Unit 1 Quark Research Paper

Unit 1 Quark Research Paper
Scientists once thought that atoms were the main building blocks of matter. Research and experimentation led them to the discovery of protons,
neutrons, and electrons. Satisfied with their discovery, they could not have possibly imagined anything smaller than a proton or a neutron, which is
about 10–15 in diameter. The first idea for a smaller particle came in 1935 from Hideki Yukawa, who thought that there were smaller particles which
could hold the neutrons and protons together in the nucleus (Chen 14). However, in 1964, Murray Gellmann and George Zweig independently
postulated, then discovered, the quark, the smallest particle of matter that has yet been discovered. Simply postulating the quark did not fool other
scientists, though, and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The first is called radioactive decay. Do you recall the six types (flavors) of quarks? Quarks are able to change their energy type, thus resulting in d
quarks to become u quarks (called beta minus decay) or u quarks to become d quarks (beta plus decay). While these changes may seem very small,
larger things can become of it. When beta plus decay occurs, a positive charge is added, thus changing the neutron into a proton (or vice versa with
beta minus decay). If we change a neutron into a proton, the entire makeup of the atom changes, which may change the makeup of molecules, or an
entire substance! The second process is gauge transformation, which is changing from one combination of three "colors" to a whole new combination
of colors. You are right if you think this does not seem like a very large change. The physics of the quark remain unaltered, as only the state has
changed, and it does not result in radioactive
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The Discovery Of The Higgs Boson
The universe is weird. Its positively maddening how, despite knowing so much, we humans only know four percent of all the knowable stuff the
universe has to tell. New discoveries are being made every day about multitudes of subjects. Cures for diseases, new background into the first
organisms to inhabit the planet, and new advances in personal technology occur so often that it may be difficult to be shocked by the world around
us. However every so often a discovery is made, and an experiment goes perfectly right. The discovery of the Higgs Boson is that experiment. Well,
metaphorically speaking it is. The universe and science lend themselves well to hyperbole however the truth is never so simple. The Higgs Boson is the
fundamental particle that gives everything mass. The standard model of physics depends on the Higgs Bosons ' existence. The Standard Model is an
explanation for how the building blocks of the universe interact with matter(CERN Accelerating Science, The Standard Model). According to the
Standard Model, All matter is made of elementary particles. Elementary particles are the building blocks of matter and are separated into two groups,
Leptons and Quarks. Both Leptons and Quarks contain groups and generations. The groups, containing six particles each, are related in pairs known as
generations. Quark generations are broken up in three pairs. Up and Down Quark, Charm and Strange Quark, and Top and Bottom Quark. Leptons are
also grouped in three generations.

Particle Fever: Where Ideas Come To Life
Particle Fever: Where Ideas Come To Life
Curiosity, one of the most fundamental of all instincts that drives humanity in a relentless quest for knowledge. This instinct gives rise to one of the
biggest experiments in history, the making of the LHC–The Large Hadron Collider. The Particle Fever an acclaimed and award winning 2013
documentary film that takes the audience on an inspirational and breathtaking journey to witness the LHC come to life.
The documentary's prime objective is to make the audience understand the importance of scientific endeavour and discovery, convincing them of the
impact that it can have. The reason being that pursuing science/scientific research requires dedication, passion, ingenuity and collaboration combined
with belief that the experiments that are being performed by the scientists can change the society and humanity as a whole. The importance of
scientific discovery in conveyed in the documentary as it uses distinct techniques like imagery and symbolism to convey the ideas. As seen in the
picture the circle that is drawn using a various colors symbolizes the Higgs boson and the contribution of theorists in the development of the theory.
The second picture shows the particle accelerator/ LHC which depicts the work of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This diversity extends across the experimentalists and theorists who share their experiences in an interview format which is shown in sections
throughout the documentary film. The interviews are conducted using medium shots as they typically provide good framing angles for conversations.
Close up shots are often used in the interviews to highlight tense situations. This technique is really efficient because it engages the audience into the
character emotionally. It also adds authenticity as the interviews were recorded when the physicists were experiencing the events that occurred around

Theories on How the Universe Works
Both these question can be answered on the same page. A number of aspects of the universe can be understood only in the light of more recent
unifications theories. To understand the GUT era or Grand Unification Theory era we need to know that it occurred when the universe was subject
to the force of gravity and GUT force. The GUT force "predicts that the strong force becomes unified with the weak and electromagnetic forces at
energies above 10^14 GeV." The Grand Unified Theory states that for the three forces to merge together, the temperature of the universe has to be
greater than 10^32 K. The GUT era lasted until the temperature of the universe dropped to about 10^29 K. at this point the GUT forces separated into
electromagnetic and strong forces. This temperature was reached when the universe was at the young age of about 10^–36 of a second. This sudden
cooling caused something called inflation. Inflation was a rapid and sudden expansion of the universe. Basically the unified theories state that the four
forces, strong, electromagnetic, weak, and gravitational will merge at extremely high temperatures. Although we have a few assumptions about the
GUT, scientist have not been able to succeed in creating the details that have to do with a supergrand unified theory, also referred to as thetheory of
everything.
To help explain how the four forces each play a role in today's universe today we need to know what they are. Gravity is probably one of the easiest of
the four

Does God Exist? C. S. Lewis
Does God Exist?C. S. Lewis once remarked that God is not the sort of thing one can be moderately interested in. After all, if God does not exist,
there is no reason to be interested in God at all. On the other hand, if God does exist, then this is of paramount interest, and our ultimate concern
ought to be how to be properly related to this being upon whom we depend moment by moment for our very existence. The official motto of the
United States and the currency in America is inscribed stating "In God We Trust. If this is true then there must be some existence of GOD in order for
our great Constitution to be established. Critics have always questioned the existence of God or a supreme being and several advocates of separation of
church... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to Kevin Nelson, a neuroscientist and the author of "The Spiritual Doorway in the Brain," adults often have a sense of looking back over
a life; young children, lacking that perspective, tend to report "castles and rainbows, often populated with pets, wizards, guardian angels, and like
adults, they see relatives and religious figures, too." It's hard to convey to anyone who grew up without the idea of God just how fully the language,
stories and "logic" of the Bible can dominate a young mind, even perhaps especially the mind of a toddler (Nelson, The Spiritual Doorway in the
Brain"20–21.) There have been various accounts taken over the years regarding near death or life after death experiences. A known account of this
situation is taken from Colton Burpo, in which a bestseller book published in 2010 and motion picture released in 2014 known as "Heaven is for Real"
is based on. In 2003 three year–old Colton claimed to have visited Heaven during a near death experience where an emergency surgery was performed
on him to save his life. Colton recounts the details of his amazing journey with childlike innocence and speaks about things that happened before his
birth... things he could not possibly know. The next is the story of Dr. Eben Alexander, who is a proclaimed neurosurgeon and writer coming from a
lineage of scholars and medical doctors. He

Outline Of A Red Black Tree
/**Implement Red Black Tree * RedBlackTreeNode Class **/ class RBTNode { RBTNode lChild, rChild; int el; int colour;
public RBTNode(int element) { this( element, null, null ); }
public RBTNode(int element, RBTNode l, RBTNode r) { lChild = l; rChild = r; el = element; colour = 1; } }
/** Class RBTree **/ class RBTree { private RBTNode actual; private RBTNode parent; private RBTNode grandNode; private RBTNode greatNode;
private RBTNode root; private static RBTNode nullN; static { nullN = new RBTNode(0); nullN.lChild = nullN; nullN.rChild = nullN; } /** Black = 1
, Red = 0 **/ static final int black = 1; static final int red = 0; public RBTree(int neg) { root = new RBTNode(neg); root.lChild = nullN; root.rChild
= nullN; } /** Checking tree emptiness **/ public boolean isTreeEmpty() { return root.rChild == nullN; } /** Making tree empty **/ public void
makeTreeEmpty() { root.rChild = nullN; } /** Inserting item **/ public void insertItem(int elem) { actual = parent = grandNode = root; nullN.el =
elem; while (actual.el != elem) { greatNode = grandNode; grandNode = parent;

Gauge Bosons : Fundamental Interactions And Their Evolution
Gauge Bosons: Fundamental Interactions And Their Evolution
Ray Sahab, Harpreet Kaur, Manish Rawat, Kanishka Kumar Singh
Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee– 247667
Abstract
In this paper, we study the four fundamental interactions, namely electromagnetic, weak, strong, and gravity separately along with its corresponding
gauge boson; the theories of the four fundamental interactions and their evolution was studied carefully. We constrain ourselves to study the only part
of the theories which deal with the force carriers and do so in such a manner that anyone with elementary knowledge mathematics and physics could
understand what is being discussed in the paper.
Introduction
Through the research and studies of various people over the decades we now know what gauge bosons are and what their role is for fundamental
interactions at quantum level. Through this paper we strive to bring to the general populace, what the fundamental forces in the nature are and the
theories of those forces whose evolution tries to coalesce the forces, leaving only one force and one theory to use in the end, one fundamental interaction
and one theory to describe it all, "The Theory Of Everything".
Fundamental Interaction
Fundamental Interactions are the four forces in nature which can describe any and all other phenomenons in known universe. They are the four
fundamental interactions which hold together the universe and ensures it continued existence. Any force

Chicago Personal Statement
The University of Chicago would be the ideal university to explore my interests. Chicago is one of the most resilient cities in the country, which
causes the members of its community to be as strong. One of my favorite stories is about the rebuild after the Great Chicago Fire of 1871. After a
two day conflagration the city was decimated, but instead of being defeated, they took the destruction as an opportunity to rebuild. Chicago was
revitalized into an improved city. The University of Chicago's mascot, Phil the Phoenix, perfectly represents the endurance of the city, which is a
legacy I want to be part of and contribute to.
I intend to major in physics and a minor in computer science. The University of Chicago is renowned for it's physics programs. The various labs at
the school teaches many branches of physics from astrophysics to nuclear physics. By dedicating four years of learning here, I hope to decide on
which branch of physics I will dedicate my life to. I am especially passionate about particle physics, to think everything is made out of atoms and those
atoms are made up of elementary particles is fascinating. I not only hope to learn from the professors and the laboratories, but to work with them to
understand elementary particles. Research collaboration opportunities at the University of Chicago is not comparable to any other ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The College has an impressive society filled with over 400 Recognized Student Organizations (RSOs). I am actually surprised that there are no
Pokemon related RSOs and I intend to create one due to my love for the game. I am confident I will find a place where I can fit in and have the
ability to explore, discover new ideas and people, which will overall allow me to discover myself and better utilize my college experience. One of my
interests is in intramural tennis and I know that I can contribute to the team, not only physically, but also with a positive

What Did Feynman Say About How Science Works
1. What did Feynman say about how Science works?
Feynman simply explains how to find a new law in science: first we guess it, then we compute the consequences of the guess to see if its right through
experiments/nature/observation. If it disagrees with experiment its wrong. He says that that simple statement is the key to science and it doesn't matter
who or when the guess was made.
2. How does spectroscopy tell us what Stars are made of?
When elements are heated they emit light at certain wavelengths which we perceive as colors. Spectroscopy analyzes all the wavelengths in a
particular beam of light and this information can be used to determine what elements the source of the light contains. So with any object that emits
light, we can determine what ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
We can then determine how far away thegalaxy is by observing the brightness of the stars. If a galaxy is too far away for us to distinguish
individual stars, astronomers can use SuperNovas. We know from experience how much light output a SuperNovae emits, so we can determine how
far away the galaxies are. Supernovae's can be used to measure the distance to galaxies as far as 10 billion light years away.
5. What is the Hubble Law, or Hubble Constant?
The Hubble Constant is the unit of measurement used to describe the expansion of the universe. The Hubble Constant states that the farther a galaxy is
away from us, the faster it is moving away from us. Hc = 42 miles/second Г· 3 million Light Years
6. How do we get the age of the universe?
We can get the age of the universe simply by reversing the equation. Light travels incredibly fast, around 186,000 miles per second. First we need to
calculate how fast light travels in a year:
186,000 mi/sec (3600s/1hr)(24hr/1day)(365day/1year) = 5.866 x 1012
That's how far light travels in 1 lightyear, so now we multiply by 3 million:
(5.866 x 1012)(3 x 106) = 1.76 x

What Is Holmes Argument Of Intensity?
However, the observation that extremely small particles exercise a "sort of volition, which of course leaves room for freedom" makes too great a
claim. This "sort of'' volition that Holmes refers to, is that which is described as Heisenberg's uncertainty principle. There is some uncertainty as to
where a particle is when we are measuring how fast it is moving; and there is uncertainty about how fast a particle is moving when we are measuring
where it is. Nevertheless, that uncertainty is not due to any supposed volition or an innate ability to defy our prediction. It is due to the limits of our
ability to observe and measure the particle in motion. We tend to understand things by relating to them. We attribute our own qualities to

Analysis Of Fever By Mark Linson
What would life be like if the internet was never invented? This can be pretty hard to imagine in today's time when our whole life is centered around
this invisible force. There is an AT&T commercial that gives a comedic, but very relatable and true depiction of how people react when there no
internet. The commercial depicts a family that has lost their internet and for them staying entertained or finding places to go is almost impossible
because they have become so reliant on the internet to help them. While this and other technological innovations affect us on a daily basis, science that
does not have an immediate benefit in everyday lives is often seen as less important. In the film, Particle Fever (2013), Mark Levinson introduces
viewers... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Scientific research has led to solving many theories that have then in turn created new technological innovations that has changed people's everyday
lives and the world as a whole. Without funding's for scientific research the world cannot advance and progress. The money put into science is a risky
investment, but the knowledge scientists gain from these projects is enough to make the investment worth every penny because the answers they
receive lead to new questions and theories that can be the start of the creation of something substantial that can affect the world later

Reflection
I have a long–standing interest in studying collective flow and particle correlations in AA collisions, and have made several original contributions.
Motivated by a conjectured universal lower bound of $1/4pi$ on the shear viscosity to entropy density ratio ($eta$/s) for all quantum fluids from the
string theory, one main theme of the field is to precisely determine the $eta$/s value of the QGP fluid from measurements of collective flow and
azimuthal correlations. In extracting the $eta$/s value from data, theoretical modeling of the QGP's initial shape presents the largest uncertainty and
requires additional constraints. I presented the first observation of transverse momentum ($p_{T}$) and pseudorapidity ($eta$) dependence of flow...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The start of the LHC run 2 program with increased energy and luminosity brought us great opportunities for new discoveries but also posed major
challenges to the experimental operation, especially the trigger system. Teamed up with high–energy colleagues at CMS, the Rice group was actively
involved in a joint effort to upgrade the L1 calorimeter trigger system during the first long shutdown. Guilbaud has led the commissioning of the
upgraded L1 trigger system in 2015. The success of his efforts has been recognized by the management with a 2015 CMS Achievement Award. The
new L1 trigger system brought in several key features to the heavy ion program including the single–track trigger. Chen is the HLT coordinator of the
heavy ion group, leading the trigger development and serving as the on–call expert during the data taking. Despite of major progress made in
discovering the nearly ``perfect'' quark–gluon liquid, a number of profound questions still remain unanswered. In particular, I strive to seek answers
to: (1) How do the collective properties of QGP fluid arise from interactions of individual quarks and gluons? Is there an effective quasi–particle
description of the QGP? (2) What is the smallest size and density for a droplet of QCD matter that behaves like a liquid? (3) Can we find evidence for

Cosmology Cumalative Paper
Cosmology Cumulative Paper In order to understand our place in the universe, we must understand the universe itself. Scientists, researchers,
astronomers, cosmologists, physicists, amateur astronomers and a slew of other groups of individuals largely interested in the cosmos, help with
discovering new and fascinating theories or proof of different phenomenon within the universe. Three scientific articles help readers to realize scientists
are constantly deep in work to unravel the hidden truths. "Dark Matter in the Discovery Age", "Why the Universe Had no Beginning", and "What String
Theory tells Us About the Universe" include theories vastly different from one another, but lead to the same conclusion; the universe's creation. The...
Physicists choose the underground for its shielded affect, and because WIMPs have a special quality; they cannot be absorbed or reflected unlike other
matters. When the WIMP hits the detector underground, the particle's energy transfers to this detector and physicists will notice a small "thermal or
light signal"(Hooper, 28). XENON–100 is an example of this experiment. This piece of equipment contains cold liquid xenon, a heavy gas present in
the Earth's atmosphere. Underground WIMP detectors are a very viable and useful equipment, and the sensitivity of these detectors have been
increasing "every 15 months" (Hooper, 28). The Large Hadron Collider, LHC for short, is also used to observe potential WIMP occurence. The LHC
has its home underground, built as a 17 mile ring. It is a massive circular particle accelerator, as it contains high–energy protons colliding with one
another at near the speed of light. This is done to understand how the Big Bang came to be, and what was after the universe's explosion. Because of
this recreation, it is thought WIMPs are being produced in the LHC as well. Unfortunately, only a small fraction of the proton collisions result in
WIMPs, and the particles are still invisible, so they cannot be directly observed. However, as physicists continue to improve the LHC, the Large
Hadron Collider might just be the best equipment to observe WIMPs in the future, and to

Early Universe Research Paper
The difference and similarity that were found between a negative muon and electron was that:
Difference
The electron was found to have less mass (or rest energy) then the negative muon.
Similarities
They are both found to be fundamental particles, meaning that they are either a lepton or they are both negative.
Yet to be scanned. The EarlyUniverse and the Standard Model (**)
The Early Universe
Throughout the very first moments to have existed in the universe, was the big bang. Before this the universe was extremely hot and dense. As the
universe began to cool, circumstances changed just as the building blocks of matter being the quarks and electrons of which we are all made, began to
arise. Within a few millionths of a second later,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some of the fundamental singularities that are not clarified are gravity, dark matter and dark energy, neutrino masses, and matter anti–matter symmetry.
Throughout the standard model, it refers to the ideas of hypothetical applications that are required to explain the insufficiencies of the standard model.
This includes the nature of dark matter and dark energy, and also the origins of mass. Another error that may lie within the standard model is the
inconsistencies and mathematics that lie within the model itself. The standard model is majorly inconsistent just like the theory of general relativity,
they both interrupted by the conditions of other aspects revolving around these ideas, such as the Big Bang and black hole horizons. Despite the
standard model being one of the most successful and practical theories of particle physics, it is however not perfect.
The string theory is a hypothetical application, which is used around particle physics and is replaced by a one dimensional object being the 'string'.
Throughout the meanings of this theory explains how the 'strings' transmits through the space, and interacts with each other. Throughout certain
distances, the scales can appear to be much larger than the string scale. The appearance of the particle is just that its looks like a standard particle. The
string theory is proven to be a theory of quantum

The Behavior and Study of Particles Essay
Particles are a very important part of this world. From the particles that make up all the humans in the world to the particles that make up the clothes
we wear. Particles define the world we live in and everything we know about it. From the behavior of particles, scientists can determine many things
about the world and the way it works. The simple definition of a particle is that it is a minute portion of matter. While not incorrect this answer lacks
complexity. As was previously stated, particles make up everything; but, they also make up even the most basic form of matter the atom. Protons,
neutrons, and electrons are all particles that make up an atom. Protons and neutrons themselves are made of individual particles called quarks. A... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Mesons, made of quark pairs, are usually found in cosmic rays. Quarks combine to form charges of –1, 0, or +1. Quarks in Baryons and Mesons are
bound together by strong forces formed from the exchange of gluons. Much like how the electromagnetic force strength is determined by the amount of
electric charge, the strong force strength is determined by a new quantity called color charge. (abyss.uoregon.edu)
Quarks come in three colors, red, blue, and green. Although the implication is that quarks are colored, these terms are not meant to indicate a
particular hue but instead describe the color of the charge of the quark. So, unlike electromagnetic charges which come in two types (positive and
negative or north and south), color charge in quarks comes in three types. Color charge also has its anti–particle nature. So there is anti–red, anti–blue
and anti–green. Gluons serve to act as the carrier of the color when they interact with quarks. Baryons and mesons must have a mix of colors such that
the result is white. For example, red, blue, and green make white. Also red and anti–red make white. (abyss.uoregon.edu)
There can exist no free quarks; meaning no quarks can exist on their own. All quarks must be bound to another quark or antiquark by the exchange of
gluons. This is called quark confinement. The exchange of gluons produces a color force field, referring to the assignment of color charge to quarks,
similar to electric charge. The

The Basic Ideas Of The Science Of Mind
Practical Philosophy
"However, today we find increasing numbers of scientific men emerging from that age of materialism. This is due to the fact that modern science has
not theoretically been able to resolve the material universe into purely mechanical energy, but has discovered that the smallest particles which it
supposes to exist exercise a sort of volition, which of course leaves room for freedom. Once you establish freedom and volition as an operating factor
in connection with the energy which becomes form, then you have established a universe of consciousness. And once you establish a universe of
consciousness you establish the possibility of communion, and arrive at a logical basis for faith, prayer, the religious and the mystical life."
The Basic Ideas of the Science of Mind, pg. 91
The fact that science has not yet been able to attribute the existence of the material universe to a purely mechanical energy, does not mean that it
won't be able to. In fact, since the late 1950s, when Holmes wrote about this, most scientists have come to believe that they have in fact, theoretically
resolved everything to a mechanical and mathematically verifiable principle of motion. We may still ask What (or Who) set things in motion, but
such a question brings the discussion out of the realm of science into the speculative disciplines of philosophy and religion. It is like asking why of
that which simply is and does. It is a fair question, but not one that can be answered by

Description Of The Hpge Gamma Ray Spectrometer
) Description of the HPGe gamma–ray spectrometer
A high resolution gamma detection system was used for gamma analysis. This system consist of an ORTEC hyper pure germanium detector (HPGe),
model number GEM– 15190, coaxial type detector with a serial number 27–P–1876A recommended operating bias, negative 3 Kv. The detector used
has crystal diameter 49.3 mm, and crystal length 47.1 mm. The HPGe detector has a full width at half maximum (FWHM) 0.9 keV at the 122 keV
gamma transition of Co–57 and 1.9 keV at the 1332.5 keV of Co–60 gamma transition (Knoll, 2000). The detector has peak to Compton ratio about 44
keV. Compton ratio is the number of net counts in the 1.33 MeV peak channels divided by the average number of net counts in the channels
representing the range from l.040 through 1.096 MeV which is part of the Compton region associated with the 1.33 MeV peak. Figure (2.5) show the
block diagram of gamma ray spectrometer.
The range of the multi channels analyzer (MCA) was adjusted to include the peak channel and the range of interest in the Compton plateau (Madelung,
1991), (EML, 1990). High purity germanium (HPGe) coaxial detector uses p–type material with lithium diffused outer contact. The inner contact is ion
implanted for the ultimate in reliability. Because of the small band gap (0.7eV) room temperature operation of germanium detector of any type is
impossible because of the large thermally induced impossible because of the large thermally induced leakage current

Commentary on the Article Big Data and Privacy by Tom Price
One of the biggest concerns in the United States of America today is privacy. For its citizens, this concern is due mostly in part to new developments
in technology and big data collection. Yes, this technology and data collection is beneficial for American citizens and is a step in the right direction
for humankind, but to what extent? The CQ Researcher article titled, "Big Data and Privacy" by Tom Price answers just that question. More
specifically, a monumental factor for technological advancement this article explains is the use of personal information by the producers of new
technology and the collection of big data in this day in age. What makes this debate on the violation of privacy through the use personal information
by businesses, as well as, the general population, is that big data collection is the staple of technological advancement and serves as a convenience for
Americans. Although big data collection and technology serves as an extreme benefit in relation to convenience and societal advancement for those
who use and consume it, how far will scientists, researchers, businesses, and the government push before it becomes a violation our privacy as citizens
of the United States of America? As defined by the magazine, CQ Researcher, big data is the collection and analysis of enormous amounts of
information by supercomputers (CQ Researcher, 1). This collection and analysis has led to many great feats in the fields physics, medicine, social

Personal Narrative Essay: Breast Cancer
Sun of Happiness
At the age of eleven, I thought the world was full of candy and rainbows. But then, a big event happened in my life. It is a moment that will never be
forgotten. As the event is full of burden in a despondent way, I realized but bad things will and can come your way, but you have to remain positive.
After a short ten–minute walk home from school, when I finally arrived at my house, I flopped onto the couch. It was a Friday afternoon, and I was
ready for the football game that night, and for the weekend to begin. My mom was sitting on the couch across from me and asked me how my day at
school was. I described to her what had happened that day, and the stuff we did in my classes. As we get done talking about school, she inquired...
It felt really good to know that we have good people like them coming to support us. Throughout the whole experience, everyone was very
understanding and sweet to our family.
I could see my mom in tough pain, but she was still managing to be strong. I can see her hidden smile, knowing that she was going to be okay. She
went into detail with me about having a positive attitude.
"10% is how happens, 90% is how you react," my mom implied smiling.
After the surgery and resting time my mom had, she then had gotten the news she could now do radiation. Radiation is the emission of energy as
electromagnetic waves or as moving subatomic particles, especially high–energy particles that cause ionization. Basically, doctors go in and insert
tubes into your body, and make sure the cancer is fully gone.
Every day, my mom would drive to the hospital, and get her radiation in the mornings. As this went on for about two weeks, the doctors were very
sweet. They helped my mom in so many ways, we are thankful to have them help my mom.
On October 10th, 2014, we finally found out that my mom was Breast Cancer free. We were very thankful, and couldn't be happier. We were very
grateful to have friends and family stick with us throughout the

Types Of Radiation That Can Bring About Occupational Exposure
There are three types of radiation that can bring about occupational exposure. Alpha radiation can be stopped by something as thin as a piece of paper
or one's hand (BBC, 2014). Those at risk for this exposure are those who install and maintain smoke detectors, which use Americium–241. In this
mechanism, an electron current interrupts smoke particles, causing the alarm to trigger when it senses smoke (Bennett, 2017). Radium 226, which is
an element that is injected into tumors to battle cancer, can affect radiology technicians and physicians that must come in close contact (Bennett, 2017).
Plutonium 238, which no longer used, was used as batteries for pacemakers, leaving surgery personnel vulnerable to its effects (Bennett, 2017). ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Ability to pass more than paper allows it to measure thickness of substances such as plastic and paint in manufacturing processes (Judge, 2017).
Another, more commonly identified source of beta radiation is a sunburn, leaving anyone working in the sun, including construction and landscaping
workers (Ward, 2017). Covering potentially exposed area with a protective garment is the best way for either medical workers or those who work
outside to guard themselves from exposure.
Gamma radiation can only be stopped by thick materials, concrete and lead (BBC, 2014). This type of radiation is mostly used in the medical
setting, treating cancer, and used in the sterilization of equipment used in medical settings (BBC, 2014). Radiation used in sterilization of equipment
can pass through plastic, rubber, and kill bacteria and viruses (BBC, 2014). Tracers are either eaten or injected. They show where the tracer has built
up in body, indicating abnormal areas, possibly cancer or tumors (BBC, 2014). This leaves medical workers being at risk for exposure to these rays,
which can lead to genetic mutations long–term. Lead aprons and barrier walls would be the best route to mitigate these types of rays, since they
cannot be avoided by these workers.
Chlorine is a green colored gas can be fatal if breathed in (Chlorine Safety Data Sheet). Sources of chlorine include

Fundamental Fury Essay
Fundamental Fury is one of the most thrilling and breathtaking rides you will ever experience. Anyone who loves a fast roller coaster will be sure to
love Fundamental Fury. In contrast to most coasters, Fundamental Fury has a fast, technologically advanced, hydraulic launch at the beginning of the
ride, accelerating the coaster to over 250 km/h in a time of just 5 seconds. Fundamental Fury is themed to fundamental particles and how violent they
can be when they interact with each other. During the ride, the coaster trains pass very close to other sections of the track, further emphasizing the
extreme and thrilling nature of the ride. Foliage surrounding the ride is mainly comprised of tall and dense evergreen trees. Contrary to most roller...
Although fundamental particles, such as quarks and leptons, make up everything in the entire universe, they are of little knowledge to the public.
Absence of public recognition and interest is one of the major reasons Fundamental Fury is themed the way it is. Color is a scientific term used to
describe different types of subatomic particles, and Fundamental Fury incorporates this concept into the color of the roller coaster tracks. The launch
track is colored a bright cyan, while the rest of the roller coaster is colored a vibrant purple chroma. Dense evergreen trees surround many elements of
the ride, providing a beautiful backdrop that contrasts nicely with the ride. Onlookers can watch the roller coaster train appear and disappear as it
weaves through the frondescence. Since evergreen trees are naturally very thick, they act as excellent sound barriers, sparing nearby people from the
roar of the hydraulic launch. Walkways adjacent to Fundamental Fury have large displays showcasing what the ride experience is like, along with fun
facts about science and fundamental particles. A number of science related booths surround the ride, significantly enriching the ride experience for
anyone interested in how and why things

Task 1.2- Properties ( Part Of P1 )
Task 1.2– Properties (Part of P1)
Describe the properties of . . . and. Radiation. Things should be including:
Their range in air
What they are stopped by
Their penetrating and ionising powers
How they are affected by electrical and magnetic fields.
How they are commonly detected.
Any other properties.
Alpha, beta and gamma come from nuclear of an atom and they called radioactive, because it gives off radiation. These radiations absorb by different
thickness of materials such as: Alpha radiation only travel few centimetre in the air, beta radiation travels tens centimetre in the air however gamma
travel many meter in the air. If the substance is thicker, the more radiation it will absorbed. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Beta radiation is an electron with the charge of –1. Its atomic number is –1 and atomic mass is 0. It is more penetrating than alpha radiation plus, has a
less ionising power than alpha. It absorbed by thin aluminium sheet and used to control the thickness of different material such as thickness of the
paper, plastic and aluminium. They use a detector to check if there is more or less particle being released or absorb. If the material is thicker then it
need to the material will start to absorb the particle however if the material is too thin more beta particle will start to pass through, that's how they finds
out the thickness of the material. It is not very dangerous if it goes into our body because it usually get through the body, however it is very
dangerous if it outside the body because it can penetrate the skin and cause damage to human cells. It is deflected by electrical and magnetic field
because it has negative charge as I said positive and negative attract to each other.
Gamma radiation has 0 charges and 0 atomic mass and atomic number. It has a very high penetrating power than alpha and beta because it does not
stop for many centimetres. The ionising power of gamma radiation is very low according to alpha and beta radiation. It is used to treat cancer and
testing equipment; however it can be very dangerous for human health if it comes in contact with

We are Immigrants at a Community College
As a immigrant and a community college student, I enjoy changes and challenges. I wish to transfer to a four–year research university to study in a
more challenging and diverse academic environment. College of Art and Science at University of Pennsylvania will be a great fit for me because of
its academic rigor and liberty, premier Ivy League education, and vast research opportunities. Benjamin Franklin is my hero. I sincerely admire his
versatility. His contributions on electricity is remarkable. Moreover, his bravery in his kite experiment always motivates me to concentrate on my
research, never deterred by any potential danger. I wish to develop my personal qualities at Penn and the inherit Benjamin Franklin's spirit and
philosophy. Academically, I look forward to attending an institution where I can personalize my education. College of Art and Science at Penn
resonates with my educational goals. The College Curriculum satisifies my desire for well–rounded higher education. I can flexibly decide my class
schedule and learn across disciplines. I can study a wide range of art and science knowledge and broaden my horizon. While discovering the
fundamental principles of nature, I can enjoy the beauty and charm of humanity and art. This general and specialized education, like the Penn student
Kramar who speaks in the video, enables me to integrate creative art into my scientific research to better understand the pattern of microscopic world
and ignite lot of innovative ideas.

Essay On Physics After The Discovery Of The Atom
PARTICLE PHYSICS AFTER THE DISCOVERY OF THE HIGGS
The world of physics had been developed a well–established model of the atom. The standard model had been pretty well "tied up", with its group of
16 elementary particles and their nice set of rules describing how they should interact. Physicists had observed until the Higgs discovery, 16 of these
particles. The crowd was already beginning to desperate for a 17th particle that would send the model in new and wild directions (supposedly). But
the Higgs particle ruined the hopes and expectations of everybody: it turned out to be very ordinary: its behavior was just like the model said it would
act, obeying every theorized rule [2]. Therefore, the Standard Model is vindicated. And this was a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The weak force, on the other hand, is associated with particles called W and Z bosons, very massive comparing to the other particles.
The Higgs mechanism is thought to be responsible for this, now that the existence of the particle is a fact: if we recognize the existence of the Higgs
field, the W and Z bosons mix with this field, acquiring mass, explaining the reason of why the W and Z bosons have mass. This unifies as well the
electromagnetic and weak forces into the electroweak force. [4]
An interesting side effect, much less important than the discoveries, indeed, but with enough importance for itself, is the validation of the large
amounts of effort and money invested in the equipment like the LHC. This flattens the road for the investment in the next generation of scientific
machinery to keep researching. After analyzing the facts, this money is going to be very needed in the near future. It has been theorized that dark
energy is the bulk of the energy of the universe, and the dark matter and energy existence is neither explained by the Standard Model. This model
canВґt explain gravity or the neutrino mass. Nowadays, scientific community knows that the Standard Model is an approximation of another theory,
more comprehensive and able to explain the Higgs mass with a most natural approach. The reason is that the measured mass of the Higgs is about 100
million billion times smaller than the value suggested by

Can Science Prove the Creation of the Universe? Essay
If someone could tell you the answer to how it all began, how our world was created, why we exist, would you want to know? Modern Science has
made some pretty impressive discoveries about our universe. As stated by George Smoot, a cosmologist at the University of California at Berkeley
and winner of the 2006 Nobel Prize in physics, "I think we all know where we came from and how we fit into the world, but some of us need to
know how it all works in great detail." While some people believe testing these theories is a trial of faith, there are others who know that discovering
how the universe was created is within arm's length. According to most religions, the universe and everything in it were created by God, but, on the
other hand,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to Higgs, in an interview given by Ian Sample who writes for the British magazine The Guardian, this particle is believed to give everything
mass, it is how the universe holds itself together, and evidence of the Higgs boson would validate what we believe about the Big Bang theory and
how the universe was created. Sample also describes how the Higgs theory explains how particles cling to a new type of field, dragging on them
and making them heavy. Sample also quotes Higgs as saying "some particles can go right through the field while others are 'sticky' and get heavy
when in the field." Before this discovery, science just accepted that things have different masses, never really understanding why, but
understanding when the basic building blocks are broken down, atoms weigh nothing, and it's almost as if they disappear in front of our very eyes
(Sample). This field is said to have played an important role in the creation of the universe and is the reason that evidence of the Higgs boson will
validate the Big Bang theory. When matter is broken down it becomes even smaller, going from molecules to atoms to quarks and mass appears to
vanish (Sample). The Higgs field shows that at the very beginning of the universe, the smallest building blocks of nature were truly weightless, but a
fraction of a second later, when the fireball from the big bang cooled, it became full of mass (Sample). In theory particles weigh

Physics Of String Theory Of Physics
What is string theory?
String theory is a theory that states that the universe is made up of vibrating strings. It is the best candidate for a quantum theory of gravity. String
theory attempts to be a theory of everything.
there are two types of string theories. the first time has strings that are in loops that can break into open strings and the other has loops that cannot
break into open strings. the elementary strings have a number of excitation modes – that are the elementary particles observed. the strings have tension
of 1/(2 p a') strings are approximately the planck length (smallest possible size of black hole) 10^(–33) cm
A quantum Theory of Gravity is needed
In physics there are two main central theories. The first is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However there were also slight errors in the Veneziano's model, it was found to be the first term in an infinite series. In the end, the theory lost in
describing hadrons to the standard model of particle physics.
The standard model of particle physics–and why it is not the complete picture
According to the standard model there are matter particles and there are force carrier particles. The matter particles are the 6 quarks and 6 leptons. The
quarks come in three generations. The first generation is the up quark and the down quark. The second generation is the charm quark and the strange
quark. The third generation is the top quark and the bottom quark. The quarks also have a property that is called colour. They can be red, blue, green,
antired, antiblue or antigreen. The property colour, does not refer to actual colour. Colour is meaningless on that scale. The quarks combine to form
white.
The six leptons are the electron, the electron neutrino. the muon, the muon neutrino, the tau and the tau neutrino. The neutrinos have very small mass
and are neutral in electric charge, while the other leptons have a larger mass and have electric charge.
There are also the force carrier particles. There are four forces, the electromagnetic force, the weak force, the strong force and gravity. For each force
there is a boson. The

The Higgs boson Theorised by physicists Francois Elgert...
The Higgs boson or God Particle was theorised 50 years ago by two physicists Francois Elgert and Peter Higgs. They were awarded with a Nobel
Prize for confirming its existence on July 4th, 2012. It is possible further research will lead to major discoveries in the future of physics . The Higgs
boson is known as the key to understanding why mass exists and how it was originally constructed. It should be further examined and studied.
The Higgs boson and Higgs field have been explained many different ways in order to provide a better understanding. The more interaction
something has with the field, the more mass it will have and the simplest way of explaining this is through a metaphor. For example, consider a body
of water. The water will drag on things that move through it, but it will not affect all things in the same way. A jetski, for instance, would meet little
resistance as it moves forward which resembles the way electrons cooperate with the Higgs field. There is very little interaction and therefore less
mass. A swimmer on the other hand will meet much more resistance while emerged in water. This resembles the way thatW and Z bosons drag through
the Higgs field. They have thousands of times more mass than electrons, protons, and neutrons. Photons do not interact with the scalar field and
therefore have no mass. In this metaphor planes flying over bodies of water represent the photons. The body of water represents the Higgs field and
the water droplets that make up

The Standard Model Of Particle Physics
We all live in a complex universe and human is curious about by nature. What is the world made of? This is an enormous progress era that allows
humans to find some answers to their curiosity. And string theory is the recent attempt of humans to answer this curiosity. Our basic science would
explain to us that the world is made of matter. This ordinary matter is made of atoms which is composed of the basic components, electrons which are
around the nucleus,a nucleus that is composed of neutrons and protons and both contain smaller particles known as quarks. The Standard Model of
particle physics teaches us the subatomic composition of the universe. It tells the fundamental building blocks which out of this is what the world is
made of and the forces in which these blocks interact. The basic building blocks include the six quarks and their other six are leptons. As far as we
remember, the four fundamental forces that are present in the universe are gravity, weak nuclear forces, strong nuclear force, and electromagnesim.
All the behavior relating to particles and forces is described by the Standard Model but except gravity. It seems hard to prove and describe this force
in microscopic forms. Over the years, it seems hard to formulate the quantum theory of gravity. In the attempt to describe the microscopic theory of
gravity, the string theory emerged. The they attempt to complete, unify and give a consistent description of the fundamental structure of the universe.
This

Taking a Look at Radiation Safety
Radiation safety RADIATION SAFETY Introduction No radiation in every part of our lives. The radiation may occur naturally in the ground and
can reach us from the radiation coming from the space around us . As well as the radiation can occur naturally in the water we drink , or in the soil ,
and construction materials ( radon from the ground and radioactive elements in the earth ) . He spoke of radiation as a result of its industry by humans,
such as X–ray X–Rays, power plants, atomic energy is also in smoke detectors Ionization Smoke Detector. Radiation is known as the process that
results in a starting capacity in the form of particles (Particles) or waves (Waves) The estimated scientific bodies in the United States that the average
person receives the amount of radiation doses of 360 ms RIM in the year and is considered the proportion of natural radiation exposure of 80% and
20% of the second industrial radiation . How arise radiation : Atom consists of a central core element (Nucleus) contain positively charged protons and
neutral neutrons and revolves around this core number of negatively charged electrons . And called on the number of protons in the nucleus name
atomic number (Atomic Number) called while the total number of protons + neutrons total name atomic weight (Atomic Weight) In most nuclei of
chemical elements is the number of protons in the nucleus is equal to the number of neutrons in the nuclei of some elements , the number of neutrons is

The Higgs Boson Is The Particle That Gives Weight To Other...
The Higgs Boson.
The Higgs boson is the particle that gives weight to other particles. The Higgs Boson is a particle within the standard Model of physics. It creates
weight by interacting with other particles; the more it interacts, the heavier it is. We have a tendency to consider mass as ingrained importance of all
things, however the majority of physicists consider that without the Higgs boson, mass fundamentally doesn't exist. Without the higgs boson nothing
would exist, this is due to the fact that everything has mass, even miniscule molecules weigh something. The Higgs Boson is not heavy itself(as it is a
particle – particles are profoundly diminutive) but depending how much it interacts with the particles around it, determines how heavy the particles
within the higgs field is. This was all a theory since 1964 until scientists at CERN used the Large Hadron Collider(LHC) to find the theory of the
Higgs Boson to be a real particle. The particle decays almost instantaneously so scientists at CERN are trying to slow down the process of decay and
evaluate the process. We have a tendency to consider mass as ingrained importance of all things, however the majority of physicists consider that
without the Higgs boson, mass fundamentally doesn't exist. There are 17 particles within the standard model of physics. Fundamental particles are the
components of matter, called fermions. Bosons are the particles that create interactions. There are twelve dubbed fermions, therefore

The science of Star Wars is book written by Jeanne...
The science of Star Wars is book written by Jeanne Cavelos, it tries to link the content of the Star Wars trilogies with modern science. It offers the
readers the plausibility of the phenomena that occurs in the world of Star Wars. The book is divided into five chapters excluding the introduction. She
proceeds from environments to aliens and androids to spaceships and weapons to end with a chapter on "The Force".
The first Chapter is called Planetary Environments. It has four essays and seven section, sections headings include "You Can't Have an Empire
without Real Estate" and "The Bright Center of the Universe" and "A Planet a Day Keeps the Empire Away" etc. The topics she covers in this chapter
includes things like formation of planets, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"The Dawn of Wookiee" tells us about which bi– and quadrupedalisms are assessed and raises questions about why Wookiees originally lived in trees.
The section "Slugfest" characterizes Jabba the Hutt and the predator space slug and what its diet would probably be. "When Teddy Bears have their
Picnic" reviews the physiological and psychological characteristics of koalas, chimpanzees and Ewoks, and "Did You Leave Your Headlights On?"
describes and evaluates Jawas and Sand People, optics, Photoreceptors and Bioluminescence. There is one significant point, that it is highly unlikely
for aliens from different planets to survive in a single environment such as the Mos Eisley cantina. Example, Jabba being a slug supposedly moves
using a mavelike motion by creating a coating of secreted slime, but in the 1997 version of the Episode IV, Jabba is seen easily moving around in the
xerophytic environment of Tatooine where he should in fact be desiccating.
The third chapter of the book is named "Droids" and is comprised of eight topics and two essays. The section "Wheels or Legs" assesses the
relationship between body shape, coordination and locomotive capabilities of the droids. While the section "I, Droid" delves into the subjects of
neural networks, rule based vs. case based intelligence systems and memory wipes. The other sections in this chapter include "Do You Hear What I
Hear" which assesses the concepts of speaking with intelligence, the nature of

Sonic Research Paper
"Current Science Event: Sonic Tractor Beams" In the past, scientists have extoled levitation through electromagnetic fields and even concentrated laser
beams to levitate ferromagnetic material. Now, scientists in the U.K. have built a contraption comprised of 64 loudspeakers and intensive computer
calculations. Essentially, the loudspeakers synchronize their sound waves so that they uniformly counteract Earth's gravity. The side speakers then
prevent the levitating object from rolling off the invisible upwards force of sound waves, effectively keeping it in the epicenter of sound waves'
differential pressure. However, only light–weight, spherical objects can be levitated, such as polystyrene beads could be levitated, as the pressure
differentiation... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This can be accomplished only through complex computer simulations, which uses three acoustic modulations to hold a levitating object in midair.
These acoustic modulations can even be programmed to twirl and move levitating objects, or simply form a high–pressure bubble that holds the object
stationary. Some acoustic simulations require the levitating object to be encased on all four sides by loudspeaker arrays to improve maneuverability.
The actual loudspeaker relies on a series of long and short wavelengths, of which are generated at 40 kilohertz, at 140–150 decibels. Because this
device runs at 40 kilohertz, the sound frequency is well above amicable human hearing, but is detectable to dogs. When the inaudible wavelengths
create a pocket of low pressure, they can counteract the gravitational force of a polystyrene ball 5mm in circumference. Allow its rather paltry ability to
levitate only light–weight material averts this technology from being applied as a tractor beams, medical scientists are exuberant about the fact that
they can modify it to activate acoustic medication and manipulate individual

Origin of Mass of Subatomic Particles Essay
This past October of 2013, FranГ§ois Englert and Peter W. Higgs were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in Physics for 2013. "For the
theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles, and which recently was
confirmed through the discovery of the predicted fundamental particle, by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN's Large Hadron Collider".
Both Englert and Higgs proposed the theory of how particles acquire mass. It was 1964 when both men proposed this theory independently. It wasn't
until the year 2012, that both men had their ideas confirmed by discovery of the Higgs Boson particle (particle responsible for giving mass to objects)
at the CERN laboratory in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These forces work over different ranges and have different strengths. That is to say, Gravity is the weakest; the electromagnetic force has infinite range
but is much stronger than gravity. Three of the fundamental forces result from the exchange of force–carrier particles; these belong to a group of
particles called –bosons. Particles of matter transfer discrete amounts of energy by exchanging bosons with each other (CERN). Each fundamental
force has its own corresponding boson – the strong force is carried by the gluon, the electromagnetic force is carried by the photon, and the W and Z
bosons coincide with the weak force (CERN). That is to say, TheStandard Model includes the electromagnetic, strong and weak forces and all their
carrier particles. This new particle was somewhat consistent with the Higgs boson, but it will take more research to actually determine if it is the
same Higgs boson predicted by the original Standard Model. Being that protons are filled with subatomic particles like quarks, antiquarks, and gluons
they rarely pass or collide with each other. That is to say, at a mass of about 125 GeV, the Higgs boson particle turned out to be approximately one
hundred times heavier than a proton. The Higgs boson particle showed that particles due have mass. This played a unique role in the Standard

Research Paper On Breaking Cosmic Ice
Breaking the Cosmic Ice
Scientists have shown that the Earth stops energetic neutrinos, according to data collected from the IceCube array in Antarctica. High–energy neutrino
interactions monitored by the IceCube detector, an array of 5,160 basketball–sized optical sensors buried a mile deep in a cubic kilometer of
exceptionally–clear ice near the south pole.
Neutrinos are infinitesimally small and nearly massless particles that surround us at any given moment. Roughly one trillion from the Sun pass through
a human's eyes every second, and they come in three types (called flavors): electron, muon, and tauon neutrinos, each name corresponding to three
charged particles with which they pair. Since they interact so rarely, it's extremely... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The neutrino–interactions analyzed have energies in the trillion–electron–volt, or TeV, range. A mosquito puts out about one TeV. The detected
neutrinos' energy ranged from 6.3 TeV to 980 TeV.
Miarecki performed much of the data analysis whilst working toward her PhD as an IceCube researcher. "It's a multidisciplinary idea," she said in a
news release. In order to understand if the cross section of neutrinos detected matches Standard Model predictions, the analysis used input from
geologists who supplied models of the Earth's interior from seismic studies. With this, scientists were able to compare their data with a simulation of
neutrinos passing through the Earth.
In this study, researchers measured the flux of muon neutrinos as a function of their energy and their incoming direction. Neutrinos with higher
energies and with incoming directions closer to the North Pole are more likely to interact with matter on their way through Earth. Image credit:
IceCube Collaboration
"We created some of the data from seismic data bouncing off of various parts of the Earth," Miarecki told Futurism. "Putting together all the constraints,
including the gravitational constriction of the Earth, and you have a good model," she added. The bulk of detected neutrinos mass around the lower
range, with the high–energy neutrinos growing scarce until the frequency of their occurrence passes beyond the

The Impact Of Kundalini Energy On The Body Responsible For...
Thousands of years ago, in various parts of the world, a major discovery was made – an intelligent mechanism in the body responsible for the process
of spiritual awakening itself. In India, the name used for this discovery was "Kundalini." On the physical level, Kundalini exists as a metabolic system
whose purpose is to upgrade the brain and to elevate it to higher forms of consciousness. Kundalini energy is an accompaniment to psychic changes –
that is, to new perspectives and patterns of consciousness (Clarke, 2014). Bonnie Greenwell a 35 years old Ph.D. that have followed spiritual
practices, and since 1983 I have worked as a transpersonal therapist with people having non–ordinary experiences associated with spiritual awakening,
especially with kundalini arising, which was the topic of my doctoral dissertation at the Institute of Transpersonal Psychology. Greenwell says that
there is overwhelming evidence that ancient cultures knew about Kundalini and the methods to accelerate it, which can result in profound physical
and psychological effects. Due to these effects, and since it is a natural process, Kundalini can be studied and measured just as any other area of
science. Learn more about the Kundalini experimental projects or works and how it will assist in your own process of personal growth. Countries
like India, enjoy from Kundalini knowledge and also the welfare. Thi is one of the discovery that changed science and School system programs in
middle oriente even

Nt1310 Unit 1 Research Paper
Question 3
The Standard Model of particle physics is a theory concerning the electromagnetic, weak and strong forces, as well as classifying all the subatomic
particles known. It was developed as a collaborative effort of scientists around the world during the latter half of the 20th century. Because of its
success in explaining wide variety of experimental results, the Standard Model is often referred to as a "theory of almost everything". Although the
Standard Model is quite consistent, it does not address some profound questions about the nature of the universe and it does leave some phenomena
unexplained. One of these phenomena that the Standard Model doesn't explain is gravity. (CERN, 2015)
Gravity is one of the four fundamental forces ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(2015). Extra dimensions, graviton and tiny black holes. Retrieved 8 13, 2015, from CERN: home.web.cern.ch
CERN. (2015). Supersymmetry. Retrieved 8 11, 2015, from CERN: home.web.cern.ch
CERN. (2015). The early universe. Retrieved 8 11, 2015, from CERN: home.web.cern.ch
CERN. (2015). The Standard Model. Retrieved 8 13, 2015, from CERN: home.web.cern.ch
Heile, F. (2014). The Big Bang: Where did the first atoms come from? Retrieved from Quora: http://www.quora.com/The–Big–Bang
/Where–did–the–first–atoms–come–from
Johnson, E. D. (2013). Problems with the Standard Model. Retrieved 8 11, 2015, from Physics: ffden–2.phys.uaf.edu
Krause, C. (2015). Unifying General Relativity and the Standard Model. Retrieved 8 12, 2015, from The Faith of a Heretic: krauselabs.net
NASA. (2013). What is gravity really? Retrieved 8 16, 2015, from Nasa: spaceplace.nasa.gov
Nave, R. (2014). Unification of Gravity . Retrieved 8 10, 2015, from Hyperphysics: hyperphysics.phy–astr.gsu.edu
Quevedo, F. (2010). Cambridge Lectures on Supersymmetry and Extra Dimensions . Cambridge : University of Cambridge.
Whitney, C. (2014, 3 17). Nasa Technology Views Birth of the Universe . Retrieved 8 15, 2015, from NASA:

The Cms Software ( Cmssw )
3.1 CMS SOFTWARE (CMSSW)
The overall collection of software, referred to as CMSSW, is built around a Framework, an Event Data Model (EDM), and Services needed by the
simulation, calibration and alignment, and reconstruction modules that process event data so that physicists can perform analysis. The primary goal of
the Framework and EDM is to facilitate the development and deployment of reconstruction and analysis software.
The CMSSW event processing model consists of one executable, called cmsRun, is configured at run time by the user 's job–specific configuration file
that tells cmsRun which data to use which modules to execute, which parameter settings to use for each module, what is the order or the executions of
modules, called path, how the events are filtered within each path, and how the paths are connected to the output files. The goal of L1 HGCAL
software is to simulate the L1 electronics and data processing of the HGCAL to carry out analysis of the different objects.
3.2 WORKING
The main concept used in this software is that it does the task of simulation of electronics and processing of data with the aim to study different
options all together. This software works by creating various objects using factory and storing them in a vector. TheTree Manager manages all these
objects for creating branches in a root tree and filling them with required functions. There is a " Tree Manager" plugin class which will initially create
a root tree using TFileService (

Mix Culture Streak Plate Kitchen Lab Microbiology Essay
Introduction–
The purpose of this experiment is to obtain isolation of individual species of particles from the mixed culture. This is completed through the isolation
technique of streak plate. The objective of this experiment is to replicate the technique of streak plate but on a much larger scale. Because it is on a
larger scale the particles are able to be visually observed as they are isolated using the streaking technique as the experiment is conducted. The benefits
of the streaking technique is when a cultures has multiple species they are able to be more easily identified once they have been isolated. This
experiment is much like the experiments completed on an agar plate but on one a much larger scale and where techniques ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The particles were even more narrowed down in this final streak allowing for further separation of each individual particle. The streaking utensil was
cleaned using the particle remover and returned to the utensil storage area. And the other items collected for this lab were cleaned and returned to their
storage areas.
Results–
The particles that were collected for the lab were very concentrated prior to being mixed into the medium. Once the particles where mixed into the
medium they was a decreased in their concentration as the medium allowed for separation by filling the spaces between them. Once the first streak
was made it was slightly less concentrated and this allowed for the particles to be spread out over the surface. The concentration of particles that
were spread with each streak continued to decrease. In the final streak, as seen in picture 7, the particles were separated almost to the point of being
able to individually identify each color of particle. Much as the same results that you might see with a mixed culture that was completed in a lab and
final results reviewed under a microscope.
Discussion–
The conclusion that was made from this experiment was that as the streaking is completed the consistency as well as the concentration degrees
allowing for a more accurate identification of the individual particles. The results lead me to this conclusion because as the streaks were completed the

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