This document discusses the emergence and development of social science. It defines social science as the study of society using scientific methods and traditions. Several key concepts in social science are introduced such as ethnography, modernity, functionalism, positivism, and the scientific method. Important early Filipino thinkers who applied social science to understand Philippine society and advance independence are also mentioned, including Jose Rizal, Isabelo de los Reyes, Jose Burgos, Pedro Paterno, and Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera.

1. HOW DID THE SOCIAL
SCIENCE EMERGE? HOW
DOES IT LINK TO THE
NATURAL SCIENCES?

2.  1.Define Social Science as the study of society in the mould of
scientific tradition.
 2.Chart the development of Social Science in the context of
Western intellectual history .
 3.Explain what consists Social Science and appreciate their
differences and collective objectives:
 4. Introduce Social Science methods as key to the study of
this discipline; and
 5.Learn about how Social Science started in the Philippines in
the context of the Filipino struggle for independence.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES

3.  Perhaps one of the most important and earliest depictions of
Philippine social life depicted in popular art is Kenkoy by Tony
Velasquez.This character both typifies and critiques the image
of the colonized Filipino during the American colonial regime.
Meanwhile in the 1950s,Larry Alcala started Sliced of life and
featured vignettes about Filipino life and society.
WHAT COMPRISES SOCIETY?

4.  More recently, in the
1990s,Pol Medina’s critical
and Socially engaged Pugod
Baboy came out in a major
daily and easily became a
fovorite among readers
both young and adult. There
have been many more
illustrations,comic
strips,popular art
characters, political
cartoons,etc,which all
strived to comment
critique,and question
contemporary Philippine
society and social values.

5.  In Social Science, every day life
has gone beyond its usual
definition and usage: it has come
to mean a pattern of activities of
a group of people within a society
and thus a good source of
information about the structures
of their lives worldview ,and
individual decisions and
struggles.
“EVERYDAY LIFE”

6.  How is society different from nature?
HOW IS SOCIETY DIFFERENT FROM
NATURE?

7.  By the 19th century to early 20th century, different types of
societies all over the world had been classified and
categorized placing a Western( European and North American)
urban and industrialized society in direct opposition to non-
Western,”PRIMITIVE” society.
 The word “PRIMITIVE” in this sense refers to everything that
contrasts with that of an industrial, urbanized society

8.  FROM the Greek root word ethnos,which means a group of
people and the German word graphein which means
description.Ethnography is a detailed description of a specific
cultural and social group that has become a central
methodological piece of the discipline of anthropology.
“ETHNOGRAPHY”

9.  In the 2012 London Olympics, the spectacular opening rites
highlighted a dominant theme the rise of Britain from a
mainly feudal and rural country to become a major industrial
force in the world by the end of the 19th century
UNDERSTANDING MODERNITY AND
SOCIAL SCIENCE

10.  Modernity is a concept that deals not only with the shift in the
physical and material condition of society but also with the
mental and behavioural shifts among people.
MODERNITY

11.  Functionalism is a theory of the mind in contemporary
philosophy, developed largely as an alternative to both the
identity theory of mind and behaviourism.
“FUNCTIONALISM”

12.  May seem ordinary terms, but, in the social sciences, they are
big ideas that have steered the emerging discipline into full-
blown academic inquiry in the late 18th to early mid-19th
century.
SOCIETY & COMMUNITY

13.  Coming from the French word postivisme which is dervid from
the root word postivisme, which is derived from the root word
prositif and denotes that something is arbitrarily imposed on
the mind by sensory experience. This philosophy came to be
associated with the scientific method.
POSITIVISM

14.  Dominant perspective in academic circles during the early
20th century was that Positivism very much shaped the way
society should be studied. Social Sciences, hence ,sciences
that view phenomena as consisting of empirically detectable
or verifiable events through artefacts ,fossils and other hard
evidences ,social facts and social phenomena.
DOMINANT PERSPECTIVE

15.  Known in science circles as the set or system of techniques of
research, is also the same principle and philosophy behind
social studies.
SCIENTIFIC METHOD

16.  Social Science is a body of knowledge characterized by an
objective to understand what society is and what does it do to
people living inside it.
 Science is also a key idea in the said rubric of disciplines
ESTABLISHING THE FRAMEWORK OF
SOCIAL SCIENCE

17.  Anthropology- anthropos ( Human) Logos ( STUDY)
 Demography – demos ( PEOPLE) graphein (description)
 Economics- economy ( household management)
 Geography- geo( Earth) graphein( DESCRIPTION)
 Linguistics- lingua ( tongue language)
 History- histoire ( recorded and documented events)
 Political Science –politika “POLIS”( Affairs of the cities)
 Psychology- Psyche ( MIND) LOGOS ( study of)
 Sociology- socius ( people together,associate), LOGOS ( study
of )
SOCIAL SCIENCES DISCIPLINES

18.  Ethics or moral philosophy is the
branch of philosophy that involves
systematizing, defending, and
recommending concepts of right
and wrong conduct
ETHICS

19.  In the Late 19th century, during the era of revolution and
proliferation of liberal ideas from Europe, Filipino
intellectuals made use of Science and empirical the friars.
These intellectuals ,who would later on be known in Philippine
history as the “Brains” of the emerging young nation,would
double as either liberal minded statesman or anticolonial
revolutionaries.
SETTING SOCIO-POLITICAL AGENDA IN
SOCIAL SCIENCES

20. Jose Rizal Isabelo de los Reyes
PIONEER FILIPINO IN SOCIAL SCIENCES

21. Jose Burgos
 First Filipino Archaeologist
Pedro Paterno

22. Trindad H.Pardo de Tavera
 Trinidad Hermenegildo
Pardo de Tavera y
Gorricho (April 13, 1857 –
March 26, 1925) was a
Filipino physician,
historian and politician of
Spanish and Portuguese
descent. Trinidad, also
known by his name T. H.
Pardo de Tavera was
known for his writings
about different aspects of
Philippine culture.