Basic fundamentals of servers and its components.

1. IT INFRASTRUCTURE
BY AAKASH PANCHAL

2. TOPICS WE COVER
• SERVERS
• COMPONENTS OF SERVERS
• SERVER STORAGE
• SERVER SECURITY

3. SERVERS
• a server is a computer program or a device that
provides functionality for other programs or
devices, called "clients".
• Type of servers:-
• database servers,
• file servers,
• mail servers,
• print servers,
• web servers,
• game servers,
• and application servers.

4. COMPONENTS OF A SERVER
• MOTHERBOARD
The motherboard is the computer’s main electronic circuit board to which all the other components of your
computer are connected.
The major components on the motherboard include the processor (or CPU), supporting circuitry called
the chipset, memory, expansion slots, a standard IDE hard drive controller, and input/output (I/O) ports for
devices such as keyboards, mice, and printers.
• PROCESSOR
The processor, or CPU, is the brain of the computer.
Each motherboard is designed to support a particular type of processor. CPUs come in two basic mounting styles:
slot or socket.
Example :-
• Itanium 2
• Xeon
• Pentium D
• Pentium 4

5. ROCK SOLID (COMPONENENTS………..)
Rock Solid's web/email servers are not only dependable, they're fast and secure.
RAID
RAID stands for Redundant Array of Inexpensive (Independent) Disks.
RAID is a way of grouping individual physical drives together to form one bigger drive called a RAID set.
Types:-
• RAID 0
• RAID 1
• RAID 5
• RAID 10 (also known as RAID 1+0)

6. REDUNDANT POWER SUPPLY
The redundant power supply is important for servers and other highly important
computers, to minimize the chance of a complete computer shutdown or
failure.
ECC RAM
ECC is a method of detecting and then correcting single-bit memory errors. A single-bit memory error is a
data error in server output or production, and the presence of errors can have a big impact on server
performance.
Type:-
Hard errors are caused by physical factors, such as excessive temperature variation, voltage stress, or
physical stress brought upon the memory bits.
Soft errors occur when data is written or read differently than originally intended, such as variations in
voltage on the motherboard, to cosmic rays or radioactive decay that can cause bits in the memory to flip.

7. SERVER STORAGE
• DAS (Direct Attached Storage ) is a block device from a disk which is physically [directly] attached to the
host machine. You must place a filesystem upon it before it can be used.
Advantages of DAS: Direct Attached Storage.
• Simpler to setup and configure over NAS / SAN
• Cheaper than NAS / SAN in terms of raw storage
• Networks not necessary, doesn’t use IP addresses
• Faster, more performant and better latency over SAN / NAS
• Easier to deal with overall considering all things
Disadvantages of DAS: Direct Attached Storage
• Dedicated resource to a single computer
• No economies of scale in sharing the storage
• Can’t manage DAS via a network
• Requires a special hardware connection

8. • NAS ( Network Attached Storage) is a filesystem delivered over the network.
• It is ready to mount and use.
• Technologies to do this include NFS, CIFS, AFS, etc.
Advantages of NAS: Network Attached Storage.
• Economical way to provide large storage to many persons or computers
• Several times easier to setup and configure versus SAN
• Easy way to provide RAID redundancy to mass amount of users
• Allows users permissions, folder privileges, restricted access to documents, etc
• Higher utilization of storage resources
Disadvantages of NAS: Network Attached Storage
• Requires IP Address(es) and takes up network space
• Slower latency and potentially maximum data-transfer issues
• Performance can be affected by network status

9. • SAN ( Storage Attached Network) is a block device which is delivered over the network.
• Like DAS you must still place a filesystem upon it before it can used.
• Technologies to do this include FibreChannel, iSCSI, FoE, etc.
Combining the best of DAS and NAS.
Remember what DAS is good at? Speed. Speed. SPEED.
Remember what NAS is good at? Sharing. High Utilization. Flexibility.
Advantages of SAN: Storage Area Network
• Higher hardware utilization, similar to that of NAS
• Speed similar or comparable to DAS
• Allows virtual environments, cloud computing, etc.
Disadvantages of SAN: Storage Area Network
• Performance limited by network if configured incorrectly
• Requires multiple static IP Addresses
• Generally consumes more IP addresses than NAS devices
• Complex networking planning is necessary
• May want to implement virtual networks / different subnets
• Physical network wiring may affect performance
• Generally more expensive than NAS or DAS

10. SERVER SECURITY
Firewalls
A firewall is a piece of software (or hardware) that controls what services are exposed to the network. This
means blocking or restricting access to every port except for those that should be publicly available.

11. BENEFITS OF FIREWALL SECURITY?
• Monitors Traffic
• Blocks Trojans
• Stops Hackers
• Stops Keyloggers
• Prevent fromDDoS Attack (Distributed Denial of Service.)

12. VPNS AND PRIVATE NETWORKING
Private networks are networks that are only available to certain servers or users. For instance, in
DigitalOcean, private networking is available in some regions as a data-center wide network.

13. VPN BENEFITS
• Security
• Privacy protection
• Access to restricted resources

14. DATA LOSS PREVENTION (DLP)
• Data loss prevention (DLP) is a strategy for making sure that end users do not send sensitive
or critical information outside the corporate network. The term is also used to describe
software products that help a network administrator control what data end users can
transfer.
• DLP tools can also be used to filter data streams on the corporate network and protect data
in motion.

15. REFERENCES
• https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/r/redunpow.htm
• http://www.thegeekstuff.com/2010/08/raid-levels-tutorial
• https://serverfault.com/questions/81723/what-is-the-difference-between-
san-nas-and-das

16. THANK YOU