Small group presentation which was done during our physiology days under the guidance of Prof. Sampath Gunawardena senior lecturer in department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine University of Ruhuna.

1. Restrictive Lung
Disease
Deegala S.A.
Deemanthi M.N.
Dias P.G.N.J.
Dilanka I.W.G.M.
Dinuraji K.S.H.

2.  What are the main types of lung diseases?
 Characteristic of the restrictive lung disease
 Different causes for restrictive lung disease
 Identification of restrictive lung disease by
lung function test
 Comparison between obstructive airway
disease and restrictive lung disease
Objectives

3. Lung Diseases
Obstructive
Airway Disease
Restrictive
Lung Disease
Pulmonary
Circulation
Disease

4. Restrictive lung disease
Intrinsic factors
• Diseases of lung
parenchyma (lung
fibrosis)
• Inflammation or
scarring of lung tissue
Extrinsic factors
• Extra parenchymal disease
• Thoracic cage disorders
(Scoliosis, Kyphosis)
• Disorders affecting pleura
(Pleural thickening,
Pneumothorax)
• Neuromuscular disorders
(Respiratory muscle paralysis)

5. • Occupational and environmental factors
silica dust - silicosis
asbestos fibers - asbestosis
• Radiation treatment
• Smoking
Factors that affect lung tissue

6. • Medications
chemotherapy drugs - methotrexate
antiarrhythmic drug - amiodarone
• Medical conditions
Pneumonia
Tuberculosis
Rheumatoid arthritis
Factors that affect lung tissue contd.

7. Pulmonary fibrosis occurs when lung tissue
becomes damaged and scarred. This thickened,
stiff tissue makes it more difficult for lungs to
expand
Because of lung fibrosis
elasticity
compliance
Intrinsic factors

8. Lung compliance in pulmonary fibrosis

9. • Signs and symptoms of pulmonary fibrosis
Shortness of breath (dyspnea)
Dry cough
Fatigue
Unexplained weight loss
Aching muscles and joints
Pulmonary fibrosis

10. • Complications
Pulmonary hypertension
Right heart failure
Respiratory failure
Lung cancer
Pulmonary fibrosis contd.

11. • Difficulty in expansion of lungs reduces the
ventilation
• Reduces gas exchange
• Pco2 increases in blood while Po2 decreases
• Hypercapnoea and Hypoxia lead to elevation
of blood H+ and reduces the blood pH
Changes in blood gas levels in
pulmonary fibrosis

12. Diagnosis
•Chest X-ray
•Lung function test
•CT scan
•Echocardiogram
•Lung biopsy

13. A spirometer will measure how much air can be
exhaled after a maximal inspiration
Lung function test

14.  Restricted lung expansion effectively reduce
 Total lung capacity (TLC)
 Vital capacity (VC)
 Forced vital capacity (FVC)
 Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)
Lung function test in lung fibrosis

15.  But FEV1/FVC ratio remains normal because
FEV1 and FVC both reduced proportionately or
ratio may be high
 Peak expiratory flow rate will be reduced in
severe restrictive lung diseases
Lung function test in lung fibrosis contd..

16. Lung function test in lung fibrosis contd..

17. Obstructive air
way disease
Restrictive lung
disease
FEV1
FVC
FEV1/FVC normal
compliance
elasticity
FEV1
FVC normal or reduced
FEV1/FVC

18. Lung function test in lung fibrosis contd..
0

19. • Pulmonary fibrosis cannot be reversed
• Some treatments reduce the symptoms and
slow the progress of the disease
Treatments and drugs for lung
fibrosis

20. • Treatment
Initially treated with a corticosteroid
Sometimes in combination with other drugs that
suppress the immune system
e.g. - cyclosporine
Oxygen therapy (not very effective if the
pulmonary ventilation is significantly reduced)
Treatments and drugs for lung
fibrosis contd.

21.  Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology 24th
Edition
 Hutchison’s clinical methods 23rd Edition
 Kumar & Clarks Clinical Medicine
 Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology
 http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions
 http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/pubmed
.html
References

22. Special thanks to
Dr. Sampath Gunawardena
Senior Lecturer
Department of Physiology

23. Thank you