A bond issued in a country or currency other than that of the investor or broker. They include Eurobonds, which are issued in a foreign currency, foreign bonds, which are issued by a foreign government or corporation in the domestic market, and global bonds, which are issued in both domestic and international markets.
Bonds are one of the three main generic asset classes.
Bonds are a long-term liability with a specified amount of interest and specified maturity date. Bonds are used by companies, municipalities, states and sovereign governments to raise money and finance a variety of projects and activities.
Capital Market: Components & Functions of Capital Markets, Primary & Secondary Market Operations, Capital
Market Instruments - Preference Shares, Equity Shares, Non-voting Shares, Convertible Cumulative Debentures (CCD),
Fixed Deposits, Debentures and Bonds, Global Depository receipts, American Depository receipts, Global Debt
Instruments, Role of SEBI in Capital Market.
How hospitality business are supported by other industriesTeacher
The following Are the Major support industries :
Banks.
Phone companies.
Insurance companies.
Suppliers.
Transport.
The Bank Provides The following Services :
Payments .
Receipts.
Pay in money such as its taking.
A hospitality business could not operate without phone or other communication services. Communication systems needed by hotels
Include :
Telephone in guest bedrooms that can be used for calls within the hotel.
Internal telephones for each department within the hotels.
A reservation system to allow customers to phone to make room bookings.
Internet facilities that allow guests to access and use the internet.
Business services that require a telephone line, such as faze
A business will usually have building and content insurance this means that if there is any damage to the property such as broken windows the insurance company will pay to have the damage fixed most insure will also cover more serious damage caused by a fire or flood.
Trade mark
1 Apply to the registrar in a prescribed form
2 Single application is not enough for different goods
3 Territorial limits principal place of business in India of the applicant is situvated
4 According to the provision it may accept or reject
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
2. MEANING OF 'INTERNATIONAL
BOND'
A bond issued in a country or currency other than that of the investor or broker. They
include Eurobonds, which are issued in a foreign currency, foreign bonds, which are
issued by a foreign government or corporation in the domestic market, and global
bonds, which are issued in both domestic and international markets.
2
3. FEATURES OF
INTERNATIONAL BOND
1) It is a debt market
2) It is a fund raising market
3) Fixed income instrument
4) Issued in foreign currency
5) It channelizing savings
3
4. WHAT IS DOMESTIC BOND
Bonds help acquire orders and, in many cases, are a precondition for successful
conclusion of a contract.
For all entrepreneurs planning to enter tenders and conclude contracts for the delivery
of goods or services we offer a wide range of domestic contract bonds.
4
5. Bonds issued in the country and currency in which they
are traded. Unlike international bonds, domestic bonds are not
subject to currency risk. They usually carry less risk, as the
regulatory and taxation requirements are usually known
to investors in domestic bonds, or at least to their brokers and
accountants.
6. TYPES OF DOMESTIC
BOND
Public Sector Undertaking Bonds
Corporate Bonds
Financial Institutions and Banks
Emerging Bond Markets
Tax-Savings Bonds
6
7. WHAT IS EUROBOND ?
A euro bond is a debt contract between a borrower and
an investor, which records the borrower's obligation to
pay interest and the principal amount of the bond on
specified dates.
For -A firm issuing Yen bonds outside Japan .
When a Japanese firm issues yen bonds in the Euro
market.
7
8. INTRODUCTUON ON FOREIGN BOND
Foreign bonds are regulated by the domestic market authorities and are usually given
nicknames that refer to the domestic market in which they are being offered.
A foreign bond allows an investor a measure of international diversification without
subjection to the risk of changes in relative currency values.
8
9. Straight fixed-rate
bond issues have a designated maturity date at which the principal
of the bond issue is promised to be repaid. During the life of the
bond, fixed coupon payments that are some percentage rate of the
face value are paid as interest to the bondholders. This is the
major international bond type. Straight fixed-rate Eurobonds are
typically bearer bonds and pay coupon interest annually.
10. Floating-rate notes (FRNs)
are typically medium-term bonds with their coupon payments
indexed to some reference rate. Common reference rates are
either three-month or six-month U.S. dollar LIBOR. Coupon
payments on FRNs are usually quarterly or semi-annual, and in a
accord with the reference rate.
12. convertible bond
A issue allows the investor to exchange the bond for a pre-
determined number of equity shares of the issuer. The floor value
of a convertible bond is its straight fixed-rate bond value.
Convertibles usually sell at a premium above the larger of their
straight debt value and their conversion value. Additionally,
investors are usually willing to accept a lower coupon rate of
interest than the comparable straight fixed coupon bond rate
because they find the call feature attractive.
13. Bonds with equity warrants
can be viewed as a straight fixed-rate bond with the addition of a
call option (or warrant) feature. The warrant entitles the
bondholder to purchase a certain number of equity shares in the
issuer at a pre-stated price over a pre-determined period of time.
14. Zero coupon bonds
are sold at a discount from face value and do not pay any coupon
interest over their life. At maturity the investor receives the full
face value. Another form of zero coupon bonds are stripped
bonds.
.
15. Stripped bond
It is a zero coupon bond that results from stripping the coupons
and principal from a coupon bond. The result is a series of zero
coupon bonds represented by the individual coupon and principal
payments
16. Dual-currency bond
A is a straight fixed-rate bond which is issued in one currency and
pays coupon interest in that same currency. At maturity, the
principal is repaid in a second currency. Coupon interest is
frequently at a higher rate than comparable straight fixed-rate
bonds. The amount of the dollar principal repayment at maturity
is set at inception; frequently, the amount allows for some
appreciation in the exchange rate of the stronger currency. From
the investor’s perspective, a dual currency bond includes a long-
term forward contract.
17. Composite currency bonds
are denominated in a currency basket, such as SDRs or ECUs,
instead of a single currency. They are frequently called currency
cocktail bonds. They are typically straight fixed-rate bonds. The
currency composite is a portfolio of currencies: when some
currencies are depreciating others may be appreciating, thus
yielding lower variability overall.
18. Accrual bond
A bond on which interest accrues, but
is not paid to the investor during the
time of accrual. The amount of
accrued interest is added to the
remaining principal of the bond and
is paid at maturity.
19. Call price bond
The stated price at which a bond may be repurchased, by use of a call
feature, prior to maturity.
20. Debenture bond
• An unsecured bond whose holder has the claim of a general
creditor on all assets of the issuer not pledged specifically
to secure other debt. Compare subordinated debenture
bond, and collateral trust bonds.
21. Discount bond
• Debt sold for less than its principal value. If a discount bond pays
no interest, it is called a zero coupon bond.
A bond selling below par.
A bond that is valued at less than its face amount.
22. Face value bond
• The value that appears on the face of a bond that indicates
the bond s value at its maturity date.
23. Global bonds
• Bonds that are designed so as to qualify for immediate
trading in any domestic capital market and in the
Euromarkets