Bonds are debt instruments issued by governments and corporations to raise funds. They have features like a face value, maturity date, coupon interest rate, and credit quality. The main types of bonds are government bonds, corporate bonds, and municipal bonds. Bonds can also be categorized by interest rate structure, which includes fixed rate bonds, floating rate bonds, zero coupon bonds, inflation linked bonds, and perpetual bonds. When investing in bonds, the main advantages are fixed returns, lower risk than stocks, and clear ratings. However, disadvantages include needing a larger initial investment, risk of bankruptcy of the issuer, and lower liquidity than stocks.

1. CORPORATE FINANCE
Ravinarayana Reddy P V
PES1PG21MB276
1
Types of BONDS

2. Bonds are issued by organizations generally for a period of more than
one year to raise money by borrowing.
By Definition, “A Bond is a written and signed promise to pay a certain sum of
money on a certain date, or on fulfilment of a specified condition. All
documented contracts and loan agreements are bonds.”
In simpler words, bond acts as a contract between the investor and the
borrower. Mostly companies and government issue bonds and investors buy
those bonds as a savings and security option.
What are Bonds ?
2

3. What is a Maturity Date ?
3
Maturity date refers to the final date for the payment of any
financial product when the principal along with the interest
needs to be paid to the investor by the issuer.

4. ● Face value
● Maturity date
● Coupon Interest Rate
● Credit Quality
● Preference on liquidation
● Taxation
FEATURES OF BOND
4

5. Characteristics of a Bond
5
● A bond is generally a form of debt which the investors pay to the issuers for
a defined time frame. In a layman’s language, bond holders offer credit to
the company issuing the bond.
● Bonds generally have a fixed maturity date.
● All bonds repay the principal amount after the maturity date; however some
bonds do pay the interest along with the principal to the bond holders.

6. A bond issued by the Government of a country at a fixed rate of
interest is called Government Bonds. These kinds of bonds are
considered to be low-risk investments. Examples of
Government bonds include Treasury Bills, Municipal Bonds,
Zero-coupon Bonds, etc.
Government Bonds
Categories of Bonds
6

7. ● Corporate bonds are issued by companies. Companies issue bonds
rather than seek bank loans for debt financing in many cases because
bond markets offer more favorable terms and lower interest rates.
● Municipal bonds are issued by states and municipalities. Some
municipal bonds offer tax-free coupon income for investors.
● Agency bonds are those issued by government-affiliated
organizations such as Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac.
7
Categories of Bonds

8. Types of BONDS
8
Fixed Rate Bonds
In Fixed Rate Bonds, the interest remains fixed through out the tenure of
the bond. Owing to a constant interest rate, fixed rate bonds are resistant to
changes and fluctuations in the market.
Floating Rate Bonds
Floating rate bonds have a fluctuating interest rate (coupons) as per the
current market reference rate
Zero Interest Rate Bonds
Zero Interest Rate Bonds do not pay any regular interest to the investors. In
such types of bonds, issuers only pay the principal amount to the bond
holders

9. Inflation Linked Bonds
Bonds linked to inflation are called inflation linked bonds. The interest rate
of Inflation linked bonds is generally lower than fixed rate bonds.
These Bonds will offer protection against higher levels of realised inflation.
Perpetual Bonds
Bonds with no maturity dates are called perpetual bonds. Holders of
perpetual bonds enjoy interest throughout.
these Bonds are not redeemable, they pay a steady stream of interest in
forever.
Types of BONDS
9

10. Types of BONDS
10
Subordinated Bonds
Bonds which are given less priority as compared to other bonds of the
company in cases of a close down are called subordinated bonds. In cases
of liquidation, subordinated bonds are given less importance as compared
to senior bonds which are paid first
Bearer Bonds
Bearer Bonds do not carry the name of the bond holder and anyone who
possesses the bond certificate can claim the amount. If the bond certificate
gets stolen or misplaced by the bond holder, anyone else with the paper
can claim the bond amount

11. War Bonds
War Bonds are issued by any government to raise funds in cases of war
Serial Bonds
Bonds maturing over a period of time in installments are called serial bonds
Climate Bonds
Climate Bonds are issued by any government to raise funds when the
country concerned faces any adverse changes in climatic conditions.
Types of BONDS
11

12. TYPES OF BONDS
12
Traditional Bond: A bond in which the entire principal can be withdrawn at a
single time after the bond’s maturity date is over is called a Traditional Bond.
Puttable Bond: When the investor decides to sell their bond and get their
money back before the maturity date, such type of bond is called a Puttable
bond.
Mortgage Bond: The bonds which are backed up by the real estate
companies and equipment are called mortgage bonds.

13. 12-13
TYPES OF BONDS
Extendable Bonds:
The bonds which allow the Investor to extend the maturity period of the
bond are called Extendable Bonds.

14. Advantages-
• Fixed Returns on Investment
• Less Risky
• Less volatile
• Clear Ratings
• Investor Protection is one of the major advantages of Bonds
Advantages and Disadvantages of Bonds
14

15. Disadvantages
● Larger Investment needed
● Bankruptcy
● Less liquid compared to stocks
15

16. THANK YOU
Ravinarayana Reddy P V
PES1PG21MB276
16