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Energy

Physical Science
Nature of Energy
            Energy is all around you.
• You hear energy as sound, you see energy
  as light, you can feel energy in wind.
• Living organisms need energy for growth
  and movement.
• You use energy when you hit a tennis ball,
  compress a spring, or lift a grocery bag.
• Energy is the ability to do
  work.
Energy

  • The energy released by
    a supernova is capable
    of destroying a nearby
    solar system in just a
    few hours. A supernova
    is one of the greatest
    concentrations of
    energy in the universe.
Forms of Energy
       • Energy appears in
         many forms. There
         are five main forms of
         energy.
       • Mechanical
       • Heat
       • Chemical
       • Electromagnetic
       • Nuclear
Mechanical Energy
             Energy of motion.
           Examples:
           • Water in a
             waterfall
           • Wind
           • Moving vehicles
           • Sound
           • Blood traveling
             through your body
Heat Energy
     • The internal motion of
       atoms.
     • The faster the
       molecules move, the
       more heat energy is
       produced.
     Examples:
     Friction
     Changes in state of
       matter
Chemical Energy
      • Energy that exists in the bonds
        that hold atoms together.
      • When bonds are broken,
        chemical energy is released.
      Examples:
      • Digesting food…bonds are
        broken to release energy for
        your body to store and use.
      • Sports… your body uses energy
        stored in your muscles obtained
        from food.
      • Fire–a chemical change.
               Sodium metal reacts with water.
Electromagnetic Energy

          Moving electric charges.
          Examples:
          • Power lines carry
            electricity
          • Electric motors are driven
            by electromagnetic energy
          • Light is this form of
            energy (X-rays, radio
            waves, laser light etc.)
Nuclear Energy
• When the nucleus of an atom splits, nuclear
  energy is released.
• Nuclear energy is the most concentrated
  form of energy.
• Fission/fusion
Questions
• What is energy?
• Can energy be transferred
  from one object to another?
• What are the different forms
  of energy?
States of Energy

       There are two states
         of energy:
        Potential and Kinetic
Potential Energy
       • Stored energy – energy
         of position.
       • Not always mechanical
         energy – can be other
         forms.
       • Gravitational Potential
         energy – dependent on
         height and weight.
       • GPE = Weight x Height
       • Units – Newton*meter
Kinetic Energy
      • The energy of motion.
      • The faster the object
        moves – the more kinetic
        energy.
      • Kinetic energy depends on
        both mass and velocity.
      • KE = ½(mass x velocity2)
      • Kg m2/s2 =Newton*meter=
        Joules
Energy Conversions


• The most common energy conversion
  involves the changing of potential energy
  into kinetic energy or vice-versa.
                   Examples:
             Ball thrown in the air
                 Roller coaster
More Conversions
                      • All forms of energy can be
                        converted to other forms.
                      • Law of Conservation of
                        Energy: Energy cannot be
                        created or destroyed.
                      • Einstein – If matter is
                        destroyed, energy is created,
                        if energy is destroyed, matter
                        is created. The total amount
 Electromagnetic
  energy comes          of mass and energy is
in…produces light
 then, converted        conserved.
    to heat..
Concept Review

                                                                    Ability to                   ?
1. Heat
                                                                      do...                     Work
2. Chemical                       Types of
3. Nuclear
4. Mechanical                                         Energy
5.
   Electromagnetic
                                                      Can be

                                Potential
                                   ?                           Kinetic


                                                                                 Energy of...
                  Is energy
                                     Formula                     Formula
                  that is ...
                                                                                                   ?
                                                                                                 Motion
                                             Weight
         Stored
           ?                                                       1/2mv2
                                                                      ?
                                               X
                                               ?

                                             Height
Writing Assignment     Page 407 # 4


• Identify the various energy
  conversions involved in the following
  events:
• An object is raised and then
  allowed to fall. As it hits the
  ground it stops, produces a sound
  and becomes warmer.
• Due tomorrow at the beginning of class.
Resources
                                                     Roller coaster Animation:
                           http://www.glenbrook.k12.il.us/gbssci/phys/mmedia/energy/ce.html
                                                       Mouse Trap animation
  http://communities.msn.com/VickisClipArtandAnimationStorage/mimichar.msnw?action=ShowPhoto&PhotoID=4571
                                                          Chevy animation
http://communities.msn.com/VickisClipArtandAnimationStorage/angelfirepics.msnw?action=ShowPhoto&PhotoID=4601
                                                                 Pics
                           http://www.glenbrook.k12.il.us/gbssci/phys/Class/energy/u5l1e.html
                           http://www.glenbrook.k12.il.us/gbssci/phys/Class/energy/u5l1b.html
                           http://www.glenbrook.k12.il.us/gbssci/phys/Class/energy/u5l1d.html
                                            http://library.thinkquest.org/20331/types/
                                http://library.thinkquest.org/20331/history/timeline1600.html
                                http://library.thinkquest.org/20331/history/timeline1900.html
                                        http://library.thinkquest.org/2745/data/loops.htm
                                  http://www.sunybroome.edu/~eet_dept/POWERPIX.html
                                   http://www.st-agnes.org/~lstinson/webpages/kinpot.htm
                                            http://www.rz.uni-frankfurt.de/~schauder/
                                http://radar.metr.ou.edu/OK1/meteorology/HeatTransfer.html
                 http://hrast.pef.uni-lj.si/docs/en/web-based_education/infodist/tutorial/simulate/off.htm
                                           http://heritage.stsci.edu/2000/15/index.html
                               http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/guidry/violence/remnants-save.html
                                                                 Text
                                    Exploring Physical Science, Prentice Hall, chapter 16.

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Forms%20of%20energy[1]

  • 2. Nature of Energy Energy is all around you. • You hear energy as sound, you see energy as light, you can feel energy in wind. • Living organisms need energy for growth and movement. • You use energy when you hit a tennis ball, compress a spring, or lift a grocery bag. • Energy is the ability to do work.
  • 3. Energy • The energy released by a supernova is capable of destroying a nearby solar system in just a few hours. A supernova is one of the greatest concentrations of energy in the universe.
  • 4. Forms of Energy • Energy appears in many forms. There are five main forms of energy. • Mechanical • Heat • Chemical • Electromagnetic • Nuclear
  • 5. Mechanical Energy Energy of motion. Examples: • Water in a waterfall • Wind • Moving vehicles • Sound • Blood traveling through your body
  • 6. Heat Energy • The internal motion of atoms. • The faster the molecules move, the more heat energy is produced. Examples: Friction Changes in state of matter
  • 7. Chemical Energy • Energy that exists in the bonds that hold atoms together. • When bonds are broken, chemical energy is released. Examples: • Digesting food…bonds are broken to release energy for your body to store and use. • Sports… your body uses energy stored in your muscles obtained from food. • Fire–a chemical change. Sodium metal reacts with water.
  • 8. Electromagnetic Energy Moving electric charges. Examples: • Power lines carry electricity • Electric motors are driven by electromagnetic energy • Light is this form of energy (X-rays, radio waves, laser light etc.)
  • 9. Nuclear Energy • When the nucleus of an atom splits, nuclear energy is released. • Nuclear energy is the most concentrated form of energy. • Fission/fusion
  • 10. Questions • What is energy? • Can energy be transferred from one object to another? • What are the different forms of energy?
  • 11. States of Energy There are two states of energy: Potential and Kinetic
  • 12. Potential Energy • Stored energy – energy of position. • Not always mechanical energy – can be other forms. • Gravitational Potential energy – dependent on height and weight. • GPE = Weight x Height • Units – Newton*meter
  • 13. Kinetic Energy • The energy of motion. • The faster the object moves – the more kinetic energy. • Kinetic energy depends on both mass and velocity. • KE = ½(mass x velocity2) • Kg m2/s2 =Newton*meter= Joules
  • 14. Energy Conversions • The most common energy conversion involves the changing of potential energy into kinetic energy or vice-versa. Examples: Ball thrown in the air Roller coaster
  • 15. More Conversions • All forms of energy can be converted to other forms. • Law of Conservation of Energy: Energy cannot be created or destroyed. • Einstein – If matter is destroyed, energy is created, if energy is destroyed, matter is created. The total amount Electromagnetic energy comes of mass and energy is in…produces light then, converted conserved. to heat..
  • 16. Concept Review Ability to ? 1. Heat do... Work 2. Chemical Types of 3. Nuclear 4. Mechanical Energy 5. Electromagnetic Can be Potential ? Kinetic Energy of... Is energy Formula Formula that is ... ? Motion Weight Stored ? 1/2mv2 ? X ? Height
  • 17. Writing Assignment Page 407 # 4 • Identify the various energy conversions involved in the following events: • An object is raised and then allowed to fall. As it hits the ground it stops, produces a sound and becomes warmer. • Due tomorrow at the beginning of class.
  • 18. Resources Roller coaster Animation: http://www.glenbrook.k12.il.us/gbssci/phys/mmedia/energy/ce.html Mouse Trap animation http://communities.msn.com/VickisClipArtandAnimationStorage/mimichar.msnw?action=ShowPhoto&PhotoID=4571 Chevy animation http://communities.msn.com/VickisClipArtandAnimationStorage/angelfirepics.msnw?action=ShowPhoto&PhotoID=4601 Pics http://www.glenbrook.k12.il.us/gbssci/phys/Class/energy/u5l1e.html http://www.glenbrook.k12.il.us/gbssci/phys/Class/energy/u5l1b.html http://www.glenbrook.k12.il.us/gbssci/phys/Class/energy/u5l1d.html http://library.thinkquest.org/20331/types/ http://library.thinkquest.org/20331/history/timeline1600.html http://library.thinkquest.org/20331/history/timeline1900.html http://library.thinkquest.org/2745/data/loops.htm http://www.sunybroome.edu/~eet_dept/POWERPIX.html http://www.st-agnes.org/~lstinson/webpages/kinpot.htm http://www.rz.uni-frankfurt.de/~schauder/ http://radar.metr.ou.edu/OK1/meteorology/HeatTransfer.html http://hrast.pef.uni-lj.si/docs/en/web-based_education/infodist/tutorial/simulate/off.htm http://heritage.stsci.edu/2000/15/index.html http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/guidry/violence/remnants-save.html Text Exploring Physical Science, Prentice Hall, chapter 16.