The dissociation kinetics of a small biological molecule, leucine enkephalin (LE), are examined using a Quadruple Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer in order to determine the effect of activation waveform on ion effective temperature (Teff). The effective temperature is found to have a linear relationship with the applied activation amplitude. The dissociation kinetics of LE are found to be greatly affected by pressure in the mass spectrometer, showing faster dissociation at lower pressures. The effects of other experimental parameters, including the temperature of the inlet capillary and sensitivity to the frequency of the activation waveform, are also explored. Calibration of Teff as a function of activation waveform will provide a way to obtain Arrhenius activation parameters (activation energy and frequency factor) for other biological
molecules and lead to better understand of their intrinsic properties.
This slide completely describes you about the stuff include in it and also everything about chemical engineering. Fluid Mechanics. Thermodynamics. Mass Transfer Chemical Engineering. Energy Engineering, Mass Transfer 2, Heat Transfer,
This slide completely describes you about the stuff include in it and also everything about chemical engineering. Fluid Mechanics. Thermodynamics. Mass Transfer Chemical Engineering. Energy Engineering, Mass Transfer 2, Heat Transfer,
Dr. wael elhelece thermodynamics 230chemWael Elhelece
1.Some Terminology بعض المفاهيم
2.Heat الحرارة
3.Heats of Reaction and Calorimetry حرارة التفاعلات والمسعر الحراري
4.Work الشغل
5.The First Law of Thermodynamics القانون الأول للديناميكا الحرارية
6.Heats of Reaction: dU and dH حرارات التفاعل
7.The Indirect Determination of dH, Hess’s Law
التعين غير المباشر للتغير فى المحتوى الحرارى وقانون هس
8.Standard Enthalpies of Formation
حرارات التكون القياسية
9.Fuels as Sources of Energy
خلايا الوقود كمصدر للطاقة
10.Focus on Fats, Carbohydrates, and Energy Storage
نظرة على الدهون والكربوهيدرات وتخزين الطاقة
Kinetic-molecular theory of gases, Distribution of molecular Speeds in gas kinetics. Diffusion and applications, Effusion. Using the van der Waals equation to calculate the pressure of a gas.
33 Measurement of beam-recoil observables Ox, Oz and target asymmetry T for t...Cristian Randieri PhD
Measurement of beam-recoil observables Ox, Oz and target asymmetry T for the reaction γρ → K+Λ - The European Physical Journal A, Hadrons and Nuclei, February 2009, Vol. 39, N. 2, pp. 149–161, ISSN: 1434-6001, doi: 10.1140/epja/i2008-10713-4
di A. Lleres, O. Bartalini, V. Bellini, J. P. Bocquet, P. Calvat, M. Capogni, L. Casano, M. Castoldi, A. D’Angelo, J. P. Didelez, R. Di Salvo, A. Fantini, D. Franco, C. Gaulard, G. Gervino, F. Ghio, B. Girolami, A. Giusa, M. Guidal, E. Hourany, R. Kunne, V. Kuznetsov, A. Lapik, P. Levi Sandri, F. Mammoliti, G. Mandaglio, D. Moricciani, A. N. Mushkarenkov, V. Nedorezov, L. Nicoletti, C. Perrin, C. Randieri, D. Rebreyend, F. Renard, N. Rudnev, T. Russew, G. Russo, C. Schaerf, M. L. Sperduto, M. C. Sutera, A. Turinge, V. Vegna (2009)
Abstract
The double polarization (beam-recoil) observables Ox and Oz have been measured for the reac- tion γp → K+Λ from threshold production to E ∼ 1500MeV. The data were obtained with the linearly polarized beam of the GRAAL facility. Values for the target asymmetry T could also be extracted despite the use of an unpolarized target. Analyses of our results by two isobar models tend to confirm the necessity to include new or poorly known resonances in the 1900MeV mass region.
first law of therodynamics, statement of second law, carnot heat engine,efficiency, concept of entropy, variation of entropy,phase transition,enropy change for reversible and irreversible process
Implication of Nernst's Heat Theorem and Its application to deduce III law of thermodynamics and Determination of absolute entropies of perfectly crystalline solids using III law of thermodynamics
We proposed Single Activation Energy Model for Radiation Damage in SSNTDs, including most of Insulators, for example, Glasses, Polymers and Mineral Crystals. My Ph.D. Scholars,SK Modgil, RK Bhatia, and Gurinder Singh made major contributions in improving this model.
Stellar Measurements with the New Intensity FormulaIOSR Journals
In this paper a linear relationship in stellar optical spectra has been found by using a
spectroscopical method used on optical light sources where it is possible to organize atomic and ionic data.
This method is based on a new intensity formula in optical emission spectroscopy (OES). Like the HR-diagram ,
it seems to be possible to organize the luminosity of stars from different spectral classes. From that organization
it is possible to determine the temperature , density and mass of stars by using the new intensity formula. These
temperature, density and mass values agree well with literature values. It is also possible to determine the mean
electron temperature of the optical layers (photospheres) of the stars as it is for atoms in the for laboratory
plasmas. The mean value of the ionization energies of the different elements of the stars has shown to be very
significant for each star. This paper also shows that the hydrogen Balmer absorption lines in the stars follow
the new intensity formula.
Dr. wael elhelece thermodynamics 230chemWael Elhelece
1.Some Terminology بعض المفاهيم
2.Heat الحرارة
3.Heats of Reaction and Calorimetry حرارة التفاعلات والمسعر الحراري
4.Work الشغل
5.The First Law of Thermodynamics القانون الأول للديناميكا الحرارية
6.Heats of Reaction: dU and dH حرارات التفاعل
7.The Indirect Determination of dH, Hess’s Law
التعين غير المباشر للتغير فى المحتوى الحرارى وقانون هس
8.Standard Enthalpies of Formation
حرارات التكون القياسية
9.Fuels as Sources of Energy
خلايا الوقود كمصدر للطاقة
10.Focus on Fats, Carbohydrates, and Energy Storage
نظرة على الدهون والكربوهيدرات وتخزين الطاقة
Kinetic-molecular theory of gases, Distribution of molecular Speeds in gas kinetics. Diffusion and applications, Effusion. Using the van der Waals equation to calculate the pressure of a gas.
33 Measurement of beam-recoil observables Ox, Oz and target asymmetry T for t...Cristian Randieri PhD
Measurement of beam-recoil observables Ox, Oz and target asymmetry T for the reaction γρ → K+Λ - The European Physical Journal A, Hadrons and Nuclei, February 2009, Vol. 39, N. 2, pp. 149–161, ISSN: 1434-6001, doi: 10.1140/epja/i2008-10713-4
di A. Lleres, O. Bartalini, V. Bellini, J. P. Bocquet, P. Calvat, M. Capogni, L. Casano, M. Castoldi, A. D’Angelo, J. P. Didelez, R. Di Salvo, A. Fantini, D. Franco, C. Gaulard, G. Gervino, F. Ghio, B. Girolami, A. Giusa, M. Guidal, E. Hourany, R. Kunne, V. Kuznetsov, A. Lapik, P. Levi Sandri, F. Mammoliti, G. Mandaglio, D. Moricciani, A. N. Mushkarenkov, V. Nedorezov, L. Nicoletti, C. Perrin, C. Randieri, D. Rebreyend, F. Renard, N. Rudnev, T. Russew, G. Russo, C. Schaerf, M. L. Sperduto, M. C. Sutera, A. Turinge, V. Vegna (2009)
Abstract
The double polarization (beam-recoil) observables Ox and Oz have been measured for the reac- tion γp → K+Λ from threshold production to E ∼ 1500MeV. The data were obtained with the linearly polarized beam of the GRAAL facility. Values for the target asymmetry T could also be extracted despite the use of an unpolarized target. Analyses of our results by two isobar models tend to confirm the necessity to include new or poorly known resonances in the 1900MeV mass region.
first law of therodynamics, statement of second law, carnot heat engine,efficiency, concept of entropy, variation of entropy,phase transition,enropy change for reversible and irreversible process
Implication of Nernst's Heat Theorem and Its application to deduce III law of thermodynamics and Determination of absolute entropies of perfectly crystalline solids using III law of thermodynamics
We proposed Single Activation Energy Model for Radiation Damage in SSNTDs, including most of Insulators, for example, Glasses, Polymers and Mineral Crystals. My Ph.D. Scholars,SK Modgil, RK Bhatia, and Gurinder Singh made major contributions in improving this model.
Stellar Measurements with the New Intensity FormulaIOSR Journals
In this paper a linear relationship in stellar optical spectra has been found by using a
spectroscopical method used on optical light sources where it is possible to organize atomic and ionic data.
This method is based on a new intensity formula in optical emission spectroscopy (OES). Like the HR-diagram ,
it seems to be possible to organize the luminosity of stars from different spectral classes. From that organization
it is possible to determine the temperature , density and mass of stars by using the new intensity formula. These
temperature, density and mass values agree well with literature values. It is also possible to determine the mean
electron temperature of the optical layers (photospheres) of the stars as it is for atoms in the for laboratory
plasmas. The mean value of the ionization energies of the different elements of the stars has shown to be very
significant for each star. This paper also shows that the hydrogen Balmer absorption lines in the stars follow
the new intensity formula.
mass spectrometry for pesticides residue analysis- L2sherif Taha
This is the second lecture in series of lectures on mass spectrometry for pesticides residue analysis. This lecture (2) include: Electron ionization and Chemical ionization
Consequencies of the new intensity formula in many optical spectroscopy fieldsIOSR Journals
This paper is an extended review paper about the use of a new intensity formula in optical emission spectroscopy, atmospheric physics and astronomy. The laboratory data of atomic- and ionic spectra from different light sources do support the new formula. In the atmospheric field dominant light mechanisms in aurora have been revealed, which follow the new formula. The inverse of this formula can also be used to show the photoelectric effect for many elements. In astronomy new methods have been developed of determining electron- and effective temperature, density and mass of stars with the new formula as a basis, which are in accordance with literature values. An investigation of the Balmer lines in the sun shows that they do follow the new formula. Therefore the new formula is important in the sun and the stars.
This is presentation is useful for the M. Sc. I students from Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University Amravati. It includes Collision Theory its Derivation and Limitations
Introduction, Basic Principles, Terminology, Instrumentation, Ionization techniques (EI, CI, FAB, MALDI, and ESI), Mass Analyzer (Magnetic sector instruments, Quadrupole, TOF, and ICR ), and Applications of Mass Spectrometry.
Fluorescence quenching of 5-methyl-2-phenylindole (MPI) by carbon tetrachlori...IOSR Journals
The fluorescence quenching of 5-methyl-2-phenylindole (MPI) by carbon tetrachloride by steady state in different solvents, and by transient method in benzene has been carried out at room temperature. The Stern–Volmer (SV) plot has been found to be non-linear with a positive deviation for all the solvents studied. In order to interpret these results we have invoked the ground state complex and sphere of action static quenching models. Using these models various rate parameters have been determined. The magnitudes of these parameters imply that sphere of action static quenching model agrees well with the experimental results. Hence the positive deviation in the SV plots is attributed to the static and dynamic quenching. Further, from the studies of temperature dependence of rate parameters and lifetime measurements, it could be explained that the positive deviation is due to the presence of a small static quenching component in the overall dynamic quenching. With the use of finite sink approximation model, it was possible to check whether these bimolecular reactions as diffusion limited and to estimate independently distance parameter R′ and mutual diffusion coefficient D. Finally an effort has been made to correlate the values of R′ and D with the values of the encounter distance R and the mutual diffusion coefficient D determined using the Edward's empirical relation and Stokes–Einstein relation.
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Understanding Intrinsic Properties of Biological Molecules in Absence of Solvent: Effective Temperature of Ions in a QIT Mass Spectrometer
1. Understanding Intrinsic Properties of Biological Molecules in Absence of Solvent: Effective Temperature of Ions in a QIT Mass Spectrometer Jenny Pui Shan Wong Supervisor: Professor R. Jockusch
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6. Quadruple Ion Trap The Lissajous or “figure-eight” trajectory of a single ion (blue) and the projections of the trajectory (red) at the centre of the ion trap.
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12. Dissociation of Leucine Enkephalin LE = leucine enkephalin LE* = excited leucine enkephalin = rate constant Pseudo First-order dissociation : activation depends on collisions with He, P He is held constant ( 1 , -1 >> 2 ) Rate constant, = Ae -Ea/R T (can be rearranged to) T eff Arrhenius (A), Activation energy (Ea), and k known from previous experiments From the Arrhenius Equation: The Distribution of ion internal energy is approximately Boltzmann.
13. Effective Temperature “ Temperature” is the statistical distribution of molecular kinetic energy (the Boltzmann Distribution). The population of the LE and LE* is not exactly at a “temperature” but the distribution of ion internal energy is similar to Boltzmann distribution, hence, effective temperature.
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15. Experiment 1. Solution: 5ug/ml of leucine enkephalin (50/50 acetonitrile/0.1% acetic acid). 2. Isolate Parent ion (556.2Da) and fragment using various voltages (0.18V – 0.23V). 3. Plot intensity ratio of parent ion: parent ion+fragments vs. activation time A line of best fit is generated with the resulting regression analysis r 2 -value to determine linearity and the slope of the line gives dissociation constant. Day “1”
16. Day “2” Comparison of the dissociation plots between the two days -improved linearity (want r 2 ~ 0.99) Problem: -the slope of the plots are very different (should be within a narrow range) Results and Discussion
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19. Excitation “Window” Variation in excitation window (which changes the waveform for fragmentation of ions) result in changes in dissociation kinetics (different slopes).
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21. Similar slope and good linearity for the dissociation on separate days after improved experimental method.
22. Dissociation Kinetics of Leucine Enkephalin Well-fit by 1 st order dissociation kinetics. Leucine enkephalin dissociates faster at higher voltages (k= -slope)
23. Effective Temperature Plot Data from dissociation plots at different voltages plotted as an effective temperature plot where slope is –Ea/R T eff depends linearly on activation amplitude. (This result is in contrast To a model which predicted a quadratic relationship (Goeringer et al). This result agrees with other experimental results obtained using different kinds of ion traps (Gabelica, et al).
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