The document outlines the fundamentals of Windows Server Administration, focusing on storage technologies, RAID configurations, troubleshooting methodologies, and system management tools. It is targeted toward server technicians seeking to advance their knowledge and certification, particularly in relation to CompTIA Server+ and Microsoft MTA exams. Additionally, it includes details about high availability, fault tolerance, and planning backups to protect against data loss.

1. Understanding the Windows Server Administration
Fundamentals (Part-2)

2. NetCom Learning

3. NetCom Learning – Managed Learning Services

5. Agenda
• Storage Theologies.
• HDD Management.
• File Systems.
• Troubleshooting methodology.
• Server Secure boot process.
• System Configuration.
• System monitoring.
• High availability & Fault tolerance.
• Backup.

6. Today’s Webinar
• Is directed for the Server
technicians and those who want to
advance forward with their
certification exams after being
earning
1. CompTIA A+ Certification.
2. CompTIA Network+ Certification.
3. Or MicroSoft Networking
Fundamentals MTA Certification
Exam 98-366.
• This Webinar is an overview for
CopmTIA Server+ SK0-004, and
Microsoft MTA Exam 98-365.

7. Storage Technologies
Although simple servers usually require that
you install Windows Server on a local IDE
(parallel and serial) or SCSI hard drive, more
complex systems may use a form of RAID or
attached remote computer storage devices such
as a storage area network (SAN) or network
attached storage (NAS).
Simple servers usually require that you install
Windows Server on a local IDE (parallel and
serial) or SCSI hard drive, more complex
systems may use a form of RAID or attached
remote computer storage devices such as a
storage area network (SAN) or network
attached storage (NAS).

8. RAID 0 stripes data across all drives.
With striping, all available hard drives are combined
into a single large virtual file system, with the file
system’s blocks arrayed so that they are spread evenly
across all the drives.
Unfortunately, with RAID 0, there is no parity control or
fault tolerance; therefore, it is not a true form of RAID.
However, RAID 0 does have several advantages
because it offers increased performance through load
balancing.
RAID
A redundant array of independent disks (RAID) uses two or more drives in
combination to create a fault-tolerant system that protects against physical hard
drive failure and increases hard drive performance.
A RAID can be accomplished with either hardware or software and is usually
used with network servers.
RAID 0

9. RAID 1 is sometimes known as disk
mirroring.
Disk mirroring copies a disk or
partition onto a second hard drive.
Specifically, as information is written, it
is written to both hard drives
simultaneously.
If one of the hard drives fails, the
server will still function because it can
access the other hard drive.
Then, Server technician should later
replace the failed drive, data will be
copied from the remaining good drive to
the new drive.
RAID 1

10. RAID 5, which is similar to striping,
except the space equivalent to one of the
hard drives is used for parity (error
correction) to provide fault tolerance.
To increase performance, the error
correction function is spread across all
hard drives in the array to avoid having
one drive doing all the work in calculating
the parity bits.
Therefore if one drive fails, you can still
continue working because parity
calculations with the remaining drives will
fill in any missing data.
Later, when the failed drive is replaced,
the missing information will be rebuilt.
RAID 5

11. A hot spare (Hot Standby HDD) is much like it sounds. When drives need to
be fault tolerant, the server technician can combine a hot spare drive with a
RAID.
Then, if a drive fails, the system will automatically grab the hot spare drive to
replace the failed drive and rebuild or restore the missing data.
RAID Hot Spare

12. Network Attached Storage (NAS)

13. Network attached storage (NAS) is a file-level data storage device
that is connected to a computer network to provide shared drives or
folders, usually using Server Message Block (SMB)/Common
Internet File System (CIFS) protocols
NAS devices usually contain multiple drives in a form of RAID for
fault tolerance and are managed usually using a web interface.
Network Attached Storage (NAS)

14. Storage Area Network (SAN)
A storage area network
(SAN) is an architecture used
for disk arrays, tape libraries,
and optical jukeboxes to
appear as locally attached
drives on a server.
A SAN always uses some
form of RAID and other
technology to make the
system redundant against
drive failure and to offer high
performance.
SANs also usually contain
spare drives.
To provide a high level of
data throughput, SANs use the
SCSI protocol and either iSCSI
or Fibre Channel interface.

15. Fibre Channel (FC)
Optic fiber cabling offers
higher bandwidths and can
be used over longer
distances than copper
cabling because signals
travel with less loss and are
immune to electromagnetic
interference.
Fibre Channel or FC is a
gigabit-speed technology
primarily used for storage
networking.
It uses a Fibre Channel
Protocol (FCP) as its
transport protocol, which
allows SCSI commands to be
issued over Fibre Channel.

16. iSCSI
Internet Small Computing System
Interface or iSCSI is an Internet
Protocol (IP)-based storage
networking standard for linking data
storage facilities.
iSCSI allows clients to send SCSI
commands over a TCP/IP network
using TCP port 3260.
Similar to Fibre Channel, iSCSI
can communicate using Gigabit
Ethernet or Fibre, and it can connect
a SAN to multiple servers over a
distance.
Although iSCSI uses normal
network technology to communicate,
the network adaptor must be
dedicated to iSCSI.

17. iSCSI Initiator in Windows Server
Microsoft iSCSI Initiator is a tool
that connects external iSCSI-
based storage to host computers
with an Ethernet network adapter.
The iSCSI Initiator is used in
Windows Server 2008 R2,2012,
and 2016.
Present volumes as a block
storage device. This makes iSCSI
devices ideal for use by
enterprise applications such as
Ms Exchange Server and Ms
SQL Server. In particular,
Microsoft iSCSI Initiator is the
component in the overall iSCSI
environment that creates the
appearance that the iSCSI SANs
are locally attached disks.

18. Storage Explorer
Windows Server 2008 & later versions include Storage Explorer and Storage
Manager for SANs to manage Fibre Channel, iSCSI fabrics.
Storage Explorer allows you to view and manage the Fibre Channel and iSCSI fabrics
that are available in your SAN.
Storage Explorer can display detailed information about servers connected to the
SAN, as well as components in the fabrics such as host bus adapters (HBAs), Fibre
Channel switches, and iSCSI initiators and targets.

19. HDD Management

20. HDD Management
The main disk management tool in Windows Server 2008 is the MMC
snap-in called Disk Management, which is also part of the Computer and
Management consoles.
In addition, you can use a diskpart.exe and the Format command to
partition and format a drive, as well as Windows Explorer to format a drive.
The Main function of disk management tool in windows server include:
1. Initializing a disk.
2. Creating a simple volume.
3. Formatting drive.
4. Converting to dynamic disk.
5. Assign drive letter or a path.
6. Extending volumes.

21. File Systems
A file system is a method of storing and organizing computer files and the
data they contain to make it easy to find and access this information.
A file system also maintains the physical location of the files so that you can
find and access the files in the future.
FAT16 Vs. FAT32 Vs. NTFS

22. Troubleshooting Methodology
1. Discover the problem.
2. Evaluate system configuration.
3. List or track possible solutions
and try to isolate the problem by
removing or disabling hardware
or software components.
4. Execute a plan.
5. Check results.
6. Take a proactive approach.

23. Troubleshooting Tools
1. Device Manager.
2. System Information.
3. Event Viewer.
4. Task Manager.
5. Resource Monitor.
6. Performance Monitor.
7. System Configuration.
8. Memory Diagnostics tool.
9. Troubleshooting Wizard.
10.Boot Menu including Safe mode.
11.Windows Repair.

24. System Information

25. Event Viewer

26. Server Secure Boot Process
Every time you turn on a computer,
it goes through the Power-On Self
Test (POST), which initializes
hardware and finds an operating
system to load.

27. System Configuration
System Configuration
(msconfig.exe) is a tool that can help
you identify problems that might
prevent Windows from starting
correctly.
When a problem occurs, assuming
you can successfully start and log in
to Windows, you can open System
Configuration and disable certain
startup programs or services.
If the problem goes away when
you restart Windows, you know that
the problem is caused by the
program or service that you
disabled.

28. System Monitoring
Performance Monitor

29. Resource Monitor

30. High Availability
High availability is a system design protocol and associated
implementation that ensures a certain degree of operational continuity
during a given measurement period.
Generally, the term downtime is used to refer to periods when a
system is unavailable.
Availability is usually expressed as a percentage of uptime

31. Fault Tolerance
To make a server more fault tolerant, you should first look
at what components are the most likely to fail and
implement technology to make a system less likely to fail.
Some of the components that are made redundant within
a system are usually:
1. Disks: Use some form or RAID and hot spares.
2. Power supplies: Use redundant power supplies.
3. Network cards: Use redundant network cards.
4. Always use (uninterruptible power supply) UPS units.
5. server clustering: fail over clustering or Load
balancing clustering.

32. Backup
A backup or the process of backing up refers to making copies of data so
that these additional copies may be used to restore the original after a
data-loss event.
They can be used to restore entire systems following a disaster or to
restore small sets of files that were accidentally deleted or corrupted.
Planning Backup
When planning and performing a backup, specialized backup software
will usually include different types of backups, each varying in the amount
of time it takes to do a backup and restore.
Traditional backups include:
1. Full backup.
2. Full backup with incremental backups.
3. Full backup with differential backup.

33. Watch the Live Demonstration
Watch the recorded webinar here!

34. Recommended Courses
NetCom Learning offers a comprehensive portfolio for Windows Server training
options. Please see below the list of recommended courses:
20740: Installation, Storage, and Compute with Windows Server 2016
20741: Networking with Windows Server 2016
20742: Identity with Windows Server 2016
20743: Upgrading Your Skills to MCSA: Windows Server 2016
Check out more Windows Server training options with NetCom Learning – CLICK HERE

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