This document discusses various properties and types of engineering materials. It defines properties such as ductility, elasticity, toughness, hardness, creep, and resilience. It describes ferrous alloys which contain iron as the main element and lists examples. It also describes non-ferrous alloys which do not contain iron as the main element and provides examples. The document discusses composite materials which are made by combining two or more materials and retain their identities. It provides guidelines for selecting materials based on cost, availability, properties for the application, and suitability for manufacturing processes.

1. Unit No. 2 - Design Fundamentals
Engineering Materials

2. The property of material to retain permanent deformation
after external load is removed.
The property of material to regain its original shape after
deformation when external load is removed.
Ability to withstand stress without failure when subjected to
fatigue loading.
Ability of material to resist static load (i.e. gradually applied
load) without failure.

3. Ability of material to formed by hammering or rolling.
Breaking of material with little/small permanent distortion.
Ability of material to undergo plastic deformation under
tensile loading before fracture.
Ability to resist deformation under the load is called as
stiffness or also rigidity.

4. The progressive deformation over a period under constant
load at high temperature is called creep.
The property which enables resistance to penetration,
abrasion, indentation or plastic deformation is called hardness.
The Capacity of material to absorb energy before failure.
The Capacity of material to absorb energy within elastic range
is called as resilience.

6. Ferrous alloys have iron as their main constituent or element.
They are made by refining pig iron and adding to it other
elements to produce a desired combination of mechanical
properties.
Common examples are:
Alloy Cast Iron
Plain Carbon
Steel
Cast Steels
High Alloy Steels
Alloy Steels

7. Non-Ferrous alloys have a metal other than iron as their main
constituent or element.
They are preferred in certain applications because of
properties like corrosion resistance, Special electrical &
magnetic properties, Castability and facility of cold working.
Common examples are:
Aluminum Alloys
Babbit Metal

8. Common examples are:
Carbon
Asbestos
Plastics
Ceramics

9. Composite materials are made by combining two or more
different materials mechanically or metallurgically.
Reinforced Composite
The components of composite material do not form an alloy,
but they maintain their identities even after composite
material is formed.
The composite material combine the properties of the parent
materials and thus posses a unique combination of properties.
The parent materials in composite can be organic materials,
ceramic materials or metals.

10. The materials should be selected such that the total cost
should be minimum. The total cost includes: the cost of
material and cost of processing the material.
The materials which are readily available in abundance in
market should be selected. Avoid selecting material which is
not easily available.

11. The material should be selected in such a way that its
properties are in accordance with the application of the
product or element.
The selected material should be suitable for the required
manufacturing processes. If the material is found suitable
from all other considerations the manufacturing process can
be changed if feasible.