Distillation is a process that separates liquid mixtures by boiling and condensing their components with different boiling points. There are several types including simple, fractional, vacuum, and azeotropic distillation. Distillation systems generally include a heating source, distillation flask, condenser, and receiving flask. Common applications include separating crude oil fractions in industry and obtaining herbal extracts or alcoholic beverages through distillation.

2. Unit Processing Operation
Distillation
Submitted to: sir Haroon Munir sb
Submitted by: group -7
Members (15127,36,38,43,53,54,67)
semester 4
Government College University Faisalabad

3. Road map
1. Distillation
2. Principle
3. types of distlation
4. Distillation component & operation
5. Example of Distillation
6. Application

4. Distillation
Distillation is a proces in which a liquid or
vapour mixture of two or more substance is
separated into its component fractions of
desired purity by application on and removal of
heat

5. Distillation principle
Separation of components from a liquid mixture through
 difference in boiling points of the individual components
And also depends on the vapours pressure characteristics
of liquid mixture.
Distilation is a physical separation
process and not chemical reaction

6. Types of ditilation
simple distillation
Fractional distillation
Vaccum distillation
Azotropic distillation

7. simple distillation
The only one chain of vaorization and condensation
takes place
Its only applicable if difference of boiling point is
very large like 25-35
It mostly use to separate volitile liquid from non
volatile liquids
It is difficult to get pure substance only by simple
sitillation
Ditilation of sea water
c

8. Fractional distillation
It is another common type of ditillation
It is used to separate liquid having very close boiling
points
It require more evaporation/condensation cycles
For fractional ditillational distillation one
fractionating colum is introced between flask and
condenser.Each gap worker as one cycle

9. Fractional distillation
It is use in petro chemical industr.

10. Vacuum distillation
Vacuum ditillation is a method of distillation whereby
the pressure above the liquid mxiture to be distilled is
reduce to less then its vapor pressure(usually less than
atomospheric pressure)causing evaporation of the
most volatile liquid(s)(those with the lowest boiling
point).

11. Vacuum distillation
This distillation method works on the princple that
boiling occur when the vapor pressure of a liquid
exceeds the ambient pressure
It is use for temperaure sensitive materials like oil
industry.

12. Azotropic Ditillation
It is special type of ditillation which is specifically use
for azotropic mixture
They can not bet distilled directlty as their liquid and
vapour composition are same
In this some components added to create new low
boiling azotrpe
Which create two hetergeneous layers
This can be easily distill
In the production of ethanol to break azotrope of 96%
ehanol and 4%water benzene is added

13. Distillation component & operation
Any simple distillation component composed as
following main parts
Heating source
Distillation flask
Thermometer
Condenser
Receiving flask

14. Distillation operation
In distillation Colum feed put in middle of Colum in feed tray
Feed slowly comedown & re-boil than convert in vapor
Vapor move upward & come in top
It is condensed by condenser & store in
Vessel is called distillate
Some of his condensate again to top is
reflux
There are internal flow of vapor & liquid

15. Cont…
External flow of feed & product streams into out of
Colum

16. Applications of Distillation
o Laboratory scale
o Industry scale
o Herbal distillate
o Food processing

17. Applications of Distillation
o Food processing
The latter two are distinctively different from the two
in the processing of beverages
The distillation is not used as a true purification
method but more to transfer all volattiles from the
source material to the distillate.

18. Example of Distillation
In the fossil fuel industry distillation is a major class of operation in obtaining
materials from crude oil for fuels and for chemical feedstocks.
 Ditillation permits separation of air inton its components notably oxygen, nitrogen
and argon for industerial use.

19. summary
Distillation is a process of separating components by
boiling & condensation
Types – simple, vacuum , fractional & azeotropic
Components
Operation
Application & examples