The Conditionals

1. Prof. Zelideth Aponte

2. Prof. Zelideth Aponte
Sometimes we call them 'if clauses'. They describe the result of
something that might happen (in the present or future) or might have
happened but didn't (in the past) . They are made using different
English verb tenses.
There are four main kinds of conditionals:
The Zero Conditional: (if + present simple, ... present simple)
The First Conditional: (if + present simple, ... will + infinitive)
The Second Conditional: (if + past simple, ... would + infinitive)
The Third Conditional: (if + past perfect, ... would + have + past
participle)

3. Prof. Zelideth Aponte
The result will always happen.
It's a fact.
The result of the 'if clause' is
always the main clause.
- If water reaches 100 degrees,
it boils. (It is always true)
- If you do not put sun cream,
you get burned.
IF + PRESENT SIMPLE, .... PRESENT SIMPLE.

4. Prof. Zelideth Aponte
Things which might happen in the
future.
It describes possible things, which
could easily come true.
- If it rains, I won't go to the
park.
- If I study today, I will get good
grades.
IF + PRESENT SIMPLE, .... WILL + VERB INFINITIVE

5. Prof. Zelideth Aponte
Things in the future that are
probably not going to be true.
(imagining some dream)
Something in the present which is
impossible, because it's not true.
- She would travel all over the
world if she were rich.
- If I were you, I wouldn't go out
with that man.
IF + PAST SIMPLE, .... WOULD + VERB INFINITIVE
We use 'were' instead of 'was' with 'I' and 'he/she/it'.

6. Prof. Zelideth Aponte
It talks about the past.
It's used to describe a situation
that didn't happen, and to imagine
the result of this situation.
- If I hadn't eaten so much, I
wouldn't have felt sick (but I
did eat a lot, and so I did feel
sick).
- If we had put some yeast, the
cake would have risen.
IF + PAST PERFECT, ...WOULD + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE

7. Prof. Zelideth Aponte

8. Prof. Zelideth Aponte
Zero Conditional Form
Make the zero conditional
• If I ________ (wake up) late, I________ (be) late for work.
• If my husband________(cook) , he ________ (burn) the food.
• If Julie ________(not/wear) a hat, she _________ (get)
sunstroke.
• If children _________(not/eat) well, they _________(not/be)
healthy.
• If you ________ (mix) water and electricity, you ________ (get) a
shock.

9. Prof. Zelideth Aponte
First Conditional Form
Make the first conditional
• If I ________ (go) out tonight, I ________ (go) to the cinema.
• If you ________ (get) back late, I ________ (be) angry.
• If we ________ (not/see) each other tomorrow, we ________
(see) each other next week.
• If he _________ (come) , I ________ (be) surprised.
• If we ________ (wait) here, we ________ (be) late.

10. Prof. Zelideth Aponte
Second Conditional Form
Make the second conditional
• If I ________ (be) you, I ________(get) a new job.
• If he ________ be younger, he ________ travel more.
• If we ________ (not/be) friends, I ________ (be) angry with you.
• If I ________ (have) enough money, I ________ (buy) a big
house.
• If she ________ (not/be) always so late, she ________ (be)
promoted.

11. Prof. Zelideth Aponte
Third Conditional Form
Make the third conditional
1) If you ________ (not/be) late, we ________ (not/miss) the bus.
2) If she ________ (study) she ________ (pass) the exam.
3) If we ________ (arrive) earlier, we ________ (see) John.
4) If they ________ (go) to bed early, they ________ (not/wake) up
late.
5) If he ________ (become) a musician, he ________ (record) a
CD.

12. Prof. Zelideth Aponte