Unit 1 for the "Values in Science and Technology" module of the "Systems of Knowledge" course.
This unit covers the following topics:
- Ancient science
- The empirical approach in modern science
- Types of sciences - natural and social sciences, pure and applied sciences)
- Core characteristics of science
- The importance of scientific literacy
Biology is the branch of science which deals with the study of living organism and their life processes. It covers all aspect of the study of living creatures like growth, structure, occurrence, classification, ecology, economics importance, external form, organization, internal structure, nutrition among others
Biology is the branch of science which deals with the study of living organism and their life processes. It covers all aspect of the study of living creatures like growth, structure, occurrence, classification, ecology, economics importance, external form, organization, internal structure, nutrition among others
Chapter 1 section 1
1. What is science?
1.1. Identify how science is a part of your everyday life.
1.2. Describe what skills and tools are used in science.
The history of science is the study of the development of science and scientific knowledge, including both the natural sciences and social sciences. (The history of the arts and humanities is termed as the history of scholarship.) Science is a body of empirical, theoretical, and practical knowledge about the natural world, produced by scientists who emphasize the observation, explanation, and prediction of real world phenomena. Historiography of science, in contrast, studies the methods by which historians study the history of science.
The English word scientist is relatively recent—first coined by William Whewell in the 19th century.[1] Previously, people investigating nature called themselves "natural philosophers". While empirical investigations of the natural world have been described since classical antiquity (for example, by Thales and Aristotle), and scientific method has been employed since the Middle Ages (for example, by Ibn al-Haytham and Roger Bacon), modern science began to develop in the early modern period, and in particular in the scientific revolution of 16th- and 17th-century Europe.[2] Traditionally, historians of science have defined science sufficiently broadly to include those earlier inquiries.[3]
From the 18th century through late 20th century, the history of science, especially of the physical and biological sciences, was often presented in a progressive narrative in which true theories replaced false beliefs.[4] Some more recent historical interpretations, such as those of Thomas Kuhn, tend to portray the history of science in different terms, such as that of competing paradigms or conceptual systems in a wider matrix that includes intellectual, cultural, economic and political themes outside of science
What is science? Science, pseudoscience, non-scienceDennis Miller
Science plays a fundamental role in modern society. But what exactly is science? In philosophy this question is known as the demarcation problem (Popper, Kuhn, Laudan and others).
classify organisms using the hierarchical taxonomic system
create mnemonic device on biological taxonomic system
3.discuss the quotation “Where there is unity there is victory”-Publilius Syrus
Essay about Sci-fI Films
Science Essay
Scientific Theory Essay
Evolution of Science Essay
My Love For Science
Essay about Life Science
My Passion For Science
Environmental Science Essay
Essay on Forensic Science
What Is Earth Science? Essay
"All life is biology. All biology is physiology. All physiology is chemistry. All chemistry is physics. All physics is math." Dr. Stephen Marquardt
Classical physics vs. quantum physic
Drug interactions vs. electromagnetic interactions
If there is science, it must be math
Phi, The Golden Number
God, Creation and Phi
Phi and the human body
Sound, vibration and form
Forms, patterns, geometries, ratios
Chapter 1 section 1
1. What is science?
1.1. Identify how science is a part of your everyday life.
1.2. Describe what skills and tools are used in science.
The history of science is the study of the development of science and scientific knowledge, including both the natural sciences and social sciences. (The history of the arts and humanities is termed as the history of scholarship.) Science is a body of empirical, theoretical, and practical knowledge about the natural world, produced by scientists who emphasize the observation, explanation, and prediction of real world phenomena. Historiography of science, in contrast, studies the methods by which historians study the history of science.
The English word scientist is relatively recent—first coined by William Whewell in the 19th century.[1] Previously, people investigating nature called themselves "natural philosophers". While empirical investigations of the natural world have been described since classical antiquity (for example, by Thales and Aristotle), and scientific method has been employed since the Middle Ages (for example, by Ibn al-Haytham and Roger Bacon), modern science began to develop in the early modern period, and in particular in the scientific revolution of 16th- and 17th-century Europe.[2] Traditionally, historians of science have defined science sufficiently broadly to include those earlier inquiries.[3]
From the 18th century through late 20th century, the history of science, especially of the physical and biological sciences, was often presented in a progressive narrative in which true theories replaced false beliefs.[4] Some more recent historical interpretations, such as those of Thomas Kuhn, tend to portray the history of science in different terms, such as that of competing paradigms or conceptual systems in a wider matrix that includes intellectual, cultural, economic and political themes outside of science
What is science? Science, pseudoscience, non-scienceDennis Miller
Science plays a fundamental role in modern society. But what exactly is science? In philosophy this question is known as the demarcation problem (Popper, Kuhn, Laudan and others).
classify organisms using the hierarchical taxonomic system
create mnemonic device on biological taxonomic system
3.discuss the quotation “Where there is unity there is victory”-Publilius Syrus
Essay about Sci-fI Films
Science Essay
Scientific Theory Essay
Evolution of Science Essay
My Love For Science
Essay about Life Science
My Passion For Science
Environmental Science Essay
Essay on Forensic Science
What Is Earth Science? Essay
"All life is biology. All biology is physiology. All physiology is chemistry. All chemistry is physics. All physics is math." Dr. Stephen Marquardt
Classical physics vs. quantum physic
Drug interactions vs. electromagnetic interactions
If there is science, it must be math
Phi, The Golden Number
God, Creation and Phi
Phi and the human body
Sound, vibration and form
Forms, patterns, geometries, ratios
Brief history of science from Aristotle, Galileo, Bacon, Descartes to Max Weber, Foucault
Theories of Science: Induction, deduction
Critical thinking of science
Value of Science Essay
The Scientific Method Essay
scientific literacy Essay
Essay on Forensic Science
Computer Science Essay
Science Essay
Scientific Theory Essay
Environmental Science Essay
Science Honor Society Essay
Reflective Essay On Science
My Passion For Science
Essay about Life Science
Презентация по английскому языку _Научные открытия_.pptdomik011337
Science and motivation, what you want. When I was a kid I used to think that everything in life was possible, but now I dont think so. There are a lot of reasons to give up and to live. We, by ourselves decide our fate what to do and where. Once you start realising you are doing great, you wont be needing any more motivation or so. When I was a kid I had a dream to become an engineer, however I couldn't become one because of our school system. Youll say Im looking for reasons, but no. Our school really ruined everything in me.
The Impact of Modern Science and Technology Essay
Science Essay
Essay on History and Philosophy of Science
Reflection On Science And Technology
The Limits of Science Essays
Human Science And Natural Science
Scientific Theory Essay
Ethics in Science Essay
Essay on Science in Society
Essay on Teaching as an Art or a Science
Science As Product And Science
Science And Its Effect On Society Essay
Essay about The Importance of a Science Education
Value of Science Essay
Reflective Essay On Science
The Philosophy of Science Essay
Reflection Paper On Science And Science
Science: Friend or Foe? Essays
Environmental Science Essay
Evolution of Science Essay
Science Essay
Reflection Paper On Science And Science
The Philosophy of Science Essay
Essay on Views on the Importance of Science
The Limits of Science Essays
Science: Friend or Foe? Essays
Science Observation Essay
My Love For Science
Human Science And Natural Science
Scientific Theory Essay
Ethics in Science Essay
My Passion For Science
Physical Science Reflection
What Is Earth Science? Essay
Science, Non Science And Pseudo Science
Science And Its Impact On Science
Value of Science Essay
Reflective Essay On Science
Essay about The Importance of a Science Education
Environmental Science Essay
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Ethics in Science Essay
What do you think of when you hear or see the word science ; test tubes, Einstein, Space? Science is generally taken as meaning either (a) the exact sciences, such as chemistry, physics, etc., or (b) a method of thought which obtains verifiable results by reasoning logically from observed fact (Orwell). Scientists are those who study science by scientific method. These men of science , which Orwell describes as a biologist, and astronomer, perhaps a psychologist or a mathematician , work by means of induction and deduction, and that by the help of these operations, they, in a sort of sense, wring from Nature certain other things, which are called natural laws, and causes, and that out of these, by some cunning skill of their own,...show more content...This undoubtedly demonstrations the pros and cons of inventions made through science.
There are people who abuse medicine, and other creations from science, for numerous different reasons. Things like guns and nuclear weapons were formed to protect, but with the downside of killing others. With all of this this being said, should there be a limit to things we make? More importantly, does science have an ethical responsibility to humanity? I think to answer that question, we need to start with deciding if scientists have an ethical responsibility to humanity.
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Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
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Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
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2. What is Science?
Science is usually seen by most people as an organized body of
knowledge.
“Science is more than a body of knowledge. It is a way of thinking;
a way of skeptically interrogating the universe with a fine
understanding of human fallibility”
– Carl Sagan.
3. What is Science?
Dictionary Definition:
“Science is a systematic enterprise that builds and
organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and
predictions about the universe.”
4. Ancient Science and
Modern Science
Science emerged from philosophy. In the past, science was known
as “natural philosophy”.
“Ancient Science” - Pre-1600s
“Modern Science” 1600s+
5. Ancient Science and
Modern Science
Example of Science in Antiquity – Eratosthenes measures the
circumference of the Earth, 200BC
Video: Cosmos - Eratosthenes
6. Ancient Science
Ancient Greece, 500 BC
Argued the concept of “Cosmos” (order) in favour of “Chaos”
(disorder)
Antikythera Mechanism
7. Ancient Science
Socrates and Plato distrusted the senses as reliable sources of
knowledge since our senses could easily be fooled.
Plato’s Allegory of the Cave
“The Matrix” 1999
8. When did “Modern Science”
begin?
Galileo Galilei
Known as the “father of modern science”
Emphasis on empirical evidence – knowledge must be
verified by observation or experience rather than theory
or pure logic.
He combined sensory experience with technological
instruments – extensions of our senses.
9. When did “Modern Science”
begin?
Galileo developed the telescope in 1609 and used it to
observe the moon, the planets and the stars.
10. When did “Modern Science”
begin?
He discovered 4 moons orbiting the planet Jupiter.
Jupiter and its moons
as viewed through
Galileo’s telescope
11.
12. When did “Modern Science”
begin?
Most importantly, he gathered
observational evidence that overturned
widely-held beliefs.
13. The Different Fields of Science
The Sciences are often divided into “Natural Sciences” and “Social
Sciences” (aka “hard” and “soft” sciences)
Should all sciences be conducted in the same way?
How do we determine what counts as a “real science”?
14. Pure Science and Applied Science
The Sciences can also be categorized as “pure” or “applied”
sciences.
Pure Science research is done for knowledge’s own sake.
Applied Science results in useful applications of that knowledge.
It is important to recognize that although most members of the
public recognize the usefulness of the applied sciences, many of
the technologies we use today would not have been developed
without investing in pure science research.
15.
16. Pure Science and Applied Science
Case Study: From antimatter research to fighting cancer
In 1928, the theoretical physicist Paul Dirac predicted that every
particle in nature has a corresponding antiparticle – antimatter.
Experiments using particle accelerators throughout the 20th
century confirmed the existence of antimatter.
When an antimatter particle meets its matter counterpart, they
are both annihilated, becoming gamma rays.
17. Pure Science and Applied Science
Case Study: From antimatter research to
fighting cancer
It was discovered that certain types of
radioactive decay produce antimatter particles.
An application of this knowledge involves
producing a radioactive form of glucose, which
when injected into cancer patients would tend
to accumulate in cancer cells.
As the antimatter is produced and instantly
annihilated, small amounts of gamma rays are
emitted from the cancer cells.
18. Pure Science and Applied Science
Case Study: From antimatter research to fighting
cancer
Positron-Emission Tomography (PET) is a sophisticated
scanning technique which maps the emissions of the
gamma rays and builds a 3D image of the tumour.
Precise knowledge of the position and shape of the
tumour helps surgeons operate on cancer patients with
minimal damage.
Through early detection of cancer, this technology has
saved countless lives.
Such a useful and sophisticated application would not
have been possible without the curiosity-driven research
in particle physics.
19. What about Mathematics?
Math is a tool that is vital to science.
Pure mathematics is not a science in
itself since it is not based in experiment
and therefore not bound by reality. It
may describe objects or processes that
do not occur in nature.
The relationship between physics and
mathematics is especially tight.
“Math is the language of the Universe”
– Neil deGrasse Tyson
20. Characteristics of Science
Scientific conclusions are reliable, though tentative.
Science does not assume it knows the truth about
the world by deduction alone.
It must discover this knowledge through hard work;
experimentation.
Scientists never claim absolute knowledge.
21. Characteristics of Science
Science is not democratic
If everybody believed the Sun revolved
around the Earth, would that make it
true?
Scientific knowledge must be testable
and repeatable by other scientists; a
single experiment is not enough.
Intense scrutiny and criticism within the
scientific community.
22. Characteristics of Science
Science is non-dogmatic
“Dogma” – principle laid down by an authority as
incontrovertibly true. There are no dogmas in
Science. Everything can be questioned.
Theories are frequently challenged and improved.
Nothing in Science needs to be accepted on
Faith.
Science only needs one assumption:
Nature has order and works according to fixed laws
Is this a reasonable assumption ?
23.
24. Characteristics of Science
Science cannot make moral decisions
No scientific experiment can tell you whether
something is morally right or wrong.
“Scientific knowledge is an enabling power to do
either good or bad — but it does not carry
instructions on how to use it.”
– Richard Feynman
“Science can only ascertain what is, but not
what should be, and outside of its domain value
judgments of all kinds remain necessary.”
– Albert Einstein
25. Characteristics of Science
Science cannot make moral decisions
Science, however, has a profound influence on our morality; it can
provide us with the necessary information for us to make an informed
decision.
Some aspects of morality can be studied in a scientific way (e.g.
studying cooperation and altruism in humans and animals).
26. Science and Beauty
“Unweaving the Rainbow”?
Science is often accused of removing the beauty in nature.
Poets such as John Keats and William Blake accused Isaac Newton
of destroying the poetry of the rainbow by “reducing it to the
prismatic colours”.
Famous scientists have responded to this common accusation by
pointing out that discovering true knowledge about the way nature
works only ADDS beauty and wonder to the phenomena of nature.
Video: Richard Feynman - Beauty
27. “Far more marvellous is
the truth than any artists
of the past imagined it”
– Richard Feynman
28. Science and the Public
The Importance of Scientific Literacy
Our civilization and culture is based in science and technology.
Scientific literacy involves having knowledge of basic scientific facts
but more importantly knowing how science works, as well as the
ability to think scientifically.
Why is it important to ensure that members of the public are
scientifically literate?
What can be done to increase scientific literacy in the public?