My first presentation in my life was about container ship in my first year at college in department of Marine and Naval Engineering hope to add some information to you about container ships
A bulk carrier, bulk freighter, or bulker is a merchant ship specially designed to transport unpackaged bulk cargo, such as grains, coal, ore, and cement in its cargo holds.
Today's bulkers are specially designed to maximize capacity, safety, efficiency, and durability.
Today, bulkers make up 15% - 17% of the world's merchant fleets and range in size from single-hold mini-bulkers to mammoth ore ships able to carry 400,000 metric tons of deadweight (DWT).
A bulk carrier, bulk freighter, or bulker is a merchant ship specially designed to transport unpackaged bulk cargo, such as grains, coal, ore, and cement in its cargo holds.
Today's bulkers are specially designed to maximize capacity, safety, efficiency, and durability.
Today, bulkers make up 15% - 17% of the world's merchant fleets and range in size from single-hold mini-bulkers to mammoth ore ships able to carry 400,000 metric tons of deadweight (DWT).
Brief Account of Cargo Handling Facilities.cargo handling service is being amended so as to include services of packing together with transportation of cargo or goods, with or without one or more other services like loading, unloading, unpacking, under cargo handling service.
A PRESENTATION ON SHIPPING TRADE TYPES TRAMP AND LINER SHIPPING AND ITS FEATURES AND IMPACT IN GLOBAL SHIPPING WITH EXAMPLES OF ITS TRADE ROUTE AND CHARACTERISTICS
Brief Account of Cargo Handling Facilities.cargo handling service is being amended so as to include services of packing together with transportation of cargo or goods, with or without one or more other services like loading, unloading, unpacking, under cargo handling service.
A PRESENTATION ON SHIPPING TRADE TYPES TRAMP AND LINER SHIPPING AND ITS FEATURES AND IMPACT IN GLOBAL SHIPPING WITH EXAMPLES OF ITS TRADE ROUTE AND CHARACTERISTICS
Chapter 13
Multimodal Transportation
Multimodal Transportation
Truck Transportation
Rail Transportation
Intermodal Transportation
Freight Forwarders
Project Cargo
Other Means of Transportation
Truck Transportation
In many parts of the world, trucking is a vital way of shipping internationally.
In some areas of the world, it represents 100 percent of the international traffic.
In others, it is a lower percentage, but trucking is still a significant part of the international traffic volume.
Importantly, though, trucking is almost always the mode of transportation for the “first mile” and the “last mile” of a shipment’s itinerary.
Truck Transportation
The critical issues for a shipper using truck transportation are the many different national rules and regulations that govern truck transportation. These rules influence:
The weight that can be placed in the truck
The hours that the truck can operate
The size of the equipment that can be used
The number of hours a driver may work
The training that a driver must have
These differences make for very different trucking practices from country to country.
A European truck is limited to an overall length. The tractor is compact to allow for maximum trailer size.
North American trucks are limited by the size of the trailer, with no constraints on the size of the tractor.
Australian trucks have fewer limitations on the number of trailers, leading to the concept of “road-trains.”
North American trailers are carried over long distances by “piggy-back” trains.
In Switzerland, regulations do not allow international trucks to cross the country. They are transported by piggy-back trains from one border to the other.
In India, congested roads encourage truckers to use piggy-back trains on some routes.
In many developing countries, the maximum weight capacities of trucks are routinely exceeded.
Rail Transportation
Rail transportation is also an important mode of transportation for international shipments, although it is mostly a domestic mode for the United States.
Nevertheless, a significant amount of cargo moves by rail in the U.S. In 2012, more than 40 percent of all ton-miles shipped long-distance in the U.S. was shipped by rail.
Rail transport has an approximate 18 percent market share for international cargo movements in the European Union when measured in FTKs.
Rail Transportation
Rail transportation is dominated by three issues:
The ownership of the railroad, which can be private (the United States) or public (most of the remainder of the world).
The infrastructure, such as issues of gauge (width of the tracks), electrification, curves, maintenance, and so on, which dictates the types of goods shipped and the speed at which they are delivered.
The relationship between passenger traffic and merchandise traffic, and which has priority over the other. In the U.S., merchandise traffic has priority, in many other countries, it’s passenger traffic that has priority.
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Containerization is a system of intermodal freight transport using intermodal containers (also called shipping containers and ISO containers). The containers have standardized dimensions. They can be loaded and unloaded, stacked, transported efficiently over long distances, and transferred from one mode of transport to another—container ships, rail transport flatcars, and semi-trailer trucks—without being opened. The handling system is completely mechanized so that all handling is done with cranes and special forklift trucks. All containers are numbered and tracked using computerized systems.
In the vast field of international logistics and trade, various specialized containers help move products all over the world. While traditional shipping containers have been the mainstays of the field, but there's one niche in this area that is called a tank container. The cylindrical container, sometimes known as ISO Tank Container are engineering marvels that are designed to store, transport and handle large quantities of gasses, liquids even powders, safely and effectively.
This article will take you deep into the tank container world by exploring their background as well as their design, uses, and the crucial function they play in today's modern world economy.
A Historical Perspective
Before we get into the intricate details that are involved in ISO Container Tank design, we should go back in time to comprehend the historical background. Shipping containers were the catalyst for revolutionizing the world of logistics.
In the late 20th century, the metal shipping container that was standard also known as an intermodal container, revolutionized the way that goods were moved over land and water. However, moving gas, liquids, along with other heavy materials presented a unique challenge that needed a specialized solution.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
Online aptitude test management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The purpose of on-line aptitude test system is to take online test in an efficient manner and no time wasting for checking the paper. The main objective of on-line aptitude test system is to efficiently evaluate the candidate thoroughly through a fully automated system that not only saves lot of time but also gives fast results. For students they give papers according to their convenience and time and there is no need of using extra thing like paper, pen etc. This can be used in educational institutions as well as in corporate world. Can be used anywhere any time as it is a web based application (user Location doesn’t matter). No restriction that examiner has to be present when the candidate takes the test.
Every time when lecturers/professors need to conduct examinations they have to sit down think about the questions and then create a whole new set of questions for each and every exam. In some cases the professor may want to give an open book online exam that is the student can take the exam any time anywhere, but the student might have to answer the questions in a limited time period. The professor may want to change the sequence of questions for every student. The problem that a student has is whenever a date for the exam is declared the student has to take it and there is no way he can take it at some other time. This project will create an interface for the examiner to create and store questions in a repository. It will also create an interface for the student to take examinations at his convenience and the questions and/or exams may be timed. Thereby creating an application which can be used by examiners and examinee’s simultaneously.
Examination System is very useful for Teachers/Professors. As in the teaching profession, you are responsible for writing question papers. In the conventional method, you write the question paper on paper, keep question papers separate from answers and all this information you have to keep in a locker to avoid unauthorized access. Using the Examination System you can create a question paper and everything will be written to a single exam file in encrypted format. You can set the General and Administrator password to avoid unauthorized access to your question paper. Every time you start the examination, the program shuffles all the questions and selects them randomly from the database, which reduces the chances of memorizing the questions.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONDENSING HEAT EXCHANGERS...ssuser7dcef0
Power plants release a large amount of water vapor into the
atmosphere through the stack. The flue gas can be a potential
source for obtaining much needed cooling water for a power
plant. If a power plant could recover and reuse a portion of this
moisture, it could reduce its total cooling water intake
requirement. One of the most practical way to recover water
from flue gas is to use a condensing heat exchanger. The power
plant could also recover latent heat due to condensation as well
as sensible heat due to lowering the flue gas exit temperature.
Additionally, harmful acids released from the stack can be
reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation. reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation.
Condensation of vapors in flue gas is a complicated
phenomenon since heat and mass transfer of water vapor and
various acids simultaneously occur in the presence of noncondensable
gases such as nitrogen and oxygen. Design of a
condenser depends on the knowledge and understanding of the
heat and mass transfer processes. A computer program for
numerical simulations of water (H2O) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
condensation in a flue gas condensing heat exchanger was
developed using MATLAB. Governing equations based on
mass and energy balances for the system were derived to
predict variables such as flue gas exit temperature, cooling
water outlet temperature, mole fraction and condensation rates
of water and sulfuric acid vapors. The equations were solved
using an iterative solution technique with calculations of heat
and mass transfer coefficients and physical properties.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
An Approach to Detecting Writing Styles Based on Clustering Techniquesambekarshweta25
An Approach to Detecting Writing Styles Based on Clustering Techniques
Authors:
-Devkinandan Jagtap
-Shweta Ambekar
-Harshit Singh
-Nakul Sharma (Assistant Professor)
Institution:
VIIT Pune, India
Abstract:
This paper proposes a system to differentiate between human-generated and AI-generated texts using stylometric analysis. The system analyzes text files and classifies writing styles by employing various clustering algorithms, such as k-means, k-means++, hierarchical, and DBSCAN. The effectiveness of these algorithms is measured using silhouette scores. The system successfully identifies distinct writing styles within documents, demonstrating its potential for plagiarism detection.
Introduction:
Stylometry, the study of linguistic and structural features in texts, is used for tasks like plagiarism detection, genre separation, and author verification. This paper leverages stylometric analysis to identify different writing styles and improve plagiarism detection methods.
Methodology:
The system includes data collection, preprocessing, feature extraction, dimensional reduction, machine learning models for clustering, and performance comparison using silhouette scores. Feature extraction focuses on lexical features, vocabulary richness, and readability scores. The study uses a small dataset of texts from various authors and employs algorithms like k-means, k-means++, hierarchical clustering, and DBSCAN for clustering.
Results:
Experiments show that the system effectively identifies writing styles, with silhouette scores indicating reasonable to strong clustering when k=2. As the number of clusters increases, the silhouette scores decrease, indicating a drop in accuracy. K-means and k-means++ perform similarly, while hierarchical clustering is less optimized.
Conclusion and Future Work:
The system works well for distinguishing writing styles with two clusters but becomes less accurate as the number of clusters increases. Future research could focus on adding more parameters and optimizing the methodology to improve accuracy with higher cluster values. This system can enhance existing plagiarism detection tools, especially in academic settings.
2. INTRODUCTION
•Container ships are cargo ships that carry all of
their load in truck-sizeintermodal containers, in a
technique called containerization. They are a
common means of commercial
intermodal freight transport and now carry most
seagoing non-bulk cargo.
•Container ship capacity is measured in
twenty-foot equivalent units(TEU). Typical loads
are a mix of 20-foot and 40-foot (2-TEU) ISO-
standard containers, with the latter predominant.
3. HISTORY
•There are two main types of dry cargo: bulk cargo and
break bulk cargo. Bulk cargoes, like grain or coal, are transported
unpackaged in the hull of the ship, generally in large volume. Break-
bulk cargoes, on the other hand, are transported in packages, and
are generally manufactured goods. Before the advent of
containerization in the 1950s, break-bulk items were loaded, lashed,
unlashed and unloaded from the ship one piece at a time. However,
by grouping cargo into containers, 1,000 to 3,000 cubic feet (28 to
85 m3) of cargo, or up to about 64,000 pounds (29,000 kg), is
moved at once and each container is secured to the ship once in a
standardized way. Containerization has increased the efficiency of
moving traditional break-bulk cargoes significantly, reducing
shipping time by 84% and costs by 35%. In 2001, more than 90% of
world trade in non-bulk goods was transported in ISO containers.In
2009, almost one quarter of the world's dry cargo was shipped by
container, an estimated 125 million TEU or 1.19 billion metric tons
worth of cargo.
7. •TEU
•The twenty-foot equivalent unit (often TEU
or teu) is an inexact unit of cargo capacity
often used to describe the capacity of
container ships and container terminals. It
is based on the volume of a 20-foot-long
(6.1 m) intermodal container, a standard-
sized metal box which can be easily
transferred between different modes of
transportation, such as ships, trains and
trucks.
10. •Here’s the list of leading container makers for your
reference.
•CIMC)China International Marine Container Group Co.,
Ltd.(
•SINGAMAS)Singamas Container Holdings Ltd.(
•CXIC)CXIC Group Containers Co., Ltd.(
•CSCL)China Shipping Container Lines Co.,Ltd(
•MCI)Maersk Container Industry(
•JINDO)Jindo Co., Ltd.(
•Those are the six largest container makers who account
for over 90% market share. You can see Container
market share by volume in the first half of 2007 )rather
out of date though( in the following pie chart
11.
12. •Flag states
•
•Container fleet in 2006
•International law requires that every merchant ship be registered in a
country, called its flag state A ship's flag state exercises regulatory control
over the vessel and is required to inspect it regularly, certify the ship's
equipment and crew, and issue safety and pollution prevention documents.