This document defines key fashion and apparel terms like style, fashion, garment, silhouette, and provides descriptions of different fashion markets like haute couture, prêt-a-porter, and mass market. It also discusses the fashion design process and elements of garment construction like seams, darts and bodice. International fashion weeks are covered where designers showcase collections six months before each season. Areas of menswear, womenswear, kids fashion and accessories are briefly outlined.

2. BE
FASHIONABLE.
STAY
FASHIONABLE.
LOOK
FASHIONABLE.
FASHION. The universal language of every soul.

3. Understanding fashion includes knowing many specific fashion and
apparel terms.
What is Style??
A particular design, shape or type of apparel item. The style of the garment
is determined by the distinct features that create its overall appearance.
What is fashion??
The display of the currently popular style of clothing. A fashion is the
prevailing type of clothing that is favored by a large segment of the public
at any given time and influenced by Social, Political, Economical and
Artistic media.
What is difference between style and fashion??
Styles come and go. Fashion is always here in some form. Fashion reflects
a continuing process of change in the styles of apparel that are accepted

4. What is Apparel?
Any and all men’s, women’s, and children’s wear
clothing is called as an ‘Apparel’
What is Garment?
Any article of apparel, such as a dress, suit, coat,
evening gown or sweater.
What is Garment components?
Any part of garment like sleeves, cuff, collar,
waistband, etc are called as Garment components
.

5. Fashion is a general term for a popular style or practice,
especially in
clothing
footwear
accessories
make up
body piercing or
furniture
Fashion refers to a distinctive and often habitual trend in the style
with which a person dresses, as well as to prevailing styles in
behaviour.
Fashion also refers to the newest creations of textile
designers. The more technical term, costume, has become so
linked to the term "fashion“.

6. A combination of:
 Line
 Shape
 Color
 Texture
 Pattern

7. Chic and stylish
Dior ,Chanel,
Yves Saint
Laurent
Casual elegance
Valentino, Milan Fair
Unorthodox clothes
Vivienne Westwood
Clean-cut & casual
Calvin Klein,
Ralph Lauren
PARIS
MILAN LONDON
NEW YORK

8.  Work a year in advance
 2 seasons:
› Spring/Summer (lightweight)
› Autumn/Winter (heavier fabrics)

9. International fashion week happen during August till September.
Designers showcase their collection six months before the season.
Buyers go to fashion shows & note down the details of dresses according to their
budget.
There are two main seasons:- spring-summer, autumn-winter….
Company’s profit or loss depends on buyer because they are the one responsible for
taking the dresses.
Merchandiser’s are the people who tells what sells more. They are the one’s when
stock it. He plans the layout the store.
Both require different fashion look & a new range of colors & fabric design for the
time of year.
•Light weight fabrics in summer..
•Heavy weight fabrics in winter..

10. International fashion week happen during August till September.
Designers showcase their collection six months before the season.
Buyers go to fashion shows & note down the details of dresses according to their
budget.
There are two main seasons:- spring-summer, autumn-winter….
Company’s profit or loss depends on buyer because they are the one responsible for
taking the dresses.
Merchandiser’s are the people who tells what sells more. They are the one’s when
stock it. He plans the layout the store.
Both require different fashion look & a new range of colors & fabric design for the
time of year.
•Light weight fabrics in summer..
•Heavy weight fabrics in winter..

11. Haute-Couture (hi – fashion)
Prêt-A-Porter (ready to wear)
Mass market

12. • French for "high sewing" or "high dressmaking" or "high fashion“ ,
refers to the creation of exclusive custom-fitted clothing.
• Haute couture is made to order for a specific customer’s or wearer’s
measurements and body stance, and it is usually made from high-
quality, expensive fabric and sewn with extreme attention to detail and
finished by the most experienced and capable seamstresses, often
using time-consuming, hand-executed techniques.
• "Couture" means dressmaking, sewing, or needlework and
"Haute" means elegant or high.
• Haute Couture is a "protected name" that can be used only by firms
that meet certain well-defined standard

13. Avant garde: The most daring and wild designs. They are unconventional and
startling.

16.  or prêt-à-porter is the term for factory-made clothing, sold in
finished condition, in standardized sizes.
 Designers produce ready-to-wear clothing intended to be worn
without significant alteration, because clothing made to standard
sizes fits most people.
 They use standard patterns, factory equipment, and faster
construction techniques to keep costs low, compared to a custom-
sewn version of the same item.
 In high-end fashion, ready-to-wear collections are usually
presented by fashion houses each season during a period known
as Fashion Week.
 The Fall/Winter shows take place in February, and the
Spring/Summer collections are shown in September.

18.  is ready-to-wear garments in mass.
 is available in large quantities and standard
measurements.
 use’s cheap materials or fabrics, creatively
used, to produce affordable fashion.
 use simple production techniques therefore
to sell at cheaper rates.
 are fashion available both in brands and on
streets.

20. Silhouette: The shape of the clothing style.
It is formed by the width and length of the
neckline, sleeves, waistline and pants or skirts.
If you were to squint your eyes and look at a
suit, dress or coat, the outline (shape) of the
garment would show its silhouette.
Silhouettes are always changing in fashion.
The general direction that a silhouette takes
(wider-narrower-longer-shorter) shows a
fashion trend.

21. Silhouette of fashion cycle
Three specific silhouettes have separately rise, and fall in popularity;
@BELL
STRAIGHT-
TUBULER
BUSTLE-BACK
FULLNESS
BELL

22. Fad: A temporary, passing fashion. It is an item or look that has great appeal to many
people for a short period of time.
Ti is usually pout of the ordinary. A fad becomes popular fast, and the dies out quickly.
Craze: Craze is like a fashion because it is a passing love for a new fashion. However,
this has a display of emotion or crowd excitement with it. Store have a hard time
keeping such items in stock because people are so eager to buy them.

23. Classic: An item of clothing that continues
to be popular even though fashion changes.
It is always acceptable.
Classics were originally fashion items, but
their general appeal and simple stylelines
have kept them popular.
They can worn year after year.
Examples of classics: White dress shirts,
dark business suits, pleated skirts, loafer
shoes, blues jeans, and salwar kameez.

24. Wardrobe: all the apparel a person owns,
a wardrobe includes all of your garments
and accessories.
Accessories: are the articles needed to
complete or enhance your needs, like
belt, ties. Hats, jewelry, shoes, gloves etc
.

25. Knock offs or high street : lower priced copies
of garments.
They are produced in high quantity with lower
priced materials. Copies of Haute Couture
garments are made in quantity by high prices
manufacturer- they look like the original, but the
price had been reduced.
Some of the top high fashion brands are,
@ Zara
@ Mango
@ Sisley

26. • It is claimed that Zara needs just two weeks to develop a
new product and get it to stores, compared to the six-month
industry average, and launches around 10,000 new designs
each year.
• Zara has resisted the industry-wide trend towards
transferring fast fashion production to low-cost countries.
• Perhaps its most unusual strategy was its policy of zero
advertising; the company preferred to invest a percentage of
revenues in opening new stores instead.
• This has increased the idea of Zara as a "fashion imitator"
company and low cost products. Lack of advertisement is
also in contrast to direct competitors such as Uniqlo and
United Colors of Benetton

27.  Designing:-
 Need to have inspiration.
 Can combine a collection.
 Designer make samples.
 After the groundwork is completed for the nature of the collection the designer
must decide how many and what type of garments should be included in the
collection.
 Usually they have a three month period to design, produce and publicize. The
collection in time for their fashion show.
 Press and buyers get their first look at the collection at the show.
Theme:-
 A designer selects a theme that represents their collection. It can be a period in
history, a foreign place, a range of colors, a type of fabric.

28. @ Seams are the lines of stitches that join two garment to
pieces together.
Fit: The fit of a garment refers to how tight or loose it fits on
the person who is wearing it. A good fit means that the
garment is the right size and does not pull tightly or sag
loosely when worn. Garment can be designed to be loose,
semi fitted or fitted to achieve different fashion looks.
@ Darts are short, tapered, stitched areas that takes out excess
fabric in to it and enable the garment to fit the figure.
@ Bodice: the bodice of a garment is the area above the
waist, such as the upper part of a dress or jumpsuit. The
bodice is usually closely fitted and is distinguished by a seam
at the waistline.

29. Area Brief Market
Women’s day wear Practical, comfortable,
fashionable
Haute-couture, ready-to-
wear, mass market
Women’s evening wear Glamorous,
sophisticated, suited for
occasions
Haute-couture, ready-to-
wear, mass market
Women’s lingerie Glamorous, comfortable,
washable
Haute-couture, ready-to-
wear, mass market
Men’s day wear Casual, practical,
comfortable
Tailoring, ready-to-wear
Men’s evening wear Smart, elegant, formal,
apt for occasion
Tailoring, ready-to-wear
Kid’s wear Trendy or classy,
practical, washable,
functionable
Ready-to-wear, mass
market
Teenage girl wear Colorful, comfortable,
glamorous, pretty
Ready-to-wear, mass
market

30. Area Brief Market
Jean’s wear Unisex, democratic,
comfortable, practical,
functional
Ready-to-wear, mass
market
Sport’s wear Comfortable, practical,
well ventilated,
washable, functional
Ready-to-wear, mass
market
Knit wear Right weight and color
for the season
Ready-to-wear, mass
market
Outer wear Stylish, warm, Right
weight and color for the
season
Ready-to-wear, mass
market
Bridal wear Sumptuous, glamorous,
classic
Haute-couture, ready-to-
wear, mass market
accessories Striking, fashionable Haute-couture, ready-to-
wear, mass market

31. • Designers have to
predict what will be in
style, they look at past
trends, what worked
and what else is going
on in environment to
identify trends.