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RIVER VALLEY
CIVILIZATIONS
UNIT 1 Lesson 2
1Tuesday, August 6, 13
Tigris-Euphrates
2Tuesday, August 6, 13
Mesopotamia
Civilization ‘from scratch’
Sumerians [most influential]
3Tuesday, August 6, 13
Sumerians
First known writing system [cuneiform]
Astronomical sciences
Intense religious beliefs
tightly organized city-states
4Tuesday, August 6, 13
Sumerians
Improved agricultural prosperity
Fertilizers
Silver for commercial exchange
Polytheist - many gods & divine forces in
natural objects
5Tuesday, August 6, 13
Sumerians
Tightly organized city-states ruled by kings w/ divine
authority
Government regulated religion & provided a court system
for justice
6Tuesday, August 6, 13
Sumerians-->Akkadians-->Babylonians
7Tuesday, August 6, 13
Hammurabi
8Tuesday, August 6, 13
Egypt
9Tuesday, August 6, 13
Egypt
Nile river [3000 BC]
Trade & Influence from Mesopotamia
Durable centralized institutions
Mathematics & Architecture
10Tuesday, August 6, 13
Egypt
2700 onward - Pharaohs directed
building of pyramids [tombs]
Monumental architecture requiring slave
labour
11Tuesday, August 6, 13
Indus Valley
12Tuesday, August 6, 13
Indian Civilization
Along Indus River by 2500 BC
Several large cities [e.g. Harappa]
Trade w/ Mesopotamia
Distinctive alphabet and art
Invasion by Indo-Europeans resulted in
almost complete destruction of culture
13Tuesday, August 6, 13
China
14Tuesday, August 6, 13
China
Developed along the Yellow [Huanghe]
River
Considerable isolation
Organized state regulating irrigation
Advanced technology & elaborate
intellectual life by 2000 BC
15Tuesday, August 6, 13
China
More continuity b/w Chinese River Valley
Civilization and later Chinese civilizations than
in other regions
Shang Dynasty begins around 1500 BC
Impressive tombs and palaces
16Tuesday, August 6, 13
Heritage of the River Valley Civilizations
17Tuesday, August 6, 13
River Valley Civilizations
the wheel, alphabets, mathematics &
divisions of time
art & architectural influences
Writing systems
18Tuesday, August 6, 13
The belief that there are fundamental differences between
the “civilized” and the “barbarians” is an old and widespread
one, used by the Chinese, American Indians, ancient Greeks,
and modern western Europeans, to name just a few. The
latter attempted to define a series of stages in human
development that ranged from utterly primitive to
“advanced,” with the advanced culture belonging to the
western Europeans. By the 19th century, racial qualities were
quantified as qualifiers for position along the hierarchy of
“civilization.” In the 20th century much of that intellectual
baggage was eventually discarded. At present, the most
accepted way to approach a definition of civilization is to see
it as one of several ways humans identify social organization
19Tuesday, August 6, 13
The scope and legacy of the first civilizations are unique to geography
and other factors
Mesopotamia was flat with few natural barriers to recurrent invasions.
Thus the Middle East had an active role as an agent for wider
connections with other cultures
Egypt, though not isolated, was more self-contained with the Libyan
desert, Nile River, and Red Sea serving as barriers. Therefore, Egypt
played less of a role as intermediary among different regions
China also had less far-reaching contacts than Mesopotamia. But it
did make major connections with Japan, Korea, and Vietnam
Harappan [Indus Valley] society did trade widely with Mesopotamia;
but its rapid decline limited its impact on surrounding cultures.
Early Civilizations & The World
20Tuesday, August 6, 13
Sources
All images via wikimedia commons unless
other wise indicated
Information via Hall & Lintvedt, World
Civilizations Instructor’s Resource
Manual.
21Tuesday, August 6, 13

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Unit 1 lesson 2 river valley civs

  • 1. RIVER VALLEY CIVILIZATIONS UNIT 1 Lesson 2 1Tuesday, August 6, 13
  • 3. Mesopotamia Civilization ‘from scratch’ Sumerians [most influential] 3Tuesday, August 6, 13
  • 4. Sumerians First known writing system [cuneiform] Astronomical sciences Intense religious beliefs tightly organized city-states 4Tuesday, August 6, 13
  • 5. Sumerians Improved agricultural prosperity Fertilizers Silver for commercial exchange Polytheist - many gods & divine forces in natural objects 5Tuesday, August 6, 13
  • 6. Sumerians Tightly organized city-states ruled by kings w/ divine authority Government regulated religion & provided a court system for justice 6Tuesday, August 6, 13
  • 10. Egypt Nile river [3000 BC] Trade & Influence from Mesopotamia Durable centralized institutions Mathematics & Architecture 10Tuesday, August 6, 13
  • 11. Egypt 2700 onward - Pharaohs directed building of pyramids [tombs] Monumental architecture requiring slave labour 11Tuesday, August 6, 13
  • 13. Indian Civilization Along Indus River by 2500 BC Several large cities [e.g. Harappa] Trade w/ Mesopotamia Distinctive alphabet and art Invasion by Indo-Europeans resulted in almost complete destruction of culture 13Tuesday, August 6, 13
  • 15. China Developed along the Yellow [Huanghe] River Considerable isolation Organized state regulating irrigation Advanced technology & elaborate intellectual life by 2000 BC 15Tuesday, August 6, 13
  • 16. China More continuity b/w Chinese River Valley Civilization and later Chinese civilizations than in other regions Shang Dynasty begins around 1500 BC Impressive tombs and palaces 16Tuesday, August 6, 13
  • 17. Heritage of the River Valley Civilizations 17Tuesday, August 6, 13
  • 18. River Valley Civilizations the wheel, alphabets, mathematics & divisions of time art & architectural influences Writing systems 18Tuesday, August 6, 13
  • 19. The belief that there are fundamental differences between the “civilized” and the “barbarians” is an old and widespread one, used by the Chinese, American Indians, ancient Greeks, and modern western Europeans, to name just a few. The latter attempted to define a series of stages in human development that ranged from utterly primitive to “advanced,” with the advanced culture belonging to the western Europeans. By the 19th century, racial qualities were quantified as qualifiers for position along the hierarchy of “civilization.” In the 20th century much of that intellectual baggage was eventually discarded. At present, the most accepted way to approach a definition of civilization is to see it as one of several ways humans identify social organization 19Tuesday, August 6, 13
  • 20. The scope and legacy of the first civilizations are unique to geography and other factors Mesopotamia was flat with few natural barriers to recurrent invasions. Thus the Middle East had an active role as an agent for wider connections with other cultures Egypt, though not isolated, was more self-contained with the Libyan desert, Nile River, and Red Sea serving as barriers. Therefore, Egypt played less of a role as intermediary among different regions China also had less far-reaching contacts than Mesopotamia. But it did make major connections with Japan, Korea, and Vietnam Harappan [Indus Valley] society did trade widely with Mesopotamia; but its rapid decline limited its impact on surrounding cultures. Early Civilizations & The World 20Tuesday, August 6, 13
  • 21. Sources All images via wikimedia commons unless other wise indicated Information via Hall & Lintvedt, World Civilizations Instructor’s Resource Manual. 21Tuesday, August 6, 13