected to the CPU. Secondary storage devices include hard disks that are not directly accessible by the CPU. Tertiary storage examples are magnetic tapes and optical discs, which involve robotic mechanisms to access large volumes of archived data. Offline storage includes removable media like floppy disks, USB drives, and memory cards that require human insertion before the CPU can access the stored data.

2. Module-1

3. 3
Introduction

4. 4
Data Processing

5. 5
The Five Basic Operations of a Computer System

6. 6
The Five Basic Operations of a Computer
System(Contd.)

7. 7
Basic Organization of Computer System

8. 8
Input Unit

9. 9
Output Unit

10. 10
Storage Unit

11. 11
Types of storage

12. 12
Arithmetic Logic Unit

13. 13
Control Unit

14. 14
Central Processing Unit

15. Input-Output Devices

16. 16
Input Output Devices

17. 17
Role of Input Output Devices

18. 18
Commonly used I/O Devices

19. 19
Keyboard

20. 20
Point and Draw Devices

21. 21
Mouse and JoyStick

22. 22
Electronic Pen

23. 23
Touch Screen

24. 24
Data Scanning Devices

25. 25
Image Scanner

26. 26
Commonly Used Output Devices

27. 27
Types of Output

28. 28
Monitors

29. 29
Types of Monitor

30. 30
Printers- Dot matrix Printer

31. 31
Inkjet Printer

32. 32
Laser Printer

33. Storage Devices

34. 3
Storage Devices
Storage Devices
• A storage device is used in the computers to store
the data.
• Provides one of the core functions of the modern
computer.

35. Storage Devices
Types of Storage
There are four type of storage:
• Primary Storage
• Secondary Storage
• Tertiary Storage
• Off-line Storage
3

36. 3
Storage Devices
Primary Storage
• Also known as main memory.
• Main memory is directly or indirectly connected to
the central processing unit via a memory bus.
• The CPUcontinuously reads instructions stored
there and executes them as required.
• Example:
– RAM
– ROM
– Cache

37. 3
Storage Devices
Primary Storage
RAM
• It is called Random Access Memory because any of
the data in RAM can be accessed just as fast as any
of the other data.
• There are two types of RAM:
– DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory)
– SRAM (Static Random Access Memory)

38. Storage Devices
Primary Storage
RAM
Static RAM Dynamic RAM
• Faster
• More expensive
• More power consumption
• does not need to be refreshed
• Slower
• Less expensive
• Less power consumption
• needs to be refreshed thousands
of times per second
3

39. Storage Devices
Primary Storage
ROM
• This memory is used as the computer
begins to boot up.
• Small programs called firmware are
often stored in ROM chips on hardware
devices (like a BIOS chip), and they
contain instructions the computer can
use in
basic
performing some of the most
operations required to operate
hardware devices.
• ROM memory cannot be easily or
quickly overwritten or modified.
3

40. 4
Storage Devices
Primary Storage
Cache
• Cache is a high-speed access area that can be
either a reserved section of main memory or a
storage device.
• Most computers today come with L3 cache or L2
cache, while older computers included only L1
cache.

41. Storage Devices
41
Secondary Storage
• It is not directly accessible by the CPU.
• Computer usually uses its input/output channels to
access secondary storage and transfers the desired
data using intermediate area in primary storage.
• Example:
– Hard disk

42. Storage Devices
42
Secondary Storage
Hard Disk
Internal Hard disk External Hard disk

43. Storage Devices
43
Secondary Storage
Hard Disk
Internal Hard disk External Hard disk
Portability No Yes
Price Less expensive More expensive
Speed Fast Slow
Size Big Small

44. Storage Devices
44
Tertiary Storage
• Typically it involves a robotic mechanism which will
mount (insert) and dismount removable mass
storage media into a storage device.
• It is a comprehensive computer storage system that
is usually very slow, so it is usually used to archive
data that is not accessed frequently.
• This is primarily useful for extraordinarily large data
stores, accessed without human operators.

45. Storage Devices
45
Tertiary Storage
• Examples:
– Magnetic Tape
– Optical Disc

46. Storage Devices
46
Tertiary Storage
Magnetic Tape
• A magnetically coated
plastic on which data
strip of
can be
encoded.
• Tapes for computers are similar to
tapes used to store music.
• Tape is much less expensive than
other storage mediums but
commonly a much slower solution
that is commonly used for backup.

47. Storage Devices
47
Tertiary Storage
Optical Disc
• Optical disc is any storage media that holds content
in digital format and is read using a laser assembly
is considered optical media.
• The most common types of optical media are
– Blu-ray (BD)
– Compact Disc (CD)
– Digital Versatile Disc (DVD)

48. Storage Devices
• Off-line Storage
• Also known as disconnected or removable
• storage.
• Is a computer data storage on a medium or a
device that is not under the control of a
processing unit.
• It must be insertedor connected by a human
operator before a computer can access it
again.
48

49. Storage Devices
49
Off-line Storage
• Examples:
– Floppy Disk
– Zip diskette
– USB Flash drive
– Memory card

50. Storage Devices
50
Off-line Storage
Memory Card
Secure Digital card (SD) MiniSD Compact Flash Memory Stick
MultiMedia card XD-Picture card Memory card reader

51. Software Types and usage

52. Software

53. Relationship between Hardware and Software

54. Types of Software

55. System software

56. Application Software

57. Logical architecture