Queue is an abstract data structure, somewhat similar to Stacks. Unlike stacks, a queue is open at both its ends. One end is always used to insert data (enqueue) and the other is used to remove data (dequeue). Queue follows First-In-First-Out methodology, i.e., the data item stored first will be accessed first.
The power point presentation shows the Implementation of Queue operations using arrays and Linked List. Further, It also demonstrates about Circular queue operations.
Queue is an abstract data structure, somewhat similar to Stacks. Unlike stacks, a queue is open at both its ends. One end is always used to insert data (enqueue) and the other is used to remove data (dequeue). Queue follows First-In-First-Out methodology, i.e., the data item stored first will be accessed first.
The power point presentation shows the Implementation of Queue operations using arrays and Linked List. Further, It also demonstrates about Circular queue operations.
Queues
a. Concept and Definition
b. Queue as an ADT
c. Implementation of Insert and Delete operation of:
• Linear Queue
• Circular Queue
For More:
https://github.com/ashim888/dataStructureAndAlgorithm
http://www.ashimlamichhane.com.np/
What is Stack, Its Operations, Queue, Circular Queue, Priority QueueBalwant Gorad
Explain Stack and its Concepts, Its Operations, Queue, Circular Queue, Priority Queue. Explain Queue and It's Operations
Data Structures, Abstract Data Types
The section provides overview on the concepts of queue and its operations along with static implementation using array. It also explains about circular queue and priority queue.
Queue is an abstract data structure, somewhat similar to Stacks. Unlike stacks, a queue is open at both its ends. One end is always used to insert data (enqueue) and the other is used to remove data (dequeue). Queue follows First-In-First-Out methodology, i.e., the data item stored first will be accessed first.
Queues
a. Concept and Definition
b. Queue as an ADT
c. Implementation of Insert and Delete operation of:
• Linear Queue
• Circular Queue
For More:
https://github.com/ashim888/dataStructureAndAlgorithm
http://www.ashimlamichhane.com.np/
What is Stack, Its Operations, Queue, Circular Queue, Priority QueueBalwant Gorad
Explain Stack and its Concepts, Its Operations, Queue, Circular Queue, Priority Queue. Explain Queue and It's Operations
Data Structures, Abstract Data Types
The section provides overview on the concepts of queue and its operations along with static implementation using array. It also explains about circular queue and priority queue.
Queue is an abstract data structure, somewhat similar to Stacks. Unlike stacks, a queue is open at both its ends. One end is always used to insert data (enqueue) and the other is used to remove data (dequeue). Queue follows First-In-First-Out methodology, i.e., the data item stored first will be accessed first.
Circular Queue is a linear data structure in which the operations are performed based on FIFO (First In First Out) principle and the last position is connected back to the first position to make a circle. It is also called ‘Ring Buffer’.
Water billing management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project entitled “Water Billing Management System” aims is to generate Water bill with all the charges and penalty. Manual system that is employed is extremely laborious and quite inadequate. It only makes the process more difficult and hard.
The aim of our project is to develop a system that is meant to partially computerize the work performed in the Water Board like generating monthly Water bill, record of consuming unit of water, store record of the customer and previous unpaid record.
We used HTML/PHP as front end and MYSQL as back end for developing our project. HTML is primarily a visual design environment. We can create a android application by designing the form and that make up the user interface. Adding android application code to the form and the objects such as buttons and text boxes on them and adding any required support code in additional modular.
MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software. It is a stable ,reliable and the powerful solution with the advanced features and advantages which are as follows: Data Security.MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
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Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONDENSING HEAT EXCHANGERS...ssuser7dcef0
Power plants release a large amount of water vapor into the
atmosphere through the stack. The flue gas can be a potential
source for obtaining much needed cooling water for a power
plant. If a power plant could recover and reuse a portion of this
moisture, it could reduce its total cooling water intake
requirement. One of the most practical way to recover water
from flue gas is to use a condensing heat exchanger. The power
plant could also recover latent heat due to condensation as well
as sensible heat due to lowering the flue gas exit temperature.
Additionally, harmful acids released from the stack can be
reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation. reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation.
Condensation of vapors in flue gas is a complicated
phenomenon since heat and mass transfer of water vapor and
various acids simultaneously occur in the presence of noncondensable
gases such as nitrogen and oxygen. Design of a
condenser depends on the knowledge and understanding of the
heat and mass transfer processes. A computer program for
numerical simulations of water (H2O) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
condensation in a flue gas condensing heat exchanger was
developed using MATLAB. Governing equations based on
mass and energy balances for the system were derived to
predict variables such as flue gas exit temperature, cooling
water outlet temperature, mole fraction and condensation rates
of water and sulfuric acid vapors. The equations were solved
using an iterative solution technique with calculations of heat
and mass transfer coefficients and physical properties.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Planning Of Procurement o different goods and services
Unit ii linear data structures
1. UNIT II LINEAR DATA
STRUCTURES – STACKS AND
QUEUES
TYPES OF QUEUES-
CIRCULAR QUEUE
PRIORITY QUEUE
2. Why?
• Implementation of a linear queue brings the drawback of
memory wastage
• However, memory is a crucial resource that you should always
protect by analyzing all the implications while designing
algorithms or solutions.
• In the case of a linear queue, when the rear pointer reaches the
MaxSize of a queue, there might be a possibility that after a
certain number of dequeue() operations, it will create an empty
space at the start of a queue.
3. • Additionally, this newly created empty space can never be re-
utilized as the rear pointer reaches the end of a queue. Hence,
experts introduced the concept of the circular queue to
overcome this limitation.
• As shown in the figure,
the rear pointer arrives at the beginning
of a queue with the help of a circular
link to re-utilize the empty space to
insert a new element.
• This simple addition of a circular
link resolves the problem of memory
wastage in the case of queue implementation. Thus, this
particular type of queue is considered the best version of a queue
data structure.
4. What is Circular Queue in a Data
Structure?
• A circular queue is an extended version of a linear queue as it
follows the First In First Out principle with the exception that
it connects the last node of a queue to its first by forming a
circular link.
• Hence, it is also
called a Ring Buffer.
• The circular queue
resolves the memory
wastage problem with
the help of a circular
link.
5. • Now you will understand how you can achieve circular
incrementation, with the help of an example.
• Let’s say the MaxSize of your queue is 5, and the rear pointer
has already reached the end of a queue.
• There is one empty space at the beginning of a queue, which
means that the front pointer is pointing to location 1.
6. Operations on Circular Queue:
• Front: Get the front item from queue.
• Rear: Get the last item from queue.
• enQueue(value) This function is used to insert an element into the circular
queue. In a circular queue, the new element is always inserted at Rear position.
– Check whether queue is Full – Check ((rear == SIZE-1 && front == 0) ||
(rear == front-1)).
– If it is full then display Queue is full. If queue is not full then, check if (rear
== SIZE – 1 && front != 0) if it is true then set rear=0 and insert element.
• deQueue() This function is used to delete an element from the circular queue.
In a circular queue, the element is always deleted from front position.
– Check whether queue is Empty means check (front==-1).
– If it is empty then display Queue is empty. If queue is not empty then step 3
– Check if (front==rear) if it is true then set front=rear= -1 else check if
(front==size-1), if it is true then set front=0 and return the element.
7. Insertion in Circular Queue
Step 1 : If FRONT = (REAR + 1) % MAXSIZE : then
Write : “Queue Overflow” and return.
[End of If structure]
Step 2 : Read NUM to be inserted in Circular Queue.
Step 3 : If FRONT= -1 : then
Set FRONT = REAR =0.
Else Set REAR=(REAR + 1) % MAXSIZE.
[End of If Else structure]
Step 4 : Set CQUEUE[REAR]=NUM;
Step 5 : Exit
8. Deletion of Circular Queue
Step 1 : If FRONT = - 1 : then
Write : “Queue Underflow” and return.
[End of If Structure]
Step 2 : Set NUM = CQUEUE[FRONT].
Step 3 : Write ‘Deleted element from circular queue is :
",NUM.
Step 4 : If FRONT = REAR : then
Set FRONT = REAR = -1;
Else Set FRONT = (FRONT + 1) % MAXSIZE.
Step 5 : Exit
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17. Applications of Circular Queue
The circular Queue can be used in the following scenarios:
• Memory management: The circular queue provides memory
management. As we have already seen that in linear queue, the
memory is not managed very efficiently. But in case of a circular
queue, the memory is managed efficiently by placing the elements in
a location which is unused.
• CPU Scheduling: The operating system also uses the circular queue
to insert the processes and then execute them.
• Traffic system: In a computer-control traffic system, traffic light is
one of the best examples of the circular queue. Each light of traffic
light gets ON one by one after every interval of time. Like red light
gets ON for one minute then yellow light for one minute and then
green light. After green light, the red light gets ON.
19. USAGE SCENARIOS
A theatre with seats. The catch is that the first row alone has royal seats, while
the other rows have normal seats, The royal seats are for special or VIP
visitors. The normal seats, on the other hand, are for normal people. Here, all
the people enter in a queue, but only the prioritized members get the front
seats. The other people have to sit behind all the priority members. In the same
way, a priority queue maintains priority for each element. It works as a queue
with applied priority.
20. What is priority queue?
• A priority queue is a collection of elements where the elements
are stored according to their priority levels. The order in which
the elements get added or removed is decided by the priority of
the element.
• Following rules are applied to maintain a priority queue
(1) The element with a higher priority is processed before any element of
lower priority.
(2) If there are elements with the same priority, then the element added
first in the queue would get processed.
21. • Basically, in priority queues, the data does not follow the FIFO
order. The order of data is by the order of their priority. So, the
data gets into the queue, gets recorded based on priority, and
then comes out.
• Generally, the order of priority will be from lower to higher,
that is, element with priority value ‘0’ will come first. This can
be changed based on design.
• Priority queues are used for implementing job scheduling by
the operating system where jobs with higher priorities are to be
processed first.
• Another application of Priority queues is simulation systems
where priority corresponds to event times.
22. Implementation
• Priority queue can be implemented using an array, a
linked list, a heap data structure, or a binary search
tree.
• Among these data structures, heap data structure
provides an efficient implementation of priority
queues.
• The access modes of the priority queue are the same
as normal queue. ‘Enqueue’ is used to send data unit
in, ‘Dequeue’ is used to take data unit out.
24. # A simple implementation of Priority Queue
# using Queue.
class PriorityQueue(object):
def __init__(self):
self.queue = []
def __str__(self):
return ' '.join([str(i) for i in self.queue])
# for checking if the queue is empty
def isEmpty(self):
return len(self.queue) == 0
# for inserting an element in the queue
def insert(self, data):
self.queue.append(data)
# for popping an element based on Priority
def delete(self):
try:
max = 0
for i in range(len(self.queue)):
if self.queue[i] > self.queue[max]:
max = i
item = self.queue[max]
del self.queue[max]
return item
except IndexError:
print()
exit()
if __name__ == '__main__':
myQueue = PriorityQueue()
myQueue.insert(12)
myQueue.insert(1)
myQueue.insert(14)
myQueue.insert(7)
print(myQueue)
while not myQueue.isEmpty():
print(myQueue.delete())
25. APPLICATIONS OF QUEUES :
1. Round Robin technique for processor scheduling is
implemented using queues.
2. All types of customer service (like railway ticket
reservation ) center software’s are designed using
queues to store customers information.