2nd Lecture in our NCM 104 CD class.

2. Common Cold
H1N1
Influenza

3. Diptheria
Pertussis
PTB
Pneumonia
Streptococcal Sore throat And
Scarlet Fever

4. An acute usually afebrile viral infection
caused by inflammation of the upper
respiratory tract.
filtrable virus
Rhinovirus, Adenovirus

5. 1-4 days
Airborne
Droplet contact with
contaminated objects
Hand to hand transmission or indirect
Nasopharynx

6.  Frequent sneezing
 Headache,tearyeyes,watery eyes
 Myalgia
 Arthralgia
 Chills-early afternoon fever and
accpd. By chilly sensation
 Scratchy throat , runny nose
 Hacking,non-productive cough

7.  Hacking,non-productive cough
 Diminished sense of taste,smell and
hearing
 Blocked nasal passages with
continuous watery discharges

8.  Sinusitis
 Otitis Media
 Bronchopneumonia
 Primary treatment Aspirin or
Acataminophen
 Fluids
 Decongestants
 Sorethroat lozenges
 Steam inhalation

9. 1) Complete bed rest
2) Administration of antibiotic/doctors
order
3) Health education

10.  Highly contagious infection of the
respiratory tract that results from 3
types of myxovirus influenza.
 Affects all age group, the incidence
highest in school children, severity is
greatest in the very young elderly people
and those with chronic diseases.

11. MOST prevalent, strikes
every year
strikes annually found in
smaller epidemics every 4-6 years
found in sporadic cases endemic

12. through inhalation of a respiratory
droplet from an infected person or by
indirect contact.
secretions from
upper respiratory tract .
until
5th day of illness
24-48 hours.

13. Invades the
respiratory mucosa
Damages ciliated epithelium
of the trachea bronchial tree
Making it vulnerable
to secondary infection
Severe reactions
Serosanguinous discharge
Complication

14. Joint Pain
 Onset is sudden,  Non-productive
chilly sensation, cough and
hyperpyrexia occationally laryngitis
 Headache  Conjunctivitis
 Malaise  Rhinitis
 Myalgia  Rhinorrhea
 Hoarseness

15.  Pneumonia
 Reyes syndrome
 Myositis
 Myocarditis
Blood Examination

16.  Active Immunization
 Educate the public and health care
personnel in basic personal hygiene
 Client should receive the vaccine
annually
1. Elderly
2. People who have poor immunity
3. Conditions such as D.M., Lung
Disease, Kidney disease, Heart
disease, Liver disease

17. 1. Bed rest
2. Adequate fluid intake
3. Aspirin or Acetaminolphen
4. Guaifenesin or another expectorant
Amantadine Symmetrel

18. 1) Advise the pt. to use of
mouthwashes.
2) Increase fluid intake
3) Screen visitors
4) Teach the patient proper disposal of
tissue and proper handwashing
technique to prevent the virus from
spreading.

19. 5) Watch for s/s of developing
pneumonia
 Such as cracks,coughing accompanied
by purulent bloody sputum.

20.  acute highly contagious toxin
mediated infection caused by coryne
bacterium diphteriae
 Gram (+) rod that usually infects the
respiratory primarily the tonsils,
nasophayrnx, larynx usually
producing a membranous pharyngitis

21. Corynebacterium Diphtheriae
(Klebs Loeffler Bacillus)
Contact with patient or carrier or with
articles soiled with discharges of
infected persons.
2-5 days

22. 2-4 weeks in untreated patient
1-2 days in treated patient
Discharges from the nose, pharynx eyes
or lesions on other parts of the body of
infected persons.
Pseudomembrane

23. A. Nasal with serosanguinous secretions
from the nose with foul smell
B. Tonsilar low fatality rate
C. Nasopharyngeal
D. Wound or cutaneous diphtheria

24. 1) Feeling of fatigue
2) Malaise
3) Slight sorethroat and elevation of
temperature usually not exceeding 380C
4) Cervical Adenitis with tenderness of the
glands occur
5) Inflammatory reactions is initiated by
the body and exudate consisting of
leukocytes and RBC and necrotic tissues
begins to form

25. ~ opening created by incision
Nose and Throat Swab
Schick Test
– To determine the
susceptibility or immunity in
diphtheria
Moloney Test
– Hypersensitivity in diphtheria

26. – inflammation of the heart muscle
– paralysis of the soft palate
paralysis of ciliary muscles of the
eye,pharynx,larynx or extremities
– respiratory failure esp. laryngeal
type reactions tends to stagnate
due to paralysis of the diaphragm

27. Neutralization of Toxin
DAT
ADS
Fractional desensitising doses
Fractional doses are given in positive
cases with the following cases:
0.05 ml (1:20 dilution) SQ
0.05 ml (1:10 Dilution)
0.10 ml undiluted SQ

28. Neutralization of Toxin
DAT
ADS
Fractional desensitising doses
Fractional doses are given in positive
cases with the following cases:
0.20 ml undiluted SQ
0.50 ml undiluted IM
0.10 mil undiluted IV

29.  Destruction of Microorganism Giving of
Penicillin
 Erythromycin 40 mg/kg BW in 4 doses x
7-10 days

30. a) Maintenance of Adequate nutrition
b) Maintenance of adequate fluid and
electrolyte balance
c) Bed rest
d) Oxygen inhalation

31. 1) Bed rest for at least 2 weeks patient not
permitted to bathe
2) Diet soft diet small frequent feeding is
advised
3) Fruit Juices rich vit.C to maintain the
alkalinity of the blood
4) Ice collar applied to the neck

32. Immunization
Mandatory DPT immunization of babies
ORAL HYGIENE

33. Is a highly contagious respiratory
infection usually caused by the non-
motile gram (–) negative coccobacillus
Bacterial infection Bordetella pertussis

34.  7-14 days
 7-10 days
– direct and indirect contact
– secretions from the nose and
throat of infected person contain
the causative organism.

35. 1. Catarrhal stage or Invasive Period
Coryza, sneezing lacrimation and
dry bronchial cough
Cough becomes an irritating,
hacking and nocturnal becoming
more severe
This stage last for about 1-2 weeks

36. 2. Paroxysmal Stage
 7th -14th day
Cough becomes spasmodic and
recurrent with excessive explosive
outburst in series of rapid cough in
one expiration
Each cough characteristically ends
in a loud crowing inspiratory whoop
and chocking on mucus that
causes vomiting

37. 2. Paroxysmal Stage
•Nose bleed
•increase venous
pressure
•periorbitaledema
•conjunctival
haemorrhage
•Rectal prolapse

38. 3. Convalescent stage
Paroxysmal coughing and vomiting
gradually subside
•Pneumonia
•Atelectasis
•Convulsions
•Bronchopneumonia – most
dangerous complication

39. 3. Convalescent stage
Paroxysmal coughing and vomiting
gradually subside
•Severe malnutrition – due
to persistent vomiting.

40.  Nasopharyngeal swabs
 Sputum culture
 Fluorescent Antibody screening of
nasopharyngeal smears provides quicker
result than cultures but it is less reliable
 WBC usually increased in children older
than 6 months

41. 1) Supportive Therapy
 Fluid and electrolytes replacement
 Adequate nutrition
 Oxygen Therapy in apnea
2) Antibiotic Erthromycin, Ampicillin to
eliminate infection
3) Hyperimmune Convalescent serum
gamma globulin are found effective

42.  Isolation and Medical asepsis should
be carried out
 During paroxysm the patient should
NOT BE LEFT ALONE
 Suctioning equipment should be
ready at all times for emergency use
to avoid obstruction of airway.
 Sunshine and fresh air are important
but the patient should be protected

43.  The child shld. be kept as quiet as
possible since activity and excitement
 Provide warm baths , keep the bed dry
and free from soiled linens
 I and O shld be monitored
 Abdominal binder

44. Immunization DPT Active

45.  Koch’sdisease, Phthisis, Consumption
disease
 Acute chronic infection caused by
mycobacterium tuberculosis
– Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

46. – 2 -10 weeks
– The patient is capable of discharching
the organism all throughout life if he
remains untreated highly communicable
during its active phase
– Direct and indirect contact

47. – sputum ,blood from hemoptysis, nasal
discharges and saliva
Human inhalation – gains entrance in
the body by inhaled through respiratory
tract
Bovine – ingestion enters the body via
GIT by the swallowing of the bacteria

48. ○ Slight lesion without demonstrable
excavation confined to a small
part of one or both lungs
○ 1 or both lungs may be involved
○ Lesions more extensive than
moderate

49.  Tuberculin Test is positive
 X-ray of chest generally progressive
 Symptoms of TB are absent
 Sputum is absent for tubercle
bacilli after repeated examination
 No evidence of cavity on chest X-ray

50.  Afternoon rise in temperature
 High sweating
 Body malaise and weight loss
 Cough dry to productive
 Dyspnea- hoarseness of voice
 Hemoptysis – considered
pathognomonic to the disease
 Occasional chest pains
 Sputum positive for AFB

51.  Chest X-Ray
 Sputum Exam for Acid Fast Bacilli
 Tuberculin Testing
Mantoux test – PPD intradermal
Tine Test

52. – 6 months
INH, Isoniazid, Rifampicin, PZA,
Ethambutol
– 2 months
Rifampicin 450 mg 1 hr before meal
INH 300 mg
PZA 1,000- 1,500 mg / hr after break fast

53. – 1 year
Streptomycin SO4
INH tablet

54. A. Isolation
B. Administer medicine as ordered
C. Check sputum always for blood or
purulent expectoration
D. Encourage questions conversation to air
their feelings
E. Teach or educate patient all about TB
F. Encourage to stop smoking
G. Proper disposal of sputum
H. Plenty of rest and eat balanced meals

55.  Submit allbabies for BCG
immunization
 Avoid overcrowding
 Chest X-ray , tuberculin Test

56. acute infection of the lung parenchyma
 Streptococcal pneumonia
 Staphylococcus Aureus
 Hemophillus influenza
 Klibsiela pneumonia

57. 1-3 days with sudden onset of shaking
chills rapidly rising fever and stabbing
chest pains aggravated by coughing and
respiration
Droplet infection from mouth, nose of an
infected person
Indirect contact contaminated objects

58.  CAP – Community Acquired
Pneumonia – acquired in the course of
Daily life
 Hospital Acquired Pneumonia
 Aspiration Pneumonia – Foreign
matter is inhaled ( aspirated) into the
lungs
 Pneumonia caused by Opportunistic
organism immune system

59.  Broncho Pneumonia
– Lobular or Catarrhal Pneumonia
 Lobar pneumonia (croupous Pneumonia)
Consolidation of the entire lobe
manifested by chills, chest pain on
breathing, cough with blood streaked
sputum

60.  Primary atypical pneumonia
(Virus pneumonia)
Solidification of the lung that comes
in patches
Cough is often delayed in appearing
greenish to whitish secretions

61. 1) Stage of Lung Engorgement
2) Red Hepatization
3) GrayHepatization
4) Stage of Resolution
○ Infammatory exudates is either
absorbed by the blood stream or
expectorated

62.  Chest X – Ray
 Sputum Analysis
 Blood Serologic Exam

63. Antimicrobial Therapy varies with
the causative agent
Supportive Management
 Humidified oxygen therapy for hypoxia
 Mechanical ventilation respiratory
failure
 High caloric diet and adequate fluid
intake
 Analgesic to relieve pleuritic pain chest
 Expectorant

64. 1) Maintain a patent airway
2) Adequate oxygenation
3) Deep breathing Excercises
 Turning the patient from side to side
 Change wet clothing

65. Penicillin, Erythromycin

66. Is an infection caused by GROUP A BETA
HEMOLYTIC streptococcus bacteria
Group A Beta Hemolytic Streptococcus

67. Direct and Indirect Contact
– 2-5 days or 1 week

68. Fever and sorethroat
rashes start to appear
already because Group A Beta Hemolytic
releases toxins
Erythrogenic Toxin
Pastia Line – are minute red spot on
skin fold
Trunk entire body involves the extremities

69. Fever and sorethroat
rashes start to appear
already because Group A Beta Hemolytic
releases toxins
Tongue also exhibits specific
characteristics sign 2 days it will have
a white coating through which red and
edematous

70. Fever and sorethroat
rashes start to appear
already because Group A Beta Hemolytic
releases toxins
White strawberry tongue after 2 days
the tongue desquamate red strawberry
tongue later raspberry tongue

71. Fever and sorethroat
rashes start to appear
already because Group A Beta Hemolytic
releases toxins

72.  Throat Swab
 Dicks Test
– test to determine the
susceptibility to scarlet fever
 Charlton Test
– Hypersensitivity of the
individual to scarlet fever
antitoxin

73. STREPTOCOCCAL SORETHROAT
– Erythromycin
SCARLET FEVER
– Penicillin

74. 1) Oral Hygiene Use oral Antiseptic
2) Skin C are – Finger nails shld be
short and clean
3) Do not apply alcohol
4) Avoid use of laundry soap