The document summarizes the past perfect tense, which is used to talk about actions that were completed before another past action. It provides examples of regular and irregular verbs in the past perfect tense, including the negative and question forms. Examples are given to illustrate using the past perfect tense to refer to actions that occurred prior to other past events.

1. Past Perfect Tense
Talking about past actions

2. Past Perfect Tense:
Subject + Had + Past Participle
Sing Plural
I had gone We had gone
You had gone You had gone
He/she/it had gone They had gone
Negative: Subject + had + not + past part.
She hadn’t gone
They had not eaten anything
They hadn’t eaten anything

3. Question: (?)
Had + Subject + Past Participle
Had he arrived at the airport before the plane landed ?
Had they paid the money earlier than the due date ?
Had they left the building when the police arrived ?
Regular verbs
Present Simple Past Past Perfect
Live Lived had lived
Walk walked had walked
Irregular verbs
Go went had gone
Have had had had

4. Past Perfect Tense is used for an action in the past which was
completed before another past action in the past. It takes
place before another past action in the past.
Past Perfect Tense
Subject + had + past participle
He had lived in many different cities in Turkey before he
settled down in Izmir.
___X _____________ X _____________I Present
had lived in settled down in
many cities in TU Izmir
(going back to some previous action in the past which was
completed before another past action)

5. I had worked in many different companies before I found a
well paying job with an international company.
I had taught in many different schools before I started my
teaching position in this university.
They had never been to Izmir until last summer.
The football team had won three matches one after
another until it was able to play in the champions league.
My boy friend had eaten three pieces of pizza until he asked
for another slice.

6. Past Perfect Continuous:
Subject + had + been + V+ing
I had not been walking for a long time when suddenly
it began to rain.
We had been sleeping for ten hours when suddenly
we woke up by the sound of a crash coming down
from the street.
She had been looking for her ring for two hours and
then she found it in the bathroom.
We had been waiting in the station for 90 minutes
when the train finally arrived.
How long had you been driving before you noticed
that you ran out of petrol?

7. • Connect the past actions on the left with the
sentences bellow; make the necessary changes in
the verb forms :
• I was tired all day because …...
Past actions
• Before I _______ (able to) save enough
1. I ____________ (buy) three DVDs money.
2. The thieves ___________(go) away
• By the time I _______(arrive) at my
3. The jewelry shop _________ (sell)
the necklace .
apartment ….
4. Her husband took her to a • ……before the DNR shop was closed.
helicopter ride over the city of • She ____________(never/ ride) a helicopter
Istanbul. before
5. He ____________ (make ) phone
calls to hotel and reserved a room . • before he ________ (take off) from Istanbul
6. She ___________ (finish) the report to Bodrum.
for computer science. • Until I arrived at the party ………….
7. They __________ (eat) everything. • …………..we were late for the plane
8. We ____________ (not able to ) get
a taxi.
• Before the day we had to turn in our papers.
9. I ____________ (not sleep) well the • By the time my mother switched off the lights
night before. ……………….
10. I ____________ (sleeping ) on the • The squirrels ____________ (flee) already
sofa for about an hour.
before ……..
11. I _________ (take) out my rifle and
get it ready to shoot