The document summarizes the anatomy and structure of the abdomen. It describes the abdominal cavity and layers of muscles that form the abdominal wall. It details the location of the major internal organs by abdominal quadrant. The liver, stomach, intestines, kidneys, spleen, and other organs are located and described. Variations in abdominal anatomy are discussed for infants, children, pregnant women, and aging adults.
This document discusses obesity in children. It notes that obesity is reaching epidemic proportions globally, including in developing countries. In India, studies have shown increasing rates of overweight and obesity in children, particularly in urban and affluent populations. Childhood obesity can lead to health issues not only during childhood but also in adulthood. The causes of childhood obesity are often exogenous or environmental factors like diet, sedentary lifestyle, and genetics. Treatment involves dietary changes, increased physical activity, behavior modification, and treatment of any related health complications. A multidisciplinary approach with family involvement tends to have the best outcomes.
This document provides information on childhood obesity including:
- Childhood obesity is determined using Body Mass Index (BMI) and affects over 12.7 million children in the US.
- Major contributing factors include physical inactivity, consumption of high-calorie foods, and increased screen time.
- Childhood obesity increases the risks of health issues like diabetes, cardiovascular disease, depression, and more.
- Promoting healthy habits like increasing physical activity to 1 or more hours per day, encouraging nutritious food choices, and limiting screen time to less than 7 hours can help address this public health issue.
- Parents play a key role by being healthy role models, making healthy options available, and
Discuss essential components and purposes of nutritional assessment and nutritional screening.
Identify developmental nutritional considerations.
Identify factors influencing nutrition.
Identify anthropometric measures.
Identify risk factors and clinical signs of malnutrition.
Describe nursing interventions to promote optimal nutrition.
Plan, implement, and evaluate nursing care associated with nursing diagnoses related to nutritional problems.
The document provides details about a bariatric surgery case study involving a patient named J.B. It discusses J.B.'s medical history and history of weight loss attempts. It then outlines the steps J.B. took in preparation for Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery, including dietary changes, vitamin supplementation, and procedures. The document concludes with an overview of J.B.'s postoperative clinical condition, medications, labs, and initial nutrition care plan.
This document discusses various treatment options for obesity including diet, exercise, medications, surgery, and other procedures. It provides details on popular diets, weight loss programs, appetite suppressing medications, medications that reduce absorption like Orlistat, and newer combination medications. It describes various bariatric surgeries including gastric banding, bypass, and newer procedures. Potential complications of surgery are outlined including nutritional deficiencies, dumping syndrome, gallstones, and risks are balanced with significant weight loss and health benefits shown in long term studies.
The document discusses nutritional assessment for BScN students. It defines nutritional assessment as collecting and interpreting data to determine nutritional status. The four components of assessment are anthropometric, biochemical, clinical, and dietary methods. Anthropometric measurements include height, weight, skin signs. Biochemical tests measure substances in blood. Clinical methods consider disease states and symptoms. Dietary methods estimate energy needs. Nursing diagnoses for malnutrition include imbalanced nutrition and risk of infection. Preventive measures include supplements, diet modification, and health education. The document also defines undernutrition and overnutrition, and their causes and signs.
Nutritional assessment involves analyzing anthropometric, biochemical, clinical, and dietary data to determine nutritional status. It can be done using the ABCD methods of anthropometry, biochemical tests, clinical exams, and dietary analyses. Anthropometry includes measuring height, weight, and mid-upper arm circumference to calculate indices like BMI. Biochemical tests measure vitamin and mineral levels. Clinical exams identify signs of deficiency. Dietary analyses evaluate past intake and dietary diversity using 24-hour recalls. Together these methods provide a holistic view of nutritional status.
This document discusses obesity in children. It notes that obesity is reaching epidemic proportions globally, including in developing countries. In India, studies have shown increasing rates of overweight and obesity in children, particularly in urban and affluent populations. Childhood obesity can lead to health issues not only during childhood but also in adulthood. The causes of childhood obesity are often exogenous or environmental factors like diet, sedentary lifestyle, and genetics. Treatment involves dietary changes, increased physical activity, behavior modification, and treatment of any related health complications. A multidisciplinary approach with family involvement tends to have the best outcomes.
This document provides information on childhood obesity including:
- Childhood obesity is determined using Body Mass Index (BMI) and affects over 12.7 million children in the US.
- Major contributing factors include physical inactivity, consumption of high-calorie foods, and increased screen time.
- Childhood obesity increases the risks of health issues like diabetes, cardiovascular disease, depression, and more.
- Promoting healthy habits like increasing physical activity to 1 or more hours per day, encouraging nutritious food choices, and limiting screen time to less than 7 hours can help address this public health issue.
- Parents play a key role by being healthy role models, making healthy options available, and
Discuss essential components and purposes of nutritional assessment and nutritional screening.
Identify developmental nutritional considerations.
Identify factors influencing nutrition.
Identify anthropometric measures.
Identify risk factors and clinical signs of malnutrition.
Describe nursing interventions to promote optimal nutrition.
Plan, implement, and evaluate nursing care associated with nursing diagnoses related to nutritional problems.
The document provides details about a bariatric surgery case study involving a patient named J.B. It discusses J.B.'s medical history and history of weight loss attempts. It then outlines the steps J.B. took in preparation for Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery, including dietary changes, vitamin supplementation, and procedures. The document concludes with an overview of J.B.'s postoperative clinical condition, medications, labs, and initial nutrition care plan.
This document discusses various treatment options for obesity including diet, exercise, medications, surgery, and other procedures. It provides details on popular diets, weight loss programs, appetite suppressing medications, medications that reduce absorption like Orlistat, and newer combination medications. It describes various bariatric surgeries including gastric banding, bypass, and newer procedures. Potential complications of surgery are outlined including nutritional deficiencies, dumping syndrome, gallstones, and risks are balanced with significant weight loss and health benefits shown in long term studies.
The document discusses nutritional assessment for BScN students. It defines nutritional assessment as collecting and interpreting data to determine nutritional status. The four components of assessment are anthropometric, biochemical, clinical, and dietary methods. Anthropometric measurements include height, weight, skin signs. Biochemical tests measure substances in blood. Clinical methods consider disease states and symptoms. Dietary methods estimate energy needs. Nursing diagnoses for malnutrition include imbalanced nutrition and risk of infection. Preventive measures include supplements, diet modification, and health education. The document also defines undernutrition and overnutrition, and their causes and signs.
Nutritional assessment involves analyzing anthropometric, biochemical, clinical, and dietary data to determine nutritional status. It can be done using the ABCD methods of anthropometry, biochemical tests, clinical exams, and dietary analyses. Anthropometry includes measuring height, weight, and mid-upper arm circumference to calculate indices like BMI. Biochemical tests measure vitamin and mineral levels. Clinical exams identify signs of deficiency. Dietary analyses evaluate past intake and dietary diversity using 24-hour recalls. Together these methods provide a holistic view of nutritional status.
This document provides information on medical nutrition therapy for a patient with end-stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis. The patient has a GFR of 12 mL/min and receives hemodialysis twice a week. The goals of medical nutrition therapy are to prevent deficiencies, control fluid balance and electrolytes, and prevent complications related to calcium and phosphorus levels. The dietitian provides calculations to determine the patient's energy, protein, fluid and electrolyte needs and prescribes an appropriate diet.
Age Related Changes in Cardiovascular SystemAkhilaNatesan
1. The cardiovascular system undergoes several age-related changes that affect the body's physiology in elderly people. This includes increased thickening and stiffness of blood vessels, endothelial damage reducing nitric oxide production, and changes to junctional tissues reducing conduction abilities.
2. These structural changes, along with other risk factors, lead to physiological changes like elevated blood pressure, reduced cardiac output, decreased aerobic capacity and oxygen exchange at tissues. As a result, elderly individuals more easily experience breathlessness during physical exertion.
3. The respiratory system also exhibits age-related changes that increase the work of breathing and decrease lung function parameters, further contributing to breathlessness in the elderly.
This document outlines guidelines for screening, managing, and treating obesity. It discusses screening tools like BMI and waist circumference measurements. Management involves behavioral interventions like diet, exercise, and motivational interviewing. Dietary approaches aim for calorie reduction while increasing physical activity to at least 150 minutes per week. Pharmacotherapy and bariatric surgery are options for patients who do not achieve goals with lifestyle changes alone. The case study examines a patient with obesity, diabetes, hypertension and other comorbidities, highlighting the need for a multidisciplinary treatment plan including medication adjustments and lifestyle modifications.
Nutrition in Acute Pancreatitis (According to ESPEN guidelines 2002 and ACG g...Jibran Mohsin
This presentation compares the European Society of Parenteral & Enteral Nutrition (ESPEN) 2002 guidelines and American College of Gastroenterology (ACG) 2013 guidelines regarding nutrition in patients of acute pancreatitis
The document provides guidelines for assessing the urinary system. It outlines collecting subjective data about the patient's medical history and symptoms related to renal and urinary problems. Objective data to collect includes inspection of the skin, mouth, face, extremities and abdomen. The physical exam involves palpation of the costovertebral angle to check for kidney tenderness or masses, percussion over the kidney areas, and auscultation of the abdomen to check for abnormal sounds.
This document summarizes information about tuberculosis (TB), including:
- TB is caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium and spreads through airborne droplets. It primarily affects the lungs.
- Dr. Robert Koch discovered the TB bacillus. Special staining techniques are required because of its waxy cell wall.
- Risk factors include HIV/AIDS, malnutrition, crowded living conditions, and certain immune-suppressing diseases or conditions.
- Screening includes the Mantoux test and more advanced tests like interferon-γ release assays and chest x-rays.
- Treatment involves a combination of antibiotics like isoniazid and rifampin over several months. A balanced, nutritious diet
The document discusses obesity and its associated risks. It defines obesity as a chronic energy imbalance where calories consumed exceed calories expended. Individual behaviors, environment, and genetics all contribute to obesity. Excess weight gain is associated with increased risks of several health conditions like hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and certain cancers. Untreated hypertension can damage vital organs and increase risks of heart attack, stroke, kidney failure, and vision loss.
The document discusses various treatment options for obesity including dietary approaches, exercise, behavioral therapy, very low calorie diets, and obesity drugs or surgery for more severe cases. It provides details on meal replacement plans, the exchange diet system which divides foods into categories, recommended aerobic and anaerobic exercise, and the benefits of group behavioral treatment programs.
This document provides an overview of anthropometry, which involves the quantitative measurement of the human body. It discusses the significance of anthropometry in evaluating nutrition status and differentiating between acute and chronic changes. The key parameters that are measured include weight, height, head circumference, chest circumference, mid-upper arm circumference, and skinfold thickness. The document outlines the techniques for measuring each parameter and provides the normal growth velocities and expected measurements at different ages. It also discusses various formulas and indices used to classify malnutrition based on anthropometric measurements.
The document discusses obesity, including its definition, classification, prevalence, causes, comorbidities, and treatment approaches. Some key points include:
- Obesity is defined as a BMI of 30 or higher and is classified based on BMI levels. It affects over 19% of adults in the US and over 32% in Kuwait.
- Factors contributing to obesity include an energy imbalance where calorie intake exceeds energy expenditure. Hypothalamus plays a role in regulating hunger and satiety.
- Obesity is associated with increased risk of diseases like heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, and certain cancers.
- Treatment involves lifestyle changes like diet and exercise, as well as potential drug therapies or surgery for
This document discusses childhood obesity including its definition, epidemiology, risk factors, causes, evaluation, treatment, and management. Some key points include:
- Childhood obesity is defined as a BMI at or above the 95th percentile for age and sex. It can be caused by genetic and environmental factors.
- Rates of childhood obesity have tripled since the 1970s globally and in countries like the US and KSA. Risk factors include family history, low income, and lack of physical activity.
- Evaluation of an obese child includes medical history, exam, and tests to check for underlying causes and comorbidities. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes like diet, exercise, and behavior modification for the whole
Nutritional management of renal diseasesWajid Rather
The document discusses the major roles of the kidney in metabolic regulation including water-electrolyte homeostasis, calcium-phosphate balance, waste product removal, acid-base balance, erythropoietin production, and blood pressure regulation. It then summarizes the goals of nutritional therapy in renal failure and discusses nutritional problems patients with renal failure often experience like anorexia and metabolic abnormalities. Guidelines for protein intake, energy intake, fluid intake, sodium intake, and potassium intake are provided for non-dialysis patients, patients undergoing hemodialysis, and patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis.
This document discusses childhood obesity, its causes, health effects, and prevention. It notes that a lack of physical exercise and unhealthy food choices can lead a initially mildly obese child to become severely obese by age 18. The main causes discussed are increased screen time reducing activity, unhealthy family eating habits, marketing of fast food to children, and unsafe neighborhoods discouraging outdoor play. Health effects of childhood obesity include physical issues like diabetes and cancer, as well as emotional impacts like low self-esteem and depression. The document recommends preventing childhood obesity through proper diet, exercise, community support, and legal measures.
This document discusses obesity and related topics. It defines obesity as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents health risks. It provides BMI classifications for different regions including South East Asia. Key points are that globally obesity rates are rising, and factors influencing obesity are complex, involving genes, environment, behavior, and their interactions. Measuring obesity includes BMI, waist circumference, body fat percentage, and fat distribution. The regulation of energy balance and factors influencing obesity risk are multifaceted.
Nutritional screening and assessment involve identifying at-risk individuals and measuring nutritional status. Screening uses simple tools to rapidly identify malnutrition risk, while assessment uses more complex clinical and laboratory tests conducted by experts. Key assessment methods include subjective global assessment of history and exam, laboratory markers like albumin and prealbumin, and objective tests such as indirect calorimetry and nitrogen balance measurements. Assessment helps predict patient outcomes and nutritional requirements.
The document discusses nutritional assessment in children. It outlines the learning objectives, which are to understand children's nutritional requirements, discuss the purpose of nutritional assessment, and explain comprehensive assessment methods. The lecture then defines nutritional status and optimal nutrition, discusses daily requirements for water, calories, protein and minerals. It describes nutritional screening and comprehensive assessment, which includes diet history, physical exam, anthropometrics, and lab tests. Common assessment methods and measurements are outlined, including weight, BMI, skin fold thickness, and laboratory values.
This document summarizes research on childhood obesity in the United States. It finds that obesity rates are higher among some racial/ethnic groups and older adolescents. Obesity results from long-term energy imbalance where calories consumed exceed calories used. Factors like diet, exercise, genetics, and environment contribute to obesity. Body mass index (BMI) is used to determine weight categories for adults and BMI-for-age for children/teens. Childhood obesity increases risk of adult obesity and chronic diseases. Parental obesity and other socioeconomic factors influence childhood obesity risk. A study found children of obese parents had much higher skin fold thickness, indicating higher body fat levels.
This document summarizes key aspects of growth and development from early adulthood through older adulthood. It discusses physical, cognitive, social, and emotional development in each stage. For early adulthood (ages 20-40), it describes maintaining physical health and strength, developing relationships and careers, and establishing independence. Middle adulthood (ages 40-65) involves parenting, career progression, and meeting goals while physical decline begins. Older adulthood entails adjusting to declining health and abilities, as well as socioemotional challenges like loss of friends and defining new roles after retirement.
The document summarizes a seminar on obesity in children and adolescents. It discusses definitions of obesity and overweight, prevalence and trends, causes including exogenous factors like poor diet and lack of exercise as well as endogenous genetic and endocrine factors. Complications of childhood obesity discussed include psychological issues, sleep apnea, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, diabetes, and cardiovascular risks. Screening and normal values for tests to evaluate complications are also presented.
The document discusses the structure and anatomy of the abdomen and its contents. It describes the abdomen as a large oval cavity bounded by muscles and containing internal organs called viscera. It provides details on the location and structure of several major organs in the abdomen, including the liver, spleen, pancreas, kidneys, and major blood vessels. It focuses particularly on describing the structure, vascular supply, bile duct system, and functions of the liver.
The document summarizes the anatomy of the abdomen. It describes the abdomen as being divided into four quadrants and outlines the key organs located in each quadrant. The major organs discussed include the liver, gallbladder, stomach, spleen, pancreas, kidneys, intestines, and reproductive organs. It provides details on the typical locations and structures of these internal abdominal organs.
This document provides information on medical nutrition therapy for a patient with end-stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis. The patient has a GFR of 12 mL/min and receives hemodialysis twice a week. The goals of medical nutrition therapy are to prevent deficiencies, control fluid balance and electrolytes, and prevent complications related to calcium and phosphorus levels. The dietitian provides calculations to determine the patient's energy, protein, fluid and electrolyte needs and prescribes an appropriate diet.
Age Related Changes in Cardiovascular SystemAkhilaNatesan
1. The cardiovascular system undergoes several age-related changes that affect the body's physiology in elderly people. This includes increased thickening and stiffness of blood vessels, endothelial damage reducing nitric oxide production, and changes to junctional tissues reducing conduction abilities.
2. These structural changes, along with other risk factors, lead to physiological changes like elevated blood pressure, reduced cardiac output, decreased aerobic capacity and oxygen exchange at tissues. As a result, elderly individuals more easily experience breathlessness during physical exertion.
3. The respiratory system also exhibits age-related changes that increase the work of breathing and decrease lung function parameters, further contributing to breathlessness in the elderly.
This document outlines guidelines for screening, managing, and treating obesity. It discusses screening tools like BMI and waist circumference measurements. Management involves behavioral interventions like diet, exercise, and motivational interviewing. Dietary approaches aim for calorie reduction while increasing physical activity to at least 150 minutes per week. Pharmacotherapy and bariatric surgery are options for patients who do not achieve goals with lifestyle changes alone. The case study examines a patient with obesity, diabetes, hypertension and other comorbidities, highlighting the need for a multidisciplinary treatment plan including medication adjustments and lifestyle modifications.
Nutrition in Acute Pancreatitis (According to ESPEN guidelines 2002 and ACG g...Jibran Mohsin
This presentation compares the European Society of Parenteral & Enteral Nutrition (ESPEN) 2002 guidelines and American College of Gastroenterology (ACG) 2013 guidelines regarding nutrition in patients of acute pancreatitis
The document provides guidelines for assessing the urinary system. It outlines collecting subjective data about the patient's medical history and symptoms related to renal and urinary problems. Objective data to collect includes inspection of the skin, mouth, face, extremities and abdomen. The physical exam involves palpation of the costovertebral angle to check for kidney tenderness or masses, percussion over the kidney areas, and auscultation of the abdomen to check for abnormal sounds.
This document summarizes information about tuberculosis (TB), including:
- TB is caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium and spreads through airborne droplets. It primarily affects the lungs.
- Dr. Robert Koch discovered the TB bacillus. Special staining techniques are required because of its waxy cell wall.
- Risk factors include HIV/AIDS, malnutrition, crowded living conditions, and certain immune-suppressing diseases or conditions.
- Screening includes the Mantoux test and more advanced tests like interferon-γ release assays and chest x-rays.
- Treatment involves a combination of antibiotics like isoniazid and rifampin over several months. A balanced, nutritious diet
The document discusses obesity and its associated risks. It defines obesity as a chronic energy imbalance where calories consumed exceed calories expended. Individual behaviors, environment, and genetics all contribute to obesity. Excess weight gain is associated with increased risks of several health conditions like hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and certain cancers. Untreated hypertension can damage vital organs and increase risks of heart attack, stroke, kidney failure, and vision loss.
The document discusses various treatment options for obesity including dietary approaches, exercise, behavioral therapy, very low calorie diets, and obesity drugs or surgery for more severe cases. It provides details on meal replacement plans, the exchange diet system which divides foods into categories, recommended aerobic and anaerobic exercise, and the benefits of group behavioral treatment programs.
This document provides an overview of anthropometry, which involves the quantitative measurement of the human body. It discusses the significance of anthropometry in evaluating nutrition status and differentiating between acute and chronic changes. The key parameters that are measured include weight, height, head circumference, chest circumference, mid-upper arm circumference, and skinfold thickness. The document outlines the techniques for measuring each parameter and provides the normal growth velocities and expected measurements at different ages. It also discusses various formulas and indices used to classify malnutrition based on anthropometric measurements.
The document discusses obesity, including its definition, classification, prevalence, causes, comorbidities, and treatment approaches. Some key points include:
- Obesity is defined as a BMI of 30 or higher and is classified based on BMI levels. It affects over 19% of adults in the US and over 32% in Kuwait.
- Factors contributing to obesity include an energy imbalance where calorie intake exceeds energy expenditure. Hypothalamus plays a role in regulating hunger and satiety.
- Obesity is associated with increased risk of diseases like heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, and certain cancers.
- Treatment involves lifestyle changes like diet and exercise, as well as potential drug therapies or surgery for
This document discusses childhood obesity including its definition, epidemiology, risk factors, causes, evaluation, treatment, and management. Some key points include:
- Childhood obesity is defined as a BMI at or above the 95th percentile for age and sex. It can be caused by genetic and environmental factors.
- Rates of childhood obesity have tripled since the 1970s globally and in countries like the US and KSA. Risk factors include family history, low income, and lack of physical activity.
- Evaluation of an obese child includes medical history, exam, and tests to check for underlying causes and comorbidities. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes like diet, exercise, and behavior modification for the whole
Nutritional management of renal diseasesWajid Rather
The document discusses the major roles of the kidney in metabolic regulation including water-electrolyte homeostasis, calcium-phosphate balance, waste product removal, acid-base balance, erythropoietin production, and blood pressure regulation. It then summarizes the goals of nutritional therapy in renal failure and discusses nutritional problems patients with renal failure often experience like anorexia and metabolic abnormalities. Guidelines for protein intake, energy intake, fluid intake, sodium intake, and potassium intake are provided for non-dialysis patients, patients undergoing hemodialysis, and patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis.
This document discusses childhood obesity, its causes, health effects, and prevention. It notes that a lack of physical exercise and unhealthy food choices can lead a initially mildly obese child to become severely obese by age 18. The main causes discussed are increased screen time reducing activity, unhealthy family eating habits, marketing of fast food to children, and unsafe neighborhoods discouraging outdoor play. Health effects of childhood obesity include physical issues like diabetes and cancer, as well as emotional impacts like low self-esteem and depression. The document recommends preventing childhood obesity through proper diet, exercise, community support, and legal measures.
This document discusses obesity and related topics. It defines obesity as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents health risks. It provides BMI classifications for different regions including South East Asia. Key points are that globally obesity rates are rising, and factors influencing obesity are complex, involving genes, environment, behavior, and their interactions. Measuring obesity includes BMI, waist circumference, body fat percentage, and fat distribution. The regulation of energy balance and factors influencing obesity risk are multifaceted.
Nutritional screening and assessment involve identifying at-risk individuals and measuring nutritional status. Screening uses simple tools to rapidly identify malnutrition risk, while assessment uses more complex clinical and laboratory tests conducted by experts. Key assessment methods include subjective global assessment of history and exam, laboratory markers like albumin and prealbumin, and objective tests such as indirect calorimetry and nitrogen balance measurements. Assessment helps predict patient outcomes and nutritional requirements.
The document discusses nutritional assessment in children. It outlines the learning objectives, which are to understand children's nutritional requirements, discuss the purpose of nutritional assessment, and explain comprehensive assessment methods. The lecture then defines nutritional status and optimal nutrition, discusses daily requirements for water, calories, protein and minerals. It describes nutritional screening and comprehensive assessment, which includes diet history, physical exam, anthropometrics, and lab tests. Common assessment methods and measurements are outlined, including weight, BMI, skin fold thickness, and laboratory values.
This document summarizes research on childhood obesity in the United States. It finds that obesity rates are higher among some racial/ethnic groups and older adolescents. Obesity results from long-term energy imbalance where calories consumed exceed calories used. Factors like diet, exercise, genetics, and environment contribute to obesity. Body mass index (BMI) is used to determine weight categories for adults and BMI-for-age for children/teens. Childhood obesity increases risk of adult obesity and chronic diseases. Parental obesity and other socioeconomic factors influence childhood obesity risk. A study found children of obese parents had much higher skin fold thickness, indicating higher body fat levels.
This document summarizes key aspects of growth and development from early adulthood through older adulthood. It discusses physical, cognitive, social, and emotional development in each stage. For early adulthood (ages 20-40), it describes maintaining physical health and strength, developing relationships and careers, and establishing independence. Middle adulthood (ages 40-65) involves parenting, career progression, and meeting goals while physical decline begins. Older adulthood entails adjusting to declining health and abilities, as well as socioemotional challenges like loss of friends and defining new roles after retirement.
The document summarizes a seminar on obesity in children and adolescents. It discusses definitions of obesity and overweight, prevalence and trends, causes including exogenous factors like poor diet and lack of exercise as well as endogenous genetic and endocrine factors. Complications of childhood obesity discussed include psychological issues, sleep apnea, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, diabetes, and cardiovascular risks. Screening and normal values for tests to evaluate complications are also presented.
The document discusses the structure and anatomy of the abdomen and its contents. It describes the abdomen as a large oval cavity bounded by muscles and containing internal organs called viscera. It provides details on the location and structure of several major organs in the abdomen, including the liver, spleen, pancreas, kidneys, and major blood vessels. It focuses particularly on describing the structure, vascular supply, bile duct system, and functions of the liver.
The document summarizes the anatomy of the abdomen. It describes the abdomen as being divided into four quadrants and outlines the key organs located in each quadrant. The major organs discussed include the liver, gallbladder, stomach, spleen, pancreas, kidneys, intestines, and reproductive organs. It provides details on the typical locations and structures of these internal abdominal organs.
This document provides details on the structure and function of the thorax and lungs. It describes the bones that make up the thoracic cage, including the sternum, ribs, and vertebrae. It identifies important anterior, posterior, and lateral surface landmarks on the chest. It explains the lobes of the lungs, their locations within the thoracic cavity, and how they are divided by fissures. It also describes the pleurae lining the lungs and chest wall that allows for smooth expansion and contraction of the lungs during breathing.
This document provides an overview of Chapter 2 from the 10th edition of The Language of Medicine textbook. The chapter goals are to define anatomical terms pertaining to the structural organization of the body. It discusses the hierarchical structure of cells, tissues, organs and systems. It also defines the major body cavities and identifies the organs contained within each cavity. Additionally, it describes the anatomical divisions of the abdomen using regions and quadrants, and the divisions of the back. Finally, it introduces positional, directional and plane terms used to describe the body, as well as combining word forms, suffixes and prefixes used in medical terminology.
The document is a chapter from a medical textbook that discusses anatomical terminology pertaining to the body as a whole. It defines the structural organization of the body from cells to systems and describes the body cavities and major organs contained within. Additionally, it covers anatomical divisions of the back and abdomen, positional and directional terms, and combining word forms used in medical terminology.
The document is a chapter from a medical textbook that discusses anatomical terminology pertaining to the body as a whole. It defines the structural organization of the body from cells to tissues to organs to systems. It also describes the body cavities and identifies the major organs contained within each cavity, as well as anatomical divisions of the abdomen and back.
The document is a chapter from a medical textbook that discusses anatomical terminology pertaining to the body as a whole. It defines the structural organization of the body from cells to systems and describes the body cavities and major organs contained within. Additionally, it covers anatomical divisions of the back and abdomen, positional and directional terms, and combining word forms used in medical terminology.
This document provides an overview of the anatomy of the abdomen, including:
1) The anterior abdominal wall muscles and related surgical incisions, diaphragm, posterior abdominal wall, inguinal region, abdominal viscera, neurovascular supply, and lymphatic drainage are discussed.
2) The internal structures of the anterior abdominal wall including the skin, fascia, muscles, vessels, and nerves are described.
3) The abdominal viscera such as the stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas, spleen, and associated structures are outlined along with their blood supply, drainage, and innervation.
4) Clinical aspects such as hernias, surface anatomy, imaging techniques
The document discusses the structure and function of the heart and cardiovascular system. It describes how the heart is composed of four chambers that pump blood simultaneously through the pulmonary and systemic circulations in continuous loops. The heart walls and valves are designed to ensure one-way blood flow and prevent backflow. The cardiac cycle involves rhythmic periods of ventricular filling (diastole) and emptying (systole) powered by pressure changes in the heart and blood vessels.
This 37 slide presentation provides an overview of the pelvis and pelvic floor anatomy. It discusses the bones that make up the pelvis, the true and false pelvis cavities, and the pelvic viscera in males and females. The muscles of the pelvic floor are described in detail, including the levator ani muscle and its components. Other structures covered include the pelvic fasciae, vasculature, nerves, pudendal canal, and related clinical terms. The presentation provides a comprehensive review of key anatomical structures and relationships in the pelvis region.
The document provides an overview of pelvic anatomy including:
1) It describes the three compartments of the pelvis (anterior, middle, posterior), pelvic structures like the bladder, uterus and rectum, and three supporting structures (endopelvic fascia, pelvic diaphragm, urogenital diaphragm).
2) It explains the pelvic diaphragm muscles (levator ani, puborectalis), their roles in support and continence, and how they can be identified on MRI.
3) It discusses the endopelvic fascia and its role in supporting pelvic organs, as well as ligaments like the uterosacral lig
Anatomy UHSR Solved QP. 2017 for B. Sc Nursing StudentsSathish Rajamani
The document discusses the anatomy and physiology of the kidney and knee joint. It provides details on the structure, blood supply, and relations of the kidney. It describes the kidney as being bean-shaped and protected by ribs. It also discusses the inner structure of the kidney including the cortex, medulla, pyramids and calyces. For the knee joint, it identifies it as the largest synovial joint, containing three joints. It outlines the ligaments and articulating bones of the knee and provides an overview of the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall including the external oblique, internal oblique, transverse abdominis and rectus abdominis muscles.
This document provides an overview of the abdomen, including:
1) The abdomen is bounded superiorly by the inferior thoracic aperture and inferiorly by the pelvis and lower limbs. It contains the peritoneal cavity housing major visceral organs.
2) The abdomen houses and protects the gastrointestinal organs, spleen, kidneys and other structures. It also assists in breathing through contraction and relaxation of the diaphragm and abdominal muscles.
3) Contraction of the abdominal muscles can increase intra-abdominal pressure to assist with micturition, defecation, and childbirth.
The document provides an overview of the human digestive system through a series of slides from a lecture presentation. It describes the main components and functions of the digestive tract, including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. It also discusses the accessory organs that contribute to digestion, such as the teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder and pancreas. The slides include diagrams and histological images to illustrate the anatomical structures and processes involved in ingestion, digestion, absorption and excretion of food.
The document provides an overview of the abdominal wall and gastrointestinal tract. It describes the surface landmarks and layers of the abdominal wall, including the muscles, fascia, and neurovascular structures. It then outlines the major components of the gastrointestinal tract, including the organs and their blood supply. It divides the GI tract into foregut, midgut, and hindgut sections based on embryonic development.
The document summarizes the structure and function of the spine. It describes the general structure of the vertebral column including the 33 vertebrae and 23 intervertebral discs. It then discusses the specific regions and curves of the spine. It provides details on the structure and function of the cervical region including the unique features of the atlas and axis bones. It also summarizes the ligaments, joints, range of motion, and importance of the spine in supporting the head and enabling movement.
This document is a chapter from a textbook on the language of medicine. It covers the digestive system, including the organs and their locations and functions. It begins with an introduction describing the four main functions of digestion: ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination. It then describes each organ of the digestive system in detail, from the oral cavity to the liver, gallbladder and pancreas. It includes illustrations of many organs and diagrams of the digestive pathway. It concludes with vocabulary terms and combining forms related to the digestive system.
This document is a chapter from a textbook on the language of medicine. It provides an overview of the digestive system, including the organs that make up the system and their locations and functions. It discusses the four main functions of the digestive system: ingestion, digestion, absorption and elimination. It also defines various medical terms related to the digestive system and provides illustrations of digestive organs and processes.
This document discusses merging or augmenting course sites on Blackboard. It provides examples of when merging or augmenting may be useful, such as for multiple sections, co-taught sections, or co-listed sections. It describes the difference between merging sites, which hides the original sites, and augmenting sites, which makes items shared in a combined site but keeps original sites visible. It also provides instructions for how to request that course sites be merged or augmented by emailing Blackboard support with the course details and specifying whether a merge or augment is needed.
This document discusses how to use a wiki in a Blackboard course. A wiki allows for collaborative writing and editing of content. Wikis can be used for group work, authentic audiences, and writing to learn. To set up a wiki in Blackboard, an instructor first organizes the content and creates a wiki document. They then generate wiki pages and links between pages. The instructor also adds a link from their course to the wiki. Finally, the wiki can be assessed through participation and grading features.
Blackboard Learn Course Customization: Teaching Styles and PropertiesUniversity of Miami
This document discusses how to customize courses by selecting teaching styles and properties. It explains that customization allows instructors to differentiate, organize, plan, and assist students. Teaching styles and properties can be found and selected on specific pages in the course customization tool. The document also provides a demonstration of customizing courses using styles and properties.
This document provides an overview of the Blackboard Calendar tool for instructors. It explains that the Calendar can be used to remind students of upcoming due dates, manually add items like lectures, drag and drop items to move them, and bulk move due dates. It also advertises an upcoming demonstration of the Calendar tool by Bill Vilberg and provides his contact information for questions.
The document discusses Blackboard Mobile, which allows students at UMiami to access course sites, announcements, documents and participate in discussions on their mobile devices. It highlights features like taking tests, using the Respondus Lockdown browser, and integrating with Dropbox and Google Docs. The slides are available online and it encourages keeping the app updated as mobile learning is still a work in progress at the university.
This document provides instructions for creating online sign-up sheets for student presentations using Blackboard Groups. It outlines creating a group set with sign-up sheets only and no other tools enabled. It then explains how to add a tool link to the main menu to make the sign-up sheets available for students to view and sign up for presentation time slots on specific dates.
SafeAssign is a plagiarism detection tool available through Blackboard that analyzes student assignments for originality. When an instructor creates a SafeAssignment, students submit their work which is analyzed on an external server. A report is then made available to both the student and instructor showing how much of the submitted content matches content in SafeAssign's databases, which include the internet, academic databases, and submissions from other institutions. SafeAssign is used across various disciplines at the university, with over 3,000 submissions and 187 assignments in the spring 2014 semester alone.
Flipping the Classroom: Flipping a Lesson Using Bloom's Taxonomy University of Miami
This document discusses flipping the classroom using Bloom's Taxonomy. It defines flipping as receiving instruction at home (through videos or other media) and doing homework and processing the material in class. The document recommends determining a "cognitive cutoff" point based on Bloom's Taxonomy to decide what content is covered at home versus in class. A six step process is outlined for flipping a lesson that involves writing objectives, organizing by Bloom's level, determining the cognitive cutoff, planning pre-class and in-class activities, and evaluating results to improve the lesson. Potential uses, concerns, and implications of flipping are also addressed.
O documento discute a importância da higiene das mãos para prevenir infecções hospitalares. Estimativas indicam que mais de 1,4 milhão de pessoas no mundo sofrem de infecções adquiridas em hospitais, causando custos significativos. A lavagem correta das mãos é a estratégia fundamental para reduzir a disseminação de microrganismos entre pacientes e profissionais de saúde.
O documento discute prioridades de pesquisa em enfermagem na área de segurança dos pacientes. Aborda a importância da produção de conhecimento científico para melhorar a qualidade e segurança dos cuidados de saúde. Também destaca desafios como o desenvolvimento de uma cultura de segurança e estudos sobre a percepção de profissionais e pacientes em relação aos riscos na assistência à saúde.
O documento discute o papel crucial das enfermeiras na promoção da segurança do paciente. Ele destaca que as enfermeiras são agentes-chave para liderar iniciativas de segurança do paciente e implementar ações comprovadas para reduzir eventos adversos. No entanto, muitos desafios institucionais e culturais dificultam esses esforços, como a falta de mudança cultural e sistemas inadequados. É necessária uma liderança forte e uma cultura de aprendizado para criar um ambiente seguro para os pacientes.
La violencia doméstica ocurre en todas las poblaciones y más de 1 de cada 3 mujeres y hombres en los EE.UU. han sido víctimas de violencia por parte de su pareja íntima. Las mujeres representan la mayoría de las víctimas. La violencia doméstica tiene graves consecuencias para la salud física y mental de las víctimas y sus familias, así como consecuencias sociales y económicas.
Este documento define la violencia doméstica y discute las definiciones legales y sociales. Explica que la violencia doméstica incluye la violencia física, sexual, psicológica y económica entre miembros de una pareja íntima o familia. También describe los diferentes tipos de violencia doméstica y la importancia de tener definiciones comunes para abordar y medir adecuadamente este problema.
Este documento describe las funciones y responsabilidades de los enfermeros al tratar casos de violencia doméstica. Los enfermeros deben prevenir, detectar e intervenir en casos de violencia doméstica mediante la educación, la detección rutinaria, la evaluación del riesgo, el desarrollo de planes de seguridad y la derivación a recursos comunitarios. También deben cumplir con los requisitos de denuncia obligatoria cuando se sospecha abuso de niños o adultos vulnerables.
Este documento presenta varias teorías y marcos conceptuales sobre la violencia doméstica, incluyendo perspectivas psicológicas, biológicas, de sistemas familiares y sociológicas. La teoría más ampliamente utilizada es el modelo ecológico de la OMS, que considera factores a nivel individual, de la relación, comunitario y social. También se describe la rueda del poder y control, que ilustra cómo se establece el control sobre las víctimas a través de diferentes tácticas, y el c
O documento discute os resultados do Estudo IBEAS sobre eventos adversos na América Latina, mostrando que a maioria estava relacionada a infecções. Também apresenta soluções para aumentar a segurança do paciente, como a lista de verificação cirúrgica, que reduziu complicações e mortalidade quando implementada. A instância prévia, momento para checar procedimentos antes de iniciar, também é importante para prevenir erros.
El documento describe las prácticas para prevenir y controlar la infección por VIH y otros patógenos transmitidos por la sangre. Explica que las precauciones estándar como la higiene de manos, el uso de equipo de protección personal y las soluciones de lejía son esenciales para todos los pacientes. También cubre la profilaxis post-exposición, que incluye el tratamiento antirretroviral después de una exposición ocupacional a la sangre infectada para reducir el riesgo de transmisión del VIH y la hepatitis.
Este documento describe el ciclo de vida del virus VIH y las diferentes clases de medicamentos antirretrovirales utilizados para tratar la infección por VIH. Explica las 6 etapas del ciclo de vida del VIH, desde que se une a las células CD4 hasta la muerte celular. También detalla las 6 clases principales de medicamentos antirretrovirales, incluidos los inhibidores de la transcriptasa inversa, la proteasa y la integrasa. Por último, resume las recomendaciones actuales sobre el tratamiento de la infección por VIH
Este documento describe el VIH y las pruebas para detectarlo. Explica que existen dos tipos de VIH (VIH-1 y VIH-2) y que la prueba ELISA se usa primero para detectar anticuerpos, seguida de una prueba de confirmación Western Blot si es positiva. También identifica a las poblaciones con mayor riesgo de contraer VIH y recomienda que los profesionales médicos ofrezcan exámenes de detección como parte de la atención rutinaria. Además, enfatiza la importancia
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
ABDOMINAL TRAUMA in pediatrics part one.drhasanrajab
Abdominal trauma in pediatrics refers to injuries or damage to the abdominal organs in children. It can occur due to various causes such as falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports-related injuries, and physical abuse. Children are more vulnerable to abdominal trauma due to their unique anatomical and physiological characteristics. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, tenderness, distension, vomiting, and signs of shock. Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Management depends on the severity and may involve conservative treatment or surgical intervention. Prevention is crucial in reducing the incidence of abdominal trauma in children.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com