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- 2. Symbolic Interactionism •Considers the symboland details of everyday life, what these symbols mean, and how they interact with each other. •Gives serious thought on how people act, and then seeks to determine what meanings individuals assign to their own actions and symbols, as well as to those of others.
- 3. Structural Functionalism •Each aspect ofsociety is interdependent, and contributes to society’s functioning as a whole. •Society is seen as a complex system whose parts work together to promote stability and social order.
- 4. Social Consensus or Cohesion •Under functionalism, societyis held together by social consensus or cohesion which means: •Members of society agree upon and work together to achieve what is best for society as a whole.
- 5. Two Kinds of Social Consensus •MechanicalSolidarity -a form of social cohesion that arises when people in a society maintain similar values and beliefs, and engage in similar types of work. ex. Family of farmers, fisher folks, etc. •Organic Solidarity •Is a form of social cohesion that arises when the people in a society are interdependent, but hold to varying values and beliefs, and engage in varying types of work. ex. Metropolitan societies
- 6. 2 Types of Human Function (Robert Merton) •ManifestFunctions: intentional and obvious •Ex. Going to school to learn. •Latent Functions: unintentional and not obvious •Ex. Going to school to make social connections.
- 7. Social Conflict Theory •Views societyas being composed of different groups that struggle over scarce resources- like power, money, land, food, or status.
- 8. Class Conflict (Karl Marx) •Viewssociety as having different classes based on their relationship to the means of production. •Two Classes under Capitalism •Bourgeoisie- owns the means of production. •Proletariat- sells their labor to survive
- 10. Cultural Variation •Refers to thediverse social practice that different cultures observe. •Ex. Different customs of people living in cities, and in provinces. •Difference between generations X, Y, and Z. •Extended Family •Machismo •“Maria Clara”
- 11. Social Change •Refers toany significant alteration over time in behavior patterns, and cultural values and norms. •A movement that yields social consequence •Ex. Industrial Revolution, Abolition of Slavery, Feminism, Martial Law, People Power, Modernization, Diaspora •Social Movements inspire discontented members of a society to bring about social change.
- 12. Political Identities •Refers to aspecific political party affiliation or partisan identity. For many voters, belonging to a political party is not simply a voting decision.
- 13. Factors Affecting PoliticalIdentity ECONOMIC CLASS GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT IDEOLOGIES
- 14. Philippine name Englishname Leader Founded Ideology Lakas–Christian Muslim Democrats People Power- Christian Muslim Democrats Martin Romualdez 1991 (original), 2008 (current) Christian democracy Partido Liberal Liberal Party Leni Robredo 1946 Liberalism Nacionalista Party Nationalist Party Manuel Villar 1903 Conservatism Nationalist People's Coalition Eduardo Cojuangco, Jr. 1991 Social conservatism Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan Philippine Democratic Party-People's Power Rodrigo Duterte 1982 Socialism
- 15. Recommended Reading: • The Marchto Progress in the Philippines https://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/vie wfinder/2014/11/march-progress- philippines-2014112122317640995.html
- 16. Links for References • https://www.quora.com/What-does- political-identity-mean •https://www.cliffsnotes.com/study- guides/sociology/the-sociological- perspective/three-major-perspectives-in- sociology