The document summarizes human reproductive anatomy and the processes of gametogenesis, hormone regulation of the reproductive cycles, conception, and embryonic development. It describes in detail the external and internal sex organs of both males and females, including the gonads, ducts, and glands. It explains the production of eggs and sperm via meiosis, highlighting differences in oogenesis and spermatogenesis. Hormonal control of the reproductive cycles by the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and gonads is also summarized.
This document provides an overview of human reproductive anatomy and processes. It describes the key external and internal organs of both the male and female reproductive systems. It also summarizes gamete formation through spermatogenesis and oogenesis, the hormonal control of the reproductive cycles, conception and early embryonic development, menopause, and key differences between male and female reproductive cycles and hormone regulation.
Male reproductive system by Pandian M, tutor, Dept of Physiology, DYPMCKOP,MHPandian M
Male reproductive functions
The male reproductive tract
Sagittal segments of testes and epididymis
Adolescence
General Physical Changes
Stages of spermatogenesis
Structure of the human spermatozoon.
Pathway for the passage of sperms
Semen
Composition & function
Capacitation
Factors affecting spermatogenesis
Hormones necessary for spermatogenesis
Functions of testosterone
Disorders of sexual development / applied
This document summarizes male reproductive physiology. It discusses the structures of the male reproductive system including the testes, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles and prostate. It explains spermatogenesis, the process by which sperm are produced in the testes. Ejaculation and the components of semen are also described. Fertilization and the process by which a single sperm fuses with an egg to determine sex of the offspring are summarized in less than three sentences.
Human reproduction involves complex anatomy and behavior. Spermatogenesis in males and oogenesis in females both involve meiosis, but differ in that males continuously produce sperm from puberty, while females are born with a finite number of eggs and release one per menstrual cycle. The male reproductive system includes internal testes and ducts for sperm transport, and external genitals for copulation. The female system includes internal ovaries and ducts for egg transport and development, and external genitals for reproduction and birth.
Overview of reproductive physiology and anatomymukemilawol
The male reproductive system produces sperm and sex hormones. Sperm are produced in the testes through spermatogenesis and stored in the epididymis. Hormones like FSH, LH and testosterone regulate sperm production and male characteristics. During sexual activity, erection occurs when blood flow increases to the penis. Ejaculation involves the contraction of muscles to expel semen containing sperm from the penis.
Sexual reproduction in humans involves male and female reproductive systems. The male system includes testes that produce sperm and the female system includes ovaries that produce eggs. Fertilization occurs when a sperm fuses with an egg in the fallopian tube, forming a zygote. The zygote then implants in the uterus and develops into an embryo and fetus over nine months of gestation, until birth. If fertilization does not occur, the female undergoes menstruation and the cycle repeats every 28 days from puberty to menopause. Methods to prevent pregnancy include barrier methods, hormonal birth control, surgical sterilization, and IUDs.
The document summarizes the processes of gametogenesis in males and females. It describes that gametogenesis is the formation of gametes (sperm in males and eggs in females) from primordial germ cells in the gonads. This involves mitosis to produce more germ cells, followed by meiosis which reduces the chromosome number to produce haploid gametes. The document also outlines the structures involved in male and female reproduction such as testes/ovaries, accessory ducts and glands, and hormones important for gamete production and the reproductive cycles.
This document provides an overview of human reproductive anatomy and processes. It describes the key external and internal organs of both the male and female reproductive systems. It also summarizes gamete formation through spermatogenesis and oogenesis, the hormonal control of the reproductive cycles, conception and early embryonic development, menopause, and key differences between male and female reproductive cycles and hormone regulation.
Male reproductive system by Pandian M, tutor, Dept of Physiology, DYPMCKOP,MHPandian M
Male reproductive functions
The male reproductive tract
Sagittal segments of testes and epididymis
Adolescence
General Physical Changes
Stages of spermatogenesis
Structure of the human spermatozoon.
Pathway for the passage of sperms
Semen
Composition & function
Capacitation
Factors affecting spermatogenesis
Hormones necessary for spermatogenesis
Functions of testosterone
Disorders of sexual development / applied
This document summarizes male reproductive physiology. It discusses the structures of the male reproductive system including the testes, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles and prostate. It explains spermatogenesis, the process by which sperm are produced in the testes. Ejaculation and the components of semen are also described. Fertilization and the process by which a single sperm fuses with an egg to determine sex of the offspring are summarized in less than three sentences.
Human reproduction involves complex anatomy and behavior. Spermatogenesis in males and oogenesis in females both involve meiosis, but differ in that males continuously produce sperm from puberty, while females are born with a finite number of eggs and release one per menstrual cycle. The male reproductive system includes internal testes and ducts for sperm transport, and external genitals for copulation. The female system includes internal ovaries and ducts for egg transport and development, and external genitals for reproduction and birth.
Overview of reproductive physiology and anatomymukemilawol
The male reproductive system produces sperm and sex hormones. Sperm are produced in the testes through spermatogenesis and stored in the epididymis. Hormones like FSH, LH and testosterone regulate sperm production and male characteristics. During sexual activity, erection occurs when blood flow increases to the penis. Ejaculation involves the contraction of muscles to expel semen containing sperm from the penis.
Sexual reproduction in humans involves male and female reproductive systems. The male system includes testes that produce sperm and the female system includes ovaries that produce eggs. Fertilization occurs when a sperm fuses with an egg in the fallopian tube, forming a zygote. The zygote then implants in the uterus and develops into an embryo and fetus over nine months of gestation, until birth. If fertilization does not occur, the female undergoes menstruation and the cycle repeats every 28 days from puberty to menopause. Methods to prevent pregnancy include barrier methods, hormonal birth control, surgical sterilization, and IUDs.
The document summarizes the processes of gametogenesis in males and females. It describes that gametogenesis is the formation of gametes (sperm in males and eggs in females) from primordial germ cells in the gonads. This involves mitosis to produce more germ cells, followed by meiosis which reduces the chromosome number to produce haploid gametes. The document also outlines the structures involved in male and female reproduction such as testes/ovaries, accessory ducts and glands, and hormones important for gamete production and the reproductive cycles.
The male reproductive system document describes the key parts of the male anatomy. It states that the pituitary gland releases LH and FSH hormones which stimulate the testes to produce testosterone and sperm. Testosterone is responsible for male secondary sex characteristics. The document outlines the external organs including the penis and scrotum, and internal organs such as the testes, epididymis, vas deferens and their functions in sperm production and transport.
The document discusses the placenta, parturition, and lactation. It describes the placenta's structure and functions, including nutrient exchange, hormone production, and forming the fetoplacental unit. Parturition involves three stages: cervical dilation, delivery of the fetus, and expulsion of the placenta. Lactation also occurs in stages from breast development during pregnancy to milk production and ejection in response to suckling. Key hormones like progesterone, estrogen, prolactin, and oxytocin regulate these reproductive processes.
Male reproductive functions include spermatogenesis (formation of sperm), sexual acts, and regulation by hormones. Spermatogenesis occurs in the seminiferous tubules and takes around 74 days, involving the transformation of spermatogonia into spermatozoa. Testosterone produced in the testes initiates male development and drives physiological changes during puberty like increased muscle and bone growth, body hair growth, and voice deepening. Infertility in males can result from low sperm counts, abnormal sperm morphology, obstructions in the reproductive ducts, or disorders of the testes, pituitary, or hypothalamus.
The document provides information about the male and female reproductive systems. It describes the structure and function of the male reproductive organs, including the testes, penis, and accessory glands. It explains that testosterone controls the development of male secondary sex characteristics at puberty, such as facial hair and muscle growth. The document also outlines the structure and function of the female reproductive organs, including the ovaries, uterus, and vagina. It states that estrogen controls the development of female secondary sex characteristics, such as breast growth and menstruation. Finally, it summarizes the menstrual cycle and the roles of hormones like FSH, LH, estrogen and progesterone in regulating the cycle.
The document summarizes the male and female reproductive systems. The male system includes testicles that produce sperm, ducts that transport sperm, and glands that secrete fluids. The female system includes ovaries that release eggs, fallopian tubes where fertilization occurs, a uterus for gestation, and a mucus membrane.
The document provides information about the male reproductive system. It discusses the functions and structures of the male reproductive system, including the production of sperm and testosterone. It also covers sexually transmitted diseases, conditions requiring medical care, and caring for the male reproductive system through abstinence and regular checkups.
The document summarizes the female reproductive cycle and mammary glands. It describes the menstrual cycle which occurs over approximately 28 days and involves the ovarian and uterine cycles controlled by hormones like estrogen and progesterone. The uterine cycle includes the menstrual, proliferative, and secretory phases where the endometrium is prepared for potential fertilization and pregnancy. If no fertilization occurs, menstruation begins. The document also describes menopause and the role of the mammary glands in producing milk during lactation under hormonal control.
The male reproductive system produces sperm and seminal fluid. It consists of internal organs like the testes and external organs like the penis. The testes produce sperm and testosterone. During ejaculation, sperm and seminal fluid containing nutrients are released from the seminal vesicles, prostate gland and other structures through the penis. The sperm must undergo maturation and capacitation before being able to fertilize an egg. The male sexual act involves erection, lubrication and ejaculation controlled by the nervous system.
The document discusses reproduction in organisms including both sexual and asexual reproduction. It then focuses on the human reproductive systems, describing the main parts and functions of both the male and female systems. Key topics covered include gamete production, fertilization, menstrual and estrous cycles, and common reproductive issues.
The document summarizes key aspects of human female physiology related to the reproductive system. It describes the anatomy of the female reproductive organs including ovaries, uterus, vagina, and mammary glands. It explains the ovarian cycle, including follicle development and hormone regulation. The uterine cycle is also summarized, along with the hormonal control of both cycles during a normal menstrual period. Fertilization effects on hormone production and pregnancy maintenance are outlined. Finally, it briefly discusses female sexual behavior, fertility, pregnancy, and common contraception methods.
The document summarizes key aspects of the male and female reproductive systems. It describes the main sex organs and their functions, including the testes, ovaries, uterus and other accessory organs. It also discusses processes like the menstrual cycle, puberty, pregnancy and childbirth. Reproductive cancers, disorders and other imbalances are also outlined.
The male reproductive system produces sperm through the process of spermatogenesis. Sperm develop in the testes through meiosis and undergo maturation as they pass through the epididymis. Mature sperm are stored in the vas deferens until ejaculation. During sexual intercourse, sperm are ejaculated through the urethra along with fluids from the seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral glands. The alkaline fluids help activate the sperm. Capacitation allows the sperm to penetrate and fertilize an ovum in the female reproductive tract.
The document summarizes human reproductive anatomy and processes. It describes:
1) The internal and external organs of the male and female reproductive systems, including their functions in producing and transporting gametes and embryos.
2) The processes of gametogenesis, including spermatogenesis in males and oogenesis in females, which involve meiosis to produce gametes.
3) The hormones involved in human reproduction, including those produced by the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and gonads that regulate reproductive cycles and development.
Spermatogenesis and oogenesis are the processes by which gametes (sperm and eggs) are produced in animals. Spermatogenesis occurs in the testes and involves spermatogonia undergoing mitosis and meiosis to produce sperm cells. Oogenesis occurs in the ovaries and starts with oogonia undergoing mitosis to form primary oocytes, which then undergo meiosis to form secondary oocytes and polar bodies. Fertilization can be internal, occurring inside the female body, or external, occurring outside the female body in water.
1) The document summarizes human reproductive systems and processes. It describes the key organs involved in male and female reproduction like testes, ovaries, and reproductive tracts.
2) It explains processes like spermatogenesis in males and oogenesis in females which produce gametes. It also describes the menstrual cycle and events of fertilization, implantation, pregnancy and childbirth.
3) Diagrams and descriptions are provided of stages of embryo and fetal development as well as the functions of the placenta and stages of labor.
The document describes generative reproduction in animals. It discusses gametogenesis, or the production of gametes, in both males and females. In males, spermatogenesis occurs in the testes through mitosis and meiosis of spermatogonia to produce sperm. In females, oogenesis occurs in the ovaries through mitosis and meiosis of oogonia to produce eggs. Fertilization can be internal, within the female body, or external, outside the female body in water. The human reproductive system is also summarized, including the testes, epididymis, vas deferens, prostate gland and penis in males, and ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina and cervix
1. Human reproduction involves gametogenesis, fertilization, implantation, embryonic development, and delivery.
2. The male reproductive system produces sperm in the testes and transports them through accessory ducts. The female reproductive system includes ovaries, oviducts, uterus, and vagina.
3. Fertilization occurs when a sperm fuses with an ovum in the fallopian tube, forming a zygote that undergoes cleavage and implants in the uterus. Pregnancy is maintained by formation of the placenta.
The document summarizes the key components of the female reproductive system, including both internal and external structures. The internal structures include the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, and vagina. The ovaries contain follicles that contain oocytes and produce hormones. During ovulation, a mature follicle ruptures and releases an oocyte. If fertilized by sperm in the fallopian tubes, the fertilized egg implants in the uterus which nourishes the developing embryo. The menstrual cycle is regulated by changes in the ovaries and uterus across the follicular, ovulation, and luteal phases.
Human reproduction - A detailed study ( medical information)martinshaji
Human reproduction is any form of sexual reproduction resulting in human fertilization. It typically involves sexual intercourse between a man and a woman. During sexual intercourse, the interaction between the male and female reproductive systems results in fertilization of the woman's ovum by the man's sperm.
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
Describe human male and female reproductive anatomies
Describe spermatogenesis and oogenesis and discuss their differences and similarities
Describe the role of hormones in human reproduction
Describe the roles of male and female reproductive hormone
The reproductive events in humans include formation of gametes (gametogenesis), i.e., sperms in males and ovum in females, transfer of sperms into the female genital tract (insemination) and fusion of male and female gametes (fertilisation) leading to formation of zygote.
this is a long study on all aspects of human reproduction & most asked questions about human reproductive system ( medical information ).
please comment
thank u
This document provides an overview of the human reproductive system. It describes the main structures and functions of both the male and female reproductive systems. In the male system, it outlines the penis, testicles, and epididymis. In the female system, it details the vagina, cervix, uterus, oviducts, and ovaries. It also discusses secondary sex characteristics in males and females. Other sections explain gametogenesis, spermatogenesis and oogenesis, the menstrual cycle, fertilization, implantation and development, and gestation.
The document summarizes the male and female reproductive systems. It describes the external and internal anatomy of the male reproductive system including the penis, scrotum, testes, seminal vesicles, prostate and bulbourethral glands. It also explains spermatogenesis, the process of sperm production and maturation within the testes. For the female system, it outlines the internal reproductive organs including the vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries. It describes oogenesis, the process of egg production and maturation within the ovaries. It also summarizes the female menstrual cycle and hormone fluctuations that occur.
The document describes the male and female reproductive systems. It discusses the main organs involved in both systems, including their locations, functions, and roles in reproduction. For the male, it describes the testes, duct system, accessory glands and external genitalia. For the female, it outlines the ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina and external genitalia. It also explains sperm production in the testes and egg development in ovarian follicles.
The male reproductive system document describes the key parts of the male anatomy. It states that the pituitary gland releases LH and FSH hormones which stimulate the testes to produce testosterone and sperm. Testosterone is responsible for male secondary sex characteristics. The document outlines the external organs including the penis and scrotum, and internal organs such as the testes, epididymis, vas deferens and their functions in sperm production and transport.
The document discusses the placenta, parturition, and lactation. It describes the placenta's structure and functions, including nutrient exchange, hormone production, and forming the fetoplacental unit. Parturition involves three stages: cervical dilation, delivery of the fetus, and expulsion of the placenta. Lactation also occurs in stages from breast development during pregnancy to milk production and ejection in response to suckling. Key hormones like progesterone, estrogen, prolactin, and oxytocin regulate these reproductive processes.
Male reproductive functions include spermatogenesis (formation of sperm), sexual acts, and regulation by hormones. Spermatogenesis occurs in the seminiferous tubules and takes around 74 days, involving the transformation of spermatogonia into spermatozoa. Testosterone produced in the testes initiates male development and drives physiological changes during puberty like increased muscle and bone growth, body hair growth, and voice deepening. Infertility in males can result from low sperm counts, abnormal sperm morphology, obstructions in the reproductive ducts, or disorders of the testes, pituitary, or hypothalamus.
The document provides information about the male and female reproductive systems. It describes the structure and function of the male reproductive organs, including the testes, penis, and accessory glands. It explains that testosterone controls the development of male secondary sex characteristics at puberty, such as facial hair and muscle growth. The document also outlines the structure and function of the female reproductive organs, including the ovaries, uterus, and vagina. It states that estrogen controls the development of female secondary sex characteristics, such as breast growth and menstruation. Finally, it summarizes the menstrual cycle and the roles of hormones like FSH, LH, estrogen and progesterone in regulating the cycle.
The document summarizes the male and female reproductive systems. The male system includes testicles that produce sperm, ducts that transport sperm, and glands that secrete fluids. The female system includes ovaries that release eggs, fallopian tubes where fertilization occurs, a uterus for gestation, and a mucus membrane.
The document provides information about the male reproductive system. It discusses the functions and structures of the male reproductive system, including the production of sperm and testosterone. It also covers sexually transmitted diseases, conditions requiring medical care, and caring for the male reproductive system through abstinence and regular checkups.
The document summarizes the female reproductive cycle and mammary glands. It describes the menstrual cycle which occurs over approximately 28 days and involves the ovarian and uterine cycles controlled by hormones like estrogen and progesterone. The uterine cycle includes the menstrual, proliferative, and secretory phases where the endometrium is prepared for potential fertilization and pregnancy. If no fertilization occurs, menstruation begins. The document also describes menopause and the role of the mammary glands in producing milk during lactation under hormonal control.
The male reproductive system produces sperm and seminal fluid. It consists of internal organs like the testes and external organs like the penis. The testes produce sperm and testosterone. During ejaculation, sperm and seminal fluid containing nutrients are released from the seminal vesicles, prostate gland and other structures through the penis. The sperm must undergo maturation and capacitation before being able to fertilize an egg. The male sexual act involves erection, lubrication and ejaculation controlled by the nervous system.
The document discusses reproduction in organisms including both sexual and asexual reproduction. It then focuses on the human reproductive systems, describing the main parts and functions of both the male and female systems. Key topics covered include gamete production, fertilization, menstrual and estrous cycles, and common reproductive issues.
The document summarizes key aspects of human female physiology related to the reproductive system. It describes the anatomy of the female reproductive organs including ovaries, uterus, vagina, and mammary glands. It explains the ovarian cycle, including follicle development and hormone regulation. The uterine cycle is also summarized, along with the hormonal control of both cycles during a normal menstrual period. Fertilization effects on hormone production and pregnancy maintenance are outlined. Finally, it briefly discusses female sexual behavior, fertility, pregnancy, and common contraception methods.
The document summarizes key aspects of the male and female reproductive systems. It describes the main sex organs and their functions, including the testes, ovaries, uterus and other accessory organs. It also discusses processes like the menstrual cycle, puberty, pregnancy and childbirth. Reproductive cancers, disorders and other imbalances are also outlined.
The male reproductive system produces sperm through the process of spermatogenesis. Sperm develop in the testes through meiosis and undergo maturation as they pass through the epididymis. Mature sperm are stored in the vas deferens until ejaculation. During sexual intercourse, sperm are ejaculated through the urethra along with fluids from the seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral glands. The alkaline fluids help activate the sperm. Capacitation allows the sperm to penetrate and fertilize an ovum in the female reproductive tract.
The document summarizes human reproductive anatomy and processes. It describes:
1) The internal and external organs of the male and female reproductive systems, including their functions in producing and transporting gametes and embryos.
2) The processes of gametogenesis, including spermatogenesis in males and oogenesis in females, which involve meiosis to produce gametes.
3) The hormones involved in human reproduction, including those produced by the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and gonads that regulate reproductive cycles and development.
Spermatogenesis and oogenesis are the processes by which gametes (sperm and eggs) are produced in animals. Spermatogenesis occurs in the testes and involves spermatogonia undergoing mitosis and meiosis to produce sperm cells. Oogenesis occurs in the ovaries and starts with oogonia undergoing mitosis to form primary oocytes, which then undergo meiosis to form secondary oocytes and polar bodies. Fertilization can be internal, occurring inside the female body, or external, occurring outside the female body in water.
1) The document summarizes human reproductive systems and processes. It describes the key organs involved in male and female reproduction like testes, ovaries, and reproductive tracts.
2) It explains processes like spermatogenesis in males and oogenesis in females which produce gametes. It also describes the menstrual cycle and events of fertilization, implantation, pregnancy and childbirth.
3) Diagrams and descriptions are provided of stages of embryo and fetal development as well as the functions of the placenta and stages of labor.
The document describes generative reproduction in animals. It discusses gametogenesis, or the production of gametes, in both males and females. In males, spermatogenesis occurs in the testes through mitosis and meiosis of spermatogonia to produce sperm. In females, oogenesis occurs in the ovaries through mitosis and meiosis of oogonia to produce eggs. Fertilization can be internal, within the female body, or external, outside the female body in water. The human reproductive system is also summarized, including the testes, epididymis, vas deferens, prostate gland and penis in males, and ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina and cervix
1. Human reproduction involves gametogenesis, fertilization, implantation, embryonic development, and delivery.
2. The male reproductive system produces sperm in the testes and transports them through accessory ducts. The female reproductive system includes ovaries, oviducts, uterus, and vagina.
3. Fertilization occurs when a sperm fuses with an ovum in the fallopian tube, forming a zygote that undergoes cleavage and implants in the uterus. Pregnancy is maintained by formation of the placenta.
The document summarizes the key components of the female reproductive system, including both internal and external structures. The internal structures include the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, and vagina. The ovaries contain follicles that contain oocytes and produce hormones. During ovulation, a mature follicle ruptures and releases an oocyte. If fertilized by sperm in the fallopian tubes, the fertilized egg implants in the uterus which nourishes the developing embryo. The menstrual cycle is regulated by changes in the ovaries and uterus across the follicular, ovulation, and luteal phases.
Human reproduction - A detailed study ( medical information)martinshaji
Human reproduction is any form of sexual reproduction resulting in human fertilization. It typically involves sexual intercourse between a man and a woman. During sexual intercourse, the interaction between the male and female reproductive systems results in fertilization of the woman's ovum by the man's sperm.
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
Describe human male and female reproductive anatomies
Describe spermatogenesis and oogenesis and discuss their differences and similarities
Describe the role of hormones in human reproduction
Describe the roles of male and female reproductive hormone
The reproductive events in humans include formation of gametes (gametogenesis), i.e., sperms in males and ovum in females, transfer of sperms into the female genital tract (insemination) and fusion of male and female gametes (fertilisation) leading to formation of zygote.
this is a long study on all aspects of human reproduction & most asked questions about human reproductive system ( medical information ).
please comment
thank u
This document provides an overview of the human reproductive system. It describes the main structures and functions of both the male and female reproductive systems. In the male system, it outlines the penis, testicles, and epididymis. In the female system, it details the vagina, cervix, uterus, oviducts, and ovaries. It also discusses secondary sex characteristics in males and females. Other sections explain gametogenesis, spermatogenesis and oogenesis, the menstrual cycle, fertilization, implantation and development, and gestation.
The document summarizes the male and female reproductive systems. It describes the external and internal anatomy of the male reproductive system including the penis, scrotum, testes, seminal vesicles, prostate and bulbourethral glands. It also explains spermatogenesis, the process of sperm production and maturation within the testes. For the female system, it outlines the internal reproductive organs including the vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries. It describes oogenesis, the process of egg production and maturation within the ovaries. It also summarizes the female menstrual cycle and hormone fluctuations that occur.
The document describes the male and female reproductive systems. It discusses the main organs involved in both systems, including their locations, functions, and roles in reproduction. For the male, it describes the testes, duct system, accessory glands and external genitalia. For the female, it outlines the ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina and external genitalia. It also explains sperm production in the testes and egg development in ovarian follicles.
The document summarizes the male and female reproductive systems. It describes the external and internal anatomy of both systems, including the testes, penis, scrotum, seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral glands in males. In females, it outlines the vagina, cervix, fallopian tubes, ovaries, and uterus. It also explains spermatogenesis, oogenesis, the hormonal control of the reproductive cycles, and effects of hormones like estrogen and testosterone.
Human reproduction is any form of sexual reproduction resulting in human fertilization. It typically involves sexual intercourse between a man and a woman. During sexual intercourse, the interaction between the male and female reproductive systems results in fertilization of the woman's ovum by the man's sperm.
Sexual reproduction in Human methods and techniquesMohammedail2
The placenta functions to exchange nutrients and waste between the mother and fetus. It attaches to the uterine wall and connects to the fetus via the umbilical cord. The placenta allows oxygen, glucose, amino acids and salts to pass from the mother's bloodstream to the fetus's bloodstream, while carbon dioxide and urea pass in the opposite direction, into the mother's bloodstream. This exchange occurs across the thin walls of the blood vessels without the bloodstreams directly mixing. The placenta regulates this exchange and protects the fetus from high blood pressure.
The female reproductive system includes external structures like the clitoris and labia, and internal structures like ovaries, fallopian tubes, and the uterus. Ovaries contain follicles that release eggs during ovulation. Fertilization can occur when an egg meets sperm in the fallopian tubes. The fertilized egg implants in the uterus and receives nourishment from the mother through the placenta. Birth occurs when contractions help deliver the baby through the cervix and vagina. The male reproductive system includes external structures like the penis and scrotum, and internal structures like the testes, which produce sperm and hormones. During ejaculation, sperm pass through the vas deference and urethra. Fert
The document summarizes the male and female reproductive systems. It describes the key organs involved in sperm and egg production such as the testes, ovaries, and accessory sex glands. It explains the processes of spermatogenesis and oogenesis that produce sperm and eggs. It also outlines the hormonal control of the ovarian and uterine cycles and the menstrual cycle stages of the endometrium.
The reproductive tissues of male and female humans develop similarly in utero until about the seventh week of gestation when a low level of the hormone testosterone is released from the gonads of the developing male. Testosterone causes the primitive gonads to differentiate into male sexual organs. When testosterone is absent, the primitive gonads develop into ovaries. Tissues that produce a penis in males produce a clitoris in females. The tissue that will become the scrotum in a male becomes the labia in a female. Thus the male and female anatomies arise from a divergence in the development of what were once common embryonic structures.
This document provides an overview of human reproduction. It discusses:
1. The male and female reproductive systems, including the testes, ovaries, and other primary and secondary sex organs.
2. The processes of gametogenesis, or the formation of eggs and sperm, which takes place in the ovaries and testes.
3. Spermatogenesis, the process by which sperm are produced in the testes through spermatocytogenesis and spermiogenesis.
4. Puberty, the stage of sexual maturity when external sex characteristics appear in girls around ages 11-14 and boys around ages 14-16.
Chapter-3 Human Reproduction (NCERT)
A detailed presentation of the one of the important chapter of class 12. This chapter carries high weightage for both CBSE as well NEET examination
The document summarizes human reproduction. It describes that human reproduction involves sexual reproduction through the formation and fusion of male and female gametes in the testes and ovaries. It then provides details on the male reproductive system including the testes, accessory ducts, glands, and external genitalia. Spermatogenesis and sperm structure are explained. The female reproductive system including ovaries, oviducts, uterus, cervix, vagina and external genitalia are outlined. The menstrual cycle and mammary glands are also summarized.
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Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
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Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
10 Benefits an EPCR Software should Bring to EMS Organizations Traumasoft LLC
The benefits of an ePCR solution should extend to the whole EMS organization, not just certain groups of people or certain departments. It should provide more than just a form for entering and a database for storing information. It should also include a workflow of how information is communicated, used and stored across the entire organization.
Travel Clinic Cardiff: Health Advice for International TravelersNX Healthcare
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Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptxwalterHu5
In some case, your chronic prostatitis may be related to over-masturbation. Generally, natural medicine Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill can help mee get a cure.
26. Primordial germ cell in embryo
Mitotic divisions
Spermatogonial
stem cell
Mitotic divisions
Spermatogonium
Mitotic divisions
Primary spermatocyte
Meiosis I
Secondary spermatocyte
Meiosis II
Early
spermatid
Differentiation (Sertoli
cells provide nutrients)
Sperm
2n
2n
2n
n n
n n n n
n n n n
SPERMATO
-
GENESIS
30. Fig. 46-12g
Primordial germ cell
Mitotic divisions
Oogonium
Mitotic divisions
Primary oocyte
(present at birth), arrested
in prophase of meiosis I
Completion of meiosis I
and onset of meiosis II
Secondary oocyte,
arrested at metaphase of
meiosis II
First
polar
body
Ovulation, sperm entry
Completion of meiosis II
Second
polar
body
Fertilized egg
2n
2n
n
n
n
n
In embryo
OOGENISIS
49. Ovary
Uterus
Endometrium(a) From ovulation to implantation
(b) Implantation of blastocyst
Cleavage
Fertilization
Ovulation
Cleavage
continues
The blastocyst
implants
Trophoblast
Inner cell mass
Cavity
Blastocyst
Endo-
metrium
1
2
3
4
5
Formation of the zygote and early
post-fertilization events
60. Fig. 46-18
Estradiol Oxytocin
from
ovaries
Induces oxytocin
receptors on uterus
from fetus
and mother’s
posterior pituitary
Stimulates uterus
to contract
Stimulates
placenta to make
Prostaglandins
Stimulate more
contractions
of uterus
Positivefeedback
+
+
A model for the induction of
labour