The Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act 2016 (RPWD Act) was enacted in India to replace the 1995 Persons with Disabilities Act. Some key points:
- It aims to give effect to the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities which India ratified in 2007.
- The number of recognized disabilities was increased from 7 to 21 to include conditions like acid attack victims, dwarfism, muscular dystrophy, and specific learning disabilities.
- It mandates inclusive education for children with disabilities and reservations in government jobs and higher education.
- It provides for social security, healthcare initiatives focused on prevention and rehabilitation of disabilities, and access to transport and technology.
-
Rights to Persons with Disabilities Act 2016 New Law for PwDs in IndiaRajnish Kumar Arya
The salient features of the Bill are:
i. Disability has been defined based on an evolving and dynamic concept.
ii. The types of disabilities have been increased from existing 7 to 21 and the Central Government will have the power to add more types of disabilities. The 21 disabilities are given below:-
1. Blindness
2. Low-vision
3. Leprosy Cured persons
4. Hearing Impairment (deaf and hard of hearing)
5. Locomotor Disability
6. Dwarfism
7. Intellectual Disability
8. Mental Illness
9. Autism Spectrum Disorder
10. Cerebral Palsy
11. Muscular Dystrophy
12. Chronic Neurological conditions
13. Specific Learning Disabilities
14. Multiple Sclerosis
15. Speech and Language disability
16. Thalassemia
17. Hemophilia
18. Sickle Cell disease
19. Multiple Disabilities including deafblindness
20. Acid Attack victim
21. Parkinson's disease
RPWD Act 2016 addresses some of the long standing demands of the Indian persons with disabilities. Inclusion of more conditions in disability list, free education for disabled children, framework for supporting institutional and social infrastructure, making accessible environment and provisions of punishment for violation of RPWD Act are very important.
This presentation is on the National trust act for the welfare of persons with autism, cerebral palsy, mental retardation, multiple disability and about the different schemes put forwarded by this act.
The Rehabilitation Council of India(RCI) was set up as a registered society in 1986.On September,1992 the RCI Act was enacted by Parliament and it became a Statutory Body on 22 June 1993. The RCI Act was the first act which was focused on rehabilitation of Disabled persons. Check the slides to know more.
THIS SLIDE ICLUES THE MAIN PROVISIONS OF THE PERSONS WITH DISABIILITY ACT,1995
this presentation explains the aims and the objectiuves of the act
THE MAIN PROVISIONS ARE:
1.prevention and detection of the disability
2.education
3.employment
4.non-discrimination
5..research and manpower development
6.affirmative action
7.social security
this also includes certain comprehensive steps taken by government for disabled persons.
Rights to Persons with Disabilities Act 2016 New Law for PwDs in IndiaRajnish Kumar Arya
The salient features of the Bill are:
i. Disability has been defined based on an evolving and dynamic concept.
ii. The types of disabilities have been increased from existing 7 to 21 and the Central Government will have the power to add more types of disabilities. The 21 disabilities are given below:-
1. Blindness
2. Low-vision
3. Leprosy Cured persons
4. Hearing Impairment (deaf and hard of hearing)
5. Locomotor Disability
6. Dwarfism
7. Intellectual Disability
8. Mental Illness
9. Autism Spectrum Disorder
10. Cerebral Palsy
11. Muscular Dystrophy
12. Chronic Neurological conditions
13. Specific Learning Disabilities
14. Multiple Sclerosis
15. Speech and Language disability
16. Thalassemia
17. Hemophilia
18. Sickle Cell disease
19. Multiple Disabilities including deafblindness
20. Acid Attack victim
21. Parkinson's disease
RPWD Act 2016 addresses some of the long standing demands of the Indian persons with disabilities. Inclusion of more conditions in disability list, free education for disabled children, framework for supporting institutional and social infrastructure, making accessible environment and provisions of punishment for violation of RPWD Act are very important.
This presentation is on the National trust act for the welfare of persons with autism, cerebral palsy, mental retardation, multiple disability and about the different schemes put forwarded by this act.
The Rehabilitation Council of India(RCI) was set up as a registered society in 1986.On September,1992 the RCI Act was enacted by Parliament and it became a Statutory Body on 22 June 1993. The RCI Act was the first act which was focused on rehabilitation of Disabled persons. Check the slides to know more.
THIS SLIDE ICLUES THE MAIN PROVISIONS OF THE PERSONS WITH DISABIILITY ACT,1995
this presentation explains the aims and the objectiuves of the act
THE MAIN PROVISIONS ARE:
1.prevention and detection of the disability
2.education
3.employment
4.non-discrimination
5..research and manpower development
6.affirmative action
7.social security
this also includes certain comprehensive steps taken by government for disabled persons.
disability laws,acts and policies in india ParthP6
all the laws, acts and policies for disabled persons which is implemented by government of India are attached in this file and hyperlink also provided of details of these acts.
There are so many schemes under National trust act as Disha,Vikaas,Samarth,Gharaunda,Nirmaya,Sahyogi,Prerna
Gyan Prabha,Sambhav,Badhte Kadam.Unique Disability ID,National Fund and National Award also included in it.There are so many schemes for education, employment and for Disability Certificate.
United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with DisabilitiesIFsbh
IF workshop in the European Parliament in Strasbourg, October 2012. Dima Yared, Human Rights Officer at United Nations Office for Human Rights, Regional office for Europe, presented the United Nation Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and how to use it to advocate for and promote the rights to work of people with disabilities.
disability laws,acts and policies in india ParthP6
all the laws, acts and policies for disabled persons which is implemented by government of India are attached in this file and hyperlink also provided of details of these acts.
There are so many schemes under National trust act as Disha,Vikaas,Samarth,Gharaunda,Nirmaya,Sahyogi,Prerna
Gyan Prabha,Sambhav,Badhte Kadam.Unique Disability ID,National Fund and National Award also included in it.There are so many schemes for education, employment and for Disability Certificate.
United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with DisabilitiesIFsbh
IF workshop in the European Parliament in Strasbourg, October 2012. Dima Yared, Human Rights Officer at United Nations Office for Human Rights, Regional office for Europe, presented the United Nation Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and how to use it to advocate for and promote the rights to work of people with disabilities.
Recommendation to set up Malaysian Research Institute for Exoskeletons and Ad...Mohd Hasim Ujang
A presentation for the subject 'Development and Public Policy', Master of Public Policy, University Malaya. The subject was taught by Dr Derrick L. Cogburn, a Visiting Associate Professor from the American University, Washington DC
Caution: while the official designation of the stated audience was accurate at the time of presentation, the official designation of the author stated herein was altered to suit the context of this presentation.
STRENTHENING PROTECTION OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES IN FORCED DISPLACEMENTDonbassFullAccess
The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 15 percent of any population are persons with disabilities1, with potentially higher proportions in communities that have fled conflict or natural disasters. Hence it can be estimated that there may be approximately 126,716 persons with disabilities among the population of refugees, asylum seekers, IDPs and stateless persons in Ukraine.
In situations of forced displacement, persons with disabilities may be at heightened risk of exploitation and violence; and often face numerous barriers to accessing humanitarian assistance. In addition, persons with disabilities are often excluded from participation in decisionmaking processes and opportunities to use their capacities to benefit their families and communities.
UNHCR’s Age, Gender and Diversity (AGD) Policy details the organization’s wider commitment to a rights-based approach and highlights that effective protection will only be achieved by ensuring equal consideration is given to the needs and capacities of different age, gender and diversity groups within displaced communities. UNHCR is thus committed to ensuring that the rights of refugees, asylum seekers and IDPs with disabilities are met without discrimination.
In our country so many acts passed by The Central and Stated Government.Here we will know about most important disability acts which are enacted by the Indian parliament, such as RCI 1992, PwDs Act 1995 and National trust Act 1999. which are very important to all professionals.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
2. INTRODUCTION
• WHO - world report on disability - One billion people, or 15% of the
world's population, experience some form of disability.
• Discrimination and stigmatization of people with mental illness have
persisted
• Stigma and discrimination lead to pervasive human rights violations
• CRPD is an International Human Rights Treaty of the United Nations
intended to protect the rights and dignity of persons with disabilities. It was
adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on December 13, 2006.
• India ratified the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with
Disabilities (UNCRPD) in October 2007
3.
4. HISTORY
• Rights of Persons With Disabilities Act, 2016 (R.P.W.D.) was enacted under the
Article 253 of the Constitution of India
• Draft Bill of this Act was created in 2011.
• The Bill was passed by the Rajya Sabha on 14 December 2016 and by Lok Sabha on
17 December 2016
• Rights of Persons With Disabilities Act, 2016 came into effect on 30 December
2016. It replaced the Persons with Disability (P.W.D.) Act that was enacted in 1995.
5. • The New Act will bring our law in line with the United
National Convention on the Rights of Persons with
Disabilities (UNCRPD), to which India is a signatory. This
will fulfill the obligations on the part of India in terms of
UNCRD.
6. • “person with disability” means a person with long term physical,
mental, intellectual or sensory impairment which, in interaction with
barriers, hinders his full and effective participation in society equally
with others;
• “person with disability having high support needs” means a person
with benchmark disability certified under clause (a) of sub-section (2)
of section 58 who needs high support;
7. • Numbers of types of disabilities have been increased from 7 to 21. Speech and
Language Disability and Specific Learning Disability have been added for the first
time.
• Acid Attack Victims have been included.
• Dwarfism, muscular dystrophy have has been indicated as separate class of
specified disability.
• The New categories of disabilities also included three blood disorders, Thalassemia,
Hemophilia and Sickle Cell disease
• In addition, the Government has been authorized to notify any other category of
specified disability
8.
9.
10.
11.
12. GUARDIANSHIP
• 14. (1) If a disabled person is unable to take legally binding decisions, may be
provided further support of a limited guardian to take legally binding decisions on
his behalf in consultation with such person, in such manner prescribed by the State
Government:
• —For the purposes of this sub-section, “limited guardianship” means a
system of joint decision which operates on mutual understanding and
trust between the guardian and the person with disability, which shall
be limited to a specific period and for specific decision and situation
and shall operate in accordance to the will of the person with disability.
13. CHAPTER II - RIGHTS AND
ENTITLEMENTS
• 3. (1) The appropriate Government shall ensure that the persons
with disabilities
• enjoy the right to equality, life with dignity and respect for his or
her integrity equally with others.
14. CHAPTER III - INCLUSIVE EDUCATION
• provide inclusive education to the children with disabilities
• (i) admit them without discrimination
• provide education and opportunities for sports and recreation activities equally with others;
• (ii) make building, campus and various facilities accessible;
• (iii) provide reasonable accommodation according to the individual’s requirements;
• (iv) provide necessary support individualised or otherwise consistent with the goal of full
inclusion;
• (v) ensure that the education to persons who are blind or deaf or both is imparted in the
most appropriate languages and modes and means of communication;
• (vi) detect specific learning disabilities in children at the earliest and take suitable
pedagogical and other measures to overcome them;
• (vii) monitor participation, progress in terms of attainment levels and completion of
education in respect of every student with disability;
• (viii) provide transportation facilities to the children with disabilities and also the attendant of
the children with disabilities having high support needs.
15. CHAPTER IV - SKILL DEVELOPMENT
AND EMPLOYMENT
• Vocational training and selfemployment.
• Nondiscrimination in employment.
• Equal opportunity policy.
• Maintenance of records.
• Appointment of Grievance Redressal Officer.
16. CHAPTER V - SOCIAL SECURITY,
HEALTH, REHABILITATION AND
RECREATION
• Social security
• Healthcare
• Research and development
• Cultural and recreation
• Sporting activities
17. PROMOTE HEALTH CARE FOR -
• surveys, investigations and research concerning the cause of occurrence of disabilities;
• (b) promote various methods for preventing disabilities;
• (c) screen all the children at least once in a year for the purpose of identifying “at-risk” cases;
• (d) provide facilities for training to the staff at the primary health centres;
• (e) awareness campaigns - information for general hygiene, health and sanitation;
• (f) take measures for pre-natal, perinatal and post-natal care of mother and child;
• (g) educate the public through the pre-schools, schools, primary health centres, and
anganwadi workers;
• (h) create awareness through television, radio and other mass media on the causes of
disabilities and the preventive measures
• (i) healthcare during the time of natural disasters and other situations of risk;
• (j) essential medical facilities for life saving emergency treatment and procedures;
• (k) sexual and reproductive healthcare especially for women with disability
18. CHAPTER VI
SPECIAL PROVISIONS FOR PERSONS
WITH BENCHMARK DISABIILITES
• Free education for children with benchmark disabilities.
• Reservation in higher educational institutions.
• 32. (1) All Government institutions of higher education and other higher education
institutions receiving aid from the Government shall reserve not less
than five per cent seats for persons with benchmark disabilities.
• Identification of posts for reservation.
19. CHAPTER VI - CONTD
• Incentives to employers in private sector.
• Special employment exchange.
• Special schemes and development programmes.
• Special provisions for persons with disabilities with high support.
• Access to Information and communication technology.
• Access to transport.
20. RESERVATIONS
• Every appropriate Government shall appoint in every Government establishment, not less than four
per cent. of the total number of vacancies in the cadre strength in each group of posts meant to
be filled with persons with benchmark disabilities of which, one per cent. each shall be reserved
for persons with benchmark disabilities under clauses (a), (b) and (c) and one per cent. for
persons with benchmark disabilities under clauses (d) and (e),
• namely:—
• (a) blindness and low vision;
• (b) deaf and hard of hearing;
• (c) locomotor disability including cerebral palsy, leprosy cured, dwarfism, acid attack victims and
muscular dystrophy;
• (d) autism, intellectual disability, specific learning disability and mental illness;
• (e) multiple disabilities from amongst persons under clauses (a) to (d) including deaf-blindness in
the posts identified for each disabilities:
22. CHAPTER X
CERTIFICATION OF SPECIFIED
DISABILITIES
• Guidelines for assessment of specified disabilities.
• Designation of certifying authorities.
• Procedure for certification.
• Appeal against a decision of certifying authority.
23. CHAPTER XVI - OFFENCES AND
PENALTIES
• 89. Any person who contravenes any of the provisions of this
Act, or of any rule made thereunder shall for first
contravention be punishable with fine which may extend to
ten thousand rupees and for any subsequent contravention
with fine which shall not be less than fifty thousand rupees
but which may extend to five lakh rupees.
24. • 1. Physical disability.—
• A. Locomotor disability (a person's inability to execute distinctive activities
associated with movement of self and objects resulting from affliction of
musculoskeletal or nervous system or both), including—
• (a) "leprosy cured person" means a person who has been cured of leprosy but is
suffering from—
• (i) loss of sensation in hands or feet as well as loss of sensation and paresis in the
eye and eye-lid but with no manifest deformity;
• (ii) manifest deformity and paresis but having sufficient mobility in their hands
and feet to enable them to engage in normal economic activity;
• (iii) extreme physical deformity as well as advanced age which prevents him/her
from undertaking any gainful occupation, and the expression "leprosy cured" shall
construed accordingly;
25. CEREBRAL PALSY
• “Cerebral Palsy" means a Group of non-progressive
neurological condition affecting body movements and
muscle coordination, caused by damage to one or more
specific areas of the brain, usually occurring before,
during or shortly after birth;
26. DWARFISM
• "dwarfism" means a medical or genetic condition resulting in an
adult height of 4 feet 10 inches (147 centimeters) or less;
27. MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY
• “Muscular Dystrophy" means a group of hereditary genetic
muscle disease that weakens the muscles that move the
human body and persons with multiple dystrophy have
incorrect and missing information in their genes, which
prevents them from making the proteins they need for
healthy muscles.
• It is characterised by progressive skeletal muscle weakness,
defects in muscle proteins, and the death of muscle cells and
tissue;
28. ACID ATTACK VICTIM
• "acid attack victims" means a person disfigured due to
violent assaults by throwing of acid or similar corrosive
substance.
29. B. VISUAL IMPAIRMENT—
• (a) "blindness" means a condition where a person has any of the following
conditions, after best correction—
• (i) total absence of sight; or
• (ii) visual acuity less than 3/60 or less than 10/200 (Snellen) in the better eye with
best possible correction; or
• (iii) limitation of the field of vision subtending an angle of less than 10 degree.
• (b) "low-vision" means a condition where a person has any of the following
conditons, namely:—
• (i) visual acuity not exceeding 6/18 or less than 20/60 upto 3/60 or upto 10/200
(Snellen) in the better eye with best possible corrections; or
• (ii) limitation of the field of vision subtending an angle of less than 40 degree up to
10 degree.
30. C. HEARING IMPAIRMENT—
• (a) "deaf" means persons having 70 DB hearing loss in speech frequencies in
both ears;
• (b) "hard of hearing" means person having 60 DB to 70 DB hearing loss in
speech frequencies in both ears;
31. • D. "speech and language disability" means a permanent disability arising out of
• conditions such as laryngectomy or aphasia affecting one or more components of
• speech and language due to organic or neurological causes.
32. 2. INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY
• A CONDITION CHARACTERISED BY SIGNIFICANT LIMITATION
BOTH IN INTELLECTUAL FUNCTIONING (REASONING,
LEARNING, PROBLEM SOLVING) AND IN ADAPTIVE
BEHAVIOUR WHICH COVERS A RANGE OF EVERY DAY, SOCIAL
AND PRACTICAL SKILLS.
33. SPECIFIC LEARNING DISABILITIES"
• "specific learning disabilities" means a heterogeneous group of conditions
wherein there is a deficit in processing language, spoken or written, that may
manifest itself as a difficulty to comprehend, speak, read, write, spell, or to do
mathematical calculations and includes such conditions as perceptual
disabilities, dyslexia, dysgraphia, dyscalculia, dyspraxia and developmental
aphasia;
34. AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER
• "autism spectrum disorder" means a neuro-developmental condition
typically appearing in the first three years of life that significantly
affects a person's ability to communicate, understand relationships and
relate to others, and is frequently associated with unusal or
stereotypical rituals or behaviours.
35. 3. MENTAL BEHAVIOUR,—
MENTAL ILLNESS
• "mental illness" means a substantial disorder of thinking, mood,
perception,orientation or memory that grossly impairs judgment, behaviour,
capacity to recognise reality or ability to meet the ordinary demands of life,
• but does not include retardation
• which is a conditon of arrested or incomplete development of mind of a person,
specially characterised by subnormality of intelligence.
36. CERTIFICATION
• In a notification released on January 4, 2018, the Ministry of Social Justice and
Empowerment provided guidelines for the certification of the various disabilities
specified by the RPwD Act. This document outlines screening, assessment, and
certification procedures
37. • The screening of ID (in addition to hearing, vision, etc.) is to be done by
pediatricians. However, the screening tool to be used has not been specified.
• Subsequently, the children/persons will be referred to child or clinical psychologists,
who will conduct the assessment of adaptive functioning and intelligence quotient
(IQ) testing.
• The standardized tools to conduct the assessments have been specified and include
the Vineland Social Maturity Scale (VSMS) for the assessment of adaptive functions
and the Binet Kamat Test of Intelligence (BKT) or the Malin's Intelligence Scale for
Indian Children (MISIC) for the assessment of intellectual functioning.
38. • The screening for SLD must be conducted by 8 years of age or class third (whichever
is earlier) by school teachers, and each school must establish a screening
committee. However, here too, the screening tool for SLD to be used by teachers
has not been specified.
• However, the recommended tool does not provide severity scores in its assessment
of SLD, and thus, the weighted benefits of different levels of severity would not
apply for SLD.
• In fact, the quantification of SLD has not been possible till date.
39. • The assessment of mental illness, a clinical assessment by a psychiatrist, rating with
the Indian Disability Evaluation and Assessment Scale (IDEAS), and/or IQ assessment
by a qualified psychologist must be carried out
40. •Rights of Persons With Disabilities Act, 2016 is a
good beginning.
•Entire government machinery and the society at
large will have to be sensitized towards the needs
and equality of P.W.D.
•The entire society has to participate in creating
such opportunities.