This document discusses Ubuntu file systems. It begins with an overview of Ubuntu's history and pros and cons. It then covers the basics of file systems, including what they are, common types (e.g. ext2, ext3), and how they are structured and mounted. It also discusses commands used to create, modify, and manage file systems.

2. I. History
II. Pros and Cons
III. File System
A. What is File System
B. Types of File System
C. Structure of File System
D. Mounting File System
E. Creating File System
F. Some useful commands and tool

3. I. To Look at History
II. To Look at Pros and Cons
III. To Explore How Ubuntu implement File
System

4. 4
 Ubuntu is one of the flavors of Linux
Operating System
 Developed by Canonical Ltd.,Ubuntu
Community
 Free and Open Source Software
 Released in Oct 20th,2004
 Latest Release Ubuntu 14.04.1 (Trusty tahr)
on July 24th,2014

5. 5
 Disadvantages compared with Windows
 Isn't as popular as Windows
 Ubuntu is relatively hard to install, learn and use
 As It’s Open Source, Ubuntu is mainly used in
commercial applications, server implementation
 More than 75% current network servers are
developed based on Ubuntu, Linux or Unix
systems
 Due to the relatively high reliability

6. A. It is responsible for storing
information on disk and retrieving
and updating this information.
B. Example :
1. FAT16, FAT32, NTFS
2. ext2, ext3 …
C. In Linux everything is file

7. A. Network File System
1. NFS
2. SMB
B. Disk File System
1. ext2
2. ext3
3. FAT32
4. NTFS

8. A. Network File System are physically
somewhere else, but appear as if
they are mounted on one computer.
B. NFS
It was developed by Sun.
C. SMB
It was developed by Microsoft.

9.  Disk File System are what you will
find on a physical device, such as
hard drive in a computer.

10. A. It has been the standard File System for
Linux.
B. The original Extended File System was
named ext.
C. The ext2 File System can accommodate:
1. Files as large as 2GB
2. Directories as large as 2TB
3. Max. file name length of 255
characters.

11. A. It is as same as ext2.
B. It is a journaling File System for
Linux.
C. In a journaling system, metadata is
written to a journal on the disk
before it is actually used to modify
the file.

13.  Hold the most commonly used essential user
programs
i. Login
ii. Shells (bash, ksh, csh)
iii. File manipulation utilities (cp, mv, rm, ln, tar)
iv. Editors (ed, vi)
v. File system utilities (dd, df, mount, umount,
sync)
vi. System utilities (uname, hostname)
vii. GNU utilities like gzip and gunzip

14.  Hold essential maintenance or system programs
such as the following:
i. Fsck
ii. mkfs
iii. shutdown
iv. lilo
v. init
 The main difference between the programs stored
in /bin and /sbin is that the programs in /sbin are
executable only by root.

15.  Store the systemwide configuration files
required by many programs.
i. Passwd
ii. fstab
iii. hosts
iv. lilo.conf

16.  The /home directory is where all the home
directories for all the users on a system are
stored.
 The /root directory is where all the home
directories for root user on a system are
stored.

17.  The special files representing hardware are
kept in it.
i. /dev/hda1
ii. /dev/ttyS0
iii. /dev/mouse
iv. /dev/fd0
v. /dev/fifo1
vi. /dev/loop2

18.  The /tmp and /var directories are used to hold
temporary files or files with constantly varying
content.
 The /tmp directory is usually a dumping ground for
files that only need to be used briefly and can
afford to be deleted at any time.
 The /var directory is a bit more structured than
/tmp and usually looks something like the
following:
i. /var/log
ii. /var/spool
iii. /var/named

19.  Most programs and files directly relating to
users of the system are stored.
 It is in some ways a mini version of the
/directory.
i. /usr/bin
ii. /usr/sbin
iii. /usr/spool

20. A. The Linux File System makes it appear as if
all the File System are local and mounted
somewhere on the root File System.
B. File System are mounted with the mount
command.
mount –t type source mount_point
C. To unmount a File System, the unmount
command is used.
umount /dev/<device name> or
mount_point

21. A. Once a disk has been partitioned for a
specific File System, it is necessary to
create a File System on it.
B. The first process in the DOS world is
known as formatting.
C. In the UNIX world is known as creating a
File System.

22. A. mkfs or mke2fs
Make a new ext2 File System.
B. mk3fs
Make a new ext3 File System.
C. mkdosfs
Make DOS File System without
owning any Microsoft software.

23. A. pwd
Where am I?
B. cd
Changes working directory.
C. ls
Shows the contents of current directory
D. cat
Takes all input and outputs it to a file or other
source

24. A. mkdir
Creates a new directory
B. rmdir
Removes empty directore
C. mv
Moves files
D. cp
Copies files
E. rm
Removes directory

25. A. gzip and gunzip
To compress and uncompress a file
B. tar
To compress and uncompress a file
C. fsck and e2fsck
Checks and repairs a Linux File System (same as
scandisk)
D. e2label
Displays or change the label of a device
E. dd
Converts and copies a file

26. A. df
Reports File System disk space usage
B. du
Estimates file space usage
C. ln
Makes links between files
D. file
Determines file type
E. tune2fs
Adds the journal to an existing ext2 File System

27. A. First:
A. Use the tune2fs utility to add the
journal to an existing ext2 File System
B. tune2fs –j /dev/hda2
B. Second
A. Edit the appropriate line in /etc/fstab
and change the value from ext2 to
ext3.