The document discusses the history and architecture of Unix. It describes how Unix was developed at AT&T Bell Labs in the 1970s to overcome limitations of Multics. Unix is a portable, multitasking and multi-user operating system written in C and assembly language. It has a monolithic kernel that manages hardware interaction, files, memory, processes and programs. The kernel is accessed through a shell interface and tools/applications. Unix influenced academia and had significant impacts including direct hardware interaction, low-cost software/hardware and adaptability. It treats all files as byte arrays.

1. Presented By-
Shivam Pandey
I.T.
Roll No.- 1303313042

2. What is Unix?
History Of Unix
Architecture of Unix
Impacts of Unix
Need To Know
Unix Vs Windows

3. Portable, Multitasking & Multiuser O/S
Written in C & Assembly Language
Released in October 1973
Available in English
Monolithic Kernel
Open Source Software

4.  Programmable
Source Code
 Available in Different
Flavors-
 Linux
 Ubuntu
 Fedora
 Redhat

5. Failure of Multics(mid 1960s).
Project UNICS was started in 1970.
Developed at AT&T Bell Labs in late
1970s.
Developed by Ken Thompson, Dennis
Ritchie and others.
Written in C and Assembly Language.
Migration from assembly to higher level
language made it portable.

6.  It influenced academic
circles in late 1970s
and early 1980s.
 In late 1990s Unix-like
systems (e.g. Linux )
earn a great
popularity and later on
various flavors of Unix
were launched .

8. The functioning of Unix is framed in three
levels ---
 Kernel :
1. It interacts with actual hardware in
machine language.
2.It also manages files and also carries
out data transfer between file system
and the hardware.

9. 3. Kernel also manages memory and
handles interrupted issues.
4.It also handles programs running in
memory allocation of CPU.
5.Kernel program is stored in a file
called ‘unix’.
 Shell:
1.It is called the mediator.

10. 2.It interprets the commands and
conveys them to kernel.
3.The shell program is stored in a file
called ‘sh’.
 Tools And Applications :
It consists of software of high level
programming language e.g. mail,
FTP,DBMS etc.

11. Unix system has significant impact on other
operating system. It won success by--
 Direct Interaction : Since it was written in C
, so it made more effective the interaction
between user and hardware.
 Providing software at nominal fee for
educational and other uses.
 Running on inexpensive hardware.

12.  Being easy to adapt
and move to different
machines.
 Unix has drastically
simplified model
compared to many
contemporary O/S.
 It treated all kind of
files as simple byte
arrays.

13. Unix-like operating systems (e.g. Linux)
are the fastest growing O/S in the market.
Source code availability provides
availability to “get under the hood” of O/S
design and function.
Unix and unix-like operating system are
virus free.
Unix like O/S are license free.

14.  Unix and unix-like
operating systems are
mostly used by
hackers due to its
security features.

15. Windows is licensed operating system
whereas Unix is free of cost.
Unix is open source software i.e. you can
customize it according to your need
whereas this feature is not provided by
windows.
Unix is virus free operating system
whereas windows can be affected by
viruses.

16.  Unix is more stable
i.e. unix handles high
server load better
than windows and
unix machines rarely
requires reboots while
windows is constantly
needing them.