Unit 2.7 Images

Programming and Development Tools Web Programming

UNIT

2.7
Web Programming
Images

OBJECTIVES
This unit helps you to add images to your Web page and catch the attention
of the users.
At the end of this unit, you will be able to
Insert images into a Web page
Format the Images
Convert images into hyperlinks
Add image maps to your Web page
Add image as background of your Web page

Benchmark standard
Add images to enhance the Web page to be more attractive and to
convey meaningful messages through Web pages.

Images 2.7-1


Let us Revise!

1. State the use of Link.
2. Name the two types of Hyperlinks.
3. Write how to change the colours of different links using the attributes of
<BODY> tag.
4. Write how to display a Web page in a new browser window.
5. Write the use of Target attribute.

Introduction
Pictures reach the mind more easily than the text. One picture is worth than a
hundred line of text. The users will be tired of reading text running to more
lines. So, it is advisable to add images in appropriate positions in a Web page
to create interest among the users. At the same time, too many images
increase the time of loading the Web page in the browser.

2.7.1 Inserting Images
Images can be inserted in a Web page. A Web page containing images is
shown in Figure 2.7.1.

Images 2.7-2


Figure 2.7.1: Web Page containing Images

Hands-On!
The following example illustrates how to insert images in a Web page,
Open the HTML file Image.html in Internet Explorer.
The code in Image.html file is given below:
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> God's Gift </TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY Bgcolor="Black" Text="Yellow">
<FONT Size="5">
<H1 Align="Left"> God's Gift </H1>
<IMG SRC="C:HTMLunit 7pinakki.gif" Width="400"
Height="300" Align="Left">
Inserts an Image

Images 2.7-3


<BR><BR>
All babies are good <BR>       by birth
<BR>
It's all up to the parents <BR>   to make it worth
</FONT>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Code Sample 2.7.1

The Web page shown in Figure 2.7.2 is displayed in the browser window.

Figure 2.7.2: A Web Page containing an Image
Images can be inserted into a Web page using <IMG> tag. The <IMG> tag
uses the Src attribute to specify the image to be displayed. For example, the
image in the Web page displayed in Figure 2.7.2 is displayed using the tag
<IMG Src=”Pinakki.gif”> where Pinakki.gif is the name of the image file
to be displayed.

Note

The two most popular image file types are GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) and JPEG (Joint
Photographic Experts Group).

Images 2.7-4


2.7.2 Formatting Images
Images add attraction to the Web pages. But care should be taken to display
the image in correct size and position. Images can be formatted using the
attributes of <IMG> tag. These attributes are explained in Table 2.7.1.
Attribute Use Example
Align To align the image to <IMG Src=”Picture1.jpg”
the left, right, center, Align=”Right”>
top or bottom with
respect to the text
Width To specify the width of <IMG Src=”Picture1.jpg”
the image in pixels Width=”400”>
Height To specify the height of <IMG Src=”Picture1.jpg”
the image in pixels Height=”400”>
Alt To display an alternate <IMG Src=”Picture1.jpg”
message if the browser Alt=”Your browser does
does not support this not support images”>
tag
HSpace To adjust the horizontal <IMG Src=”Picture1.jpg”
space between the HSpace=”150”>
image and the text
VSpace To adjust the vertical <IMG Src=”Picture1.jpg”
space between the VSpace=”150”>
image and the text

For example, the code used to display the image in the Web page shown in
Figure 2.7.2 is
<IMG Src="pinakki.gif" Width="400" Height="300"
Align="Left">

Lab Exercise

Lab Exercise 1: Open D7_1.html in Internet Explorer. The following code will be present in
D7_1.html.
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
Welcome to Malaysia
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<CENTER>
<H2>Welcome to Malaysia <H2>

Images 2.7-5


<IMG Src = "Malaysia.jpg" Border =3 Height
=75% Width =75%>
</CENTER>
</BODY>
</HTML>

1. Identify the tag which is used to insert the image in source code D7_1.html.
2. Name the attributes which are used in source code D7_1.html.

Lab Exercise 2: Open D7_1.html in Internet Explorer.
1. View the code in Notepad.
2. Change the border style as thicker.
3. Increase the height and width of the image to 50.

Lab Exercise 3: Open Malaysia.html that you have created under the folder in your name in
C:. Insert the picture for National Flower, Fruits and display the output as shown in the following
Figure 2.7.3 and 2.7.4.

Figure 2.7.3: National Flower

Images 2.7-6


Figure 2.7.4: Fruits in Malaysia

Self-Check Exercise 2.7.1

Write the HTML tag to display the image Tiger.jpg of height 400 and width 500 pixels. Align the
image to the right.

Activity 2.7.1

Create a Web page that explains the <IMG> tag as shown in Figure 2.7.5.
Save the HTML file as Activity1.html.
The hyperlink More about Images at the bottom of the page should be linked to
the Web page given in Activity 2.

Images 2.7-7


Figure 2.7.5: A Web page explaining <IMG> tag

2.7.3 Hyperlink Images
You know that a hyperlink is a text which when clicked opens the Web page
to which it is linked to. Images can also be used as Hyperlink.

Hands-On!
The following example illustrates how to use images as hyperlink in a Web
page:
Open the HTML file Imagelink.html in Internet Explorer.
The code in Image.html file is given below:
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> Image Hyperlink </TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY><FONT Size="5">
Click the <A Href="c:HTMLunit 7Hands OnImage.html">
<IMG src="Pinakki.gif" Width="50" Height="35"></A> icon
to see a bigger image

Images 2.7-8


</FONT> <IMG> tag placed inside <A>
tag (Image acts as a
</BODY> Hyperlink)
</HTML>
Code Sample 2.7.2


Figure 2.7.6: Web Page containing Image as hyperlink
Click the icon. The Web page shown in Figure 2.7.7 is displayed in the
browser window.

Images 2.7-9


Figure 2.7.7: Linked Web page
In the Web page displayed in Figure 2.7.6, when you clicked the small image
a Web page containing the bigger image was displayed. The small image
here acted as a hyperlink because of the following code:
<A Href="c:HTMLunit 7Hands OnImage.html"> <IMG
src="Pinakki.gif" Width="50" Height="35"></A>
In the above code, the <IMG> tag that is used to display the image is
enclosed within the <A> and </A> tags. Hence the image acts as a hyperlink.

Lab Exercise

Lab Exercise 4: Write a HTML code to display the output as given in the following Figure 2.7.8
using <IMG> and <A> tag. Save the file as Flag.html under the folder in your name in C:.
When you click on the text “National Flower”, the following description should be displayed in
the same page using internal hyper link.
National Flag
The Malaysian flag is a combination of traditional Islamic symbols and the
Stars and Stripes. The National flag consists of fourteen red and white
stripes, a union of carton of dark blue, a crescent and a star. The 14
stripes on the Malaysian flag represent the 14 states of Malaysia. The
dark blue carton is the symbol of Islam, the official religion and the
colour yellow is the colour of royalty.

Images 2.7-10


Figure 2.7.8: National Flag

2.7.4 Image Map
You learnt that images can be used as Hyperlink. The different parts of an
image can also be used as hyperlinks. This is known as Image Map.

Hands-On!
The following example illustrates how Image Map works.
Open the HTML file Imagemap.html in Internet Explorer.
The code in Imagemap.html file is given below:
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> Image Map </TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1 Align="Center">Human Skeleton</H1>
<FONT Size="5">Click on any of the bones

Images 2.7-11


<IMG Src="Skeleton.jpg" Align="Middle" Width=200
Height=500 Usemap="#Skeletonmap"> to know the name of it
</FONT>
<MAP Id="Skeletonmap">
<AREA Shape="Circle" Coords="100,30,30" Alt="Skull"
Href="Skull.html">
<AREA Shape="Rect" Coords="60,90,140,160" Alt="Ribs"
Href="Ribs.html">
<AREA Shape="Rect" Coords="10,85,45,300" Alt="Hand"
Href="Hand.html">
<AREA Shape="Rect" Coords="150,85,185,300"
Alt="Hand" Href="Hand.html">
<AREA Shape="Rect" Coords="45,250,150,500" Alt="Leg"
Href="Leg.html">
</MAP>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Code Sample 2.7.3

Figure 2.7.9: A Web page containing Image Map

Images 2.7-12


Move the mouse pointer to the ribs of the skeleton and click on it. A Web page
with a closer view of the ribs is displayed as shown in Figure 2.7.10.

Figure 2.7.10: Linked Web page

When you clicked the ribs part of the skeleton, a Web page showing the
close-up view of the ribs is opened. The clicked part of the image acts as a
hyperlink. The clicked part is linked to the Ribs.html document and hence it is
opened. Any part of the image can be made as hyperlink. Three tags are used
to create an Image map. They are:
<IMG>
<MAP>
<AREA>
The <IMG> tag uses the Src attribute to specify the image to be displayed and
Usemap attribute is used as a reference. The value of the Usemap attribute
should be preceded by # symbol.
The <MAP> tag is used to convert different areas of the image into hyperlinks.
The Id attribute specifies the name of the Image map. The name given in the
Id attribute of the <MAP> tag should be the same as the name given in the
Usemap attribute of the <IMG> tag.
The <AREA> tag specifies area of the part of the image to be used as
hyperlink. The area is specified by the Shape and Coords attributes. To specify

Images 2.7-13


a rectangular area as hyperlink, give the value of Shape as Rect and give four
values separated by comma for Coords attribute. The first two values
represent the coordinates of the top left corner of the rectangle. The next two
values represent the coordinates of the bottom right corner of the rectangle.
For example, the following code is used to make the ribs part of the skeleton
shown in Figure 2.7.9 as hyperlink:
<AREA Shape="Rect" Coords="60,90,140,160" Alt="Ribs"
Href="Ribs.html">
To specify a circular area as hyperlink, give the value of Shape as Circle and
give three values separated by comma for Coords attribute. The first two
values represent the centre of the circle. The third value represents the radius
of the circle. For example, the following code is used to make the skull part of
the skeleton shown in Figure 2.7.9 as hyperlink:
<AREA Shape="Circle" Coords="100,30,30" Alt="Skull"
Href="Skull.html">
The Href attribute specifies the name of the HTML document to be opened
when clicked in the specified area.

Note

The top left corner of the image is the origin. i.e (0, 0)

Lab Exercise

Lab Exercise 4: Write a HTML code to display the output as given in the following Figure
2.7.11 and 2.7.12 using image map. When you click on the pond, a Web page should show
the close-up view of the pond.
When you click on the bridge, a Web page should show the close-up view of the bridge.
When you click on the top portion of the tower, a Web page should show the close-up view of
the top portion.

Figure 2.7.11: Image Map

Images 2.7-14


Figure 2.7.12: Image Map

2.7.5 Background
Images can also be added as background of a Web page. Figure 2.7.13
shows a Web page with an image as a background.

Figure 2.7.13: Web Page with an image as background

Images 2.7-15


To add an image as a background instead of colour, replace BGCOLOR with
BACKGROUND attribute in the <BODY> tag as follows:
<BODY Background=”Pinakki.jpg”>
The value for the Background attribute is an image file. In the above example,
the background of the page will be blank, if the image file is not in its location.

Activity 2.7.2

Create a Web page that explains how to add images as shown in Figure
2.7.14.
Save the HTML file as Activity2.html .
The Image hyperlink at the bottom of the page should be linked to
Activity1.html.

Figure 2.7.14: A Web Page Explaining Adding Images

Images 2.7-16


Activity 2.7.3

Create a Web page that explains about the Internet as shown in Figure
2.7.15. The continuation of the Web page is shown in Figure 2.7.16.
Save the HTML file as Activity3.html.

Figure 2.7.15: A Web Page Explaining the Internet

Images 2.7-17


Figure 2.7.16: Continuation of Web Page shown in Figure 2.7.15

Self-Check Exercise 2.7.2

Write the tags and attributes used to do the following:
1. Add an image - _______________
2. Add an image whose size is specified - __________________.
3. Add the image Image1.jpg as the background of a Web page - __________.

Technical Terminologies

Hyperlink - A Hyperlink is a text or image that is linked to a
location in the same Web page or to a different Web
page.
Image Map - The concept of different parts of an Image acting as
hyperlink is called Image Map.

Images 2.7-18


Summary
In this unit, you learnt that
Images can be inserted into a Web page using <IMG> tag.
Images can be formatted using the attributes of <IMG> tag.
Images can also be used as Hyperlink.
The concept of different parts of an Image acting as hyperlink is
called Image Map.
To add an image as a background instead of colour, replace
BGCOLOR with BACKGROUND attribute in the <BODY> tag.

Assignment

I. Answer the following questions:
1. Write how you will insert images in your Web page?
2. Name the attributes that are used to change the size of the image in a
Web page.
3. Describe how you will convert an image to a hyperlink.
4. Define Image Map?
5. Write the tag and attribute used to display an image as the background
of a Web page.

Images 2.7-19


Criterion Referenced Test
Instruction: Students must evaluate themselves to attain the list of
competencies to be achieved.

Name:
Subject: Programming and Development Tools
Unit: Images

Please tick [ √ ] the appropriate box when you have achieved the respective
competency.

Date Images
C1 C2 C3 C4 C5

Comment

Competency codes:

C1 = Add an Image to a Web page.
C2 = Change the size of the image.
C3 = Create an image hyperlink.
C4 = Create an image map.
C5 = Add image as a background of a Web page.

Images 2.7-20

Unit 2.7 Images

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