Connections are structural elements used to join members in a steel framework. Common types include bolted connections, welded connections, and bolted-welded combinations. Bolted connections use bolts loaded in tension, shear, or a combination, while welded connections fasten members primarily through welding. Various connection configurations are used for beams to beams, beams to columns, column splices, and attaching columns to foundation plates with anchor bolts. Proper connection design considers the forces and structural role of the connecting members.
One way slab and two way slab- Difference betweenCivil Insider
Get PPT here
https://civilinsider.com/difference-between-one-way-slab-and-two-way-slab/
What is a Slab?
Slabs are the one of the most widely used structural elements whose depth is considerably smaller than rest of the dimensions. Basically slabs are used as roofs and floors in buildings, roof and bottom on water tanks, on bridges etc.
Slabs support and transfer load i.e. Dead load and live load, to columns by shear, flexure, and torsion. Slabs also help in reducing the effects of lateral wind loads and earthquake loads.
What is One Way Slab?
One way slabs are the slabs in which most of the loads are carried on the shorter span. The ratio of longer span to shorter span is equal to or greater than two or when the slab is supported by beams only along two opposite sides slab then the slab behaves as a One-way slab.
What is Two Way Slab?
Two-way slabs are the slabs in which loads are carried on both of the spans. The ratio of longer span to shorter span is less than two and when the slab is supported by beams along all the sides then the slab behaves as a two-way slab.
Difference Between One Way Slab and Two Way Slab
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Joints are easy to maintain and are less detrimental than uncontrolled or uneven cracks. Concrete expands & shrinks with variations in moisture and temp. The overall affinity is to shrink and this can cause cracking at an early age. Uneven cracks are unpleasant and difficult to maintain but usually do not affect the integrity of concrete.
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One way slab and two way slab- Difference betweenCivil Insider
Get PPT here
https://civilinsider.com/difference-between-one-way-slab-and-two-way-slab/
What is a Slab?
Slabs are the one of the most widely used structural elements whose depth is considerably smaller than rest of the dimensions. Basically slabs are used as roofs and floors in buildings, roof and bottom on water tanks, on bridges etc.
Slabs support and transfer load i.e. Dead load and live load, to columns by shear, flexure, and torsion. Slabs also help in reducing the effects of lateral wind loads and earthquake loads.
What is One Way Slab?
One way slabs are the slabs in which most of the loads are carried on the shorter span. The ratio of longer span to shorter span is equal to or greater than two or when the slab is supported by beams only along two opposite sides slab then the slab behaves as a One-way slab.
What is Two Way Slab?
Two-way slabs are the slabs in which loads are carried on both of the spans. The ratio of longer span to shorter span is less than two and when the slab is supported by beams along all the sides then the slab behaves as a two-way slab.
Difference Between One Way Slab and Two Way Slab
types of arches in architecture
how did romans build arches
brick arches construction details
arches in building construction
brick arches construction
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types of arch bridges
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types of arches in architecture
arch crossword
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small building foundation types
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commercial building foundation types
home building foundation types
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types of house foundations
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Joints are easy to maintain and are less detrimental than uncontrolled or uneven cracks. Concrete expands & shrinks with variations in moisture and temp. The overall affinity is to shrink and this can cause cracking at an early age. Uneven cracks are unpleasant and difficult to maintain but usually do not affect the integrity of concrete.
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Composite construction by Er. SURESH RAOAjit Sabnis
Presentation is a part of Structural Engg. series by ACCE(I) Institutes. Deals with details of Composite Structures-Design and Construction with case studies
A truss is an assembly of members such as beams, connected by nodes, that creates a rigid structure. In engineering, a truss is a structure that "consists of two-force members only, where the members are organized so that the assemblage as a whole behaves as a single object"
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
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About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
2. Connections are structural elements used for joining
different members of a structural steel frame work.
Steel Structure is an assemblage of different
member such as “BEAMS,COLUMNS” which are
connected to one other, usually at member ends
fastners,so that it shows a single composite unit.
6. On the Basis of Connecting Medium.
According to the type of internal forces.
According to the type of structural Elements
According to the type of members joining
9. Used for very long time.
Made up of:
Round Ductile steel bar called shank.
A head at one end
The length of the rivet should sufficient to form the
second head.
Design - very similar to bearing type of
bolted connection.
10. The introduction of high strength structural bolts.
The labour costs associated with large riveting
crews
The cost involved in careful inspection and removal
of poorly installed rivets.
The high level of noise associated with driving
rivets.
11. • Fastened Together primarily by Bolts.
• Bolts may be loaded in
Tension
Shear
both Tension & Shear
• Threads of bolts under shear force:
Excluded - Increased Strength
Included - Decreased Strength
12. ADVANTAGES
1. The bolting operation is very silent
2. Bolting is a cold process hence there is no risk of fire
3. Bolting operation is more quicker than riveting.
4. Less man power is required in making the connections.
Disadvantages
1. If subjected to vibratory loads, results in reduction in
strength get loosened.
2. Unfinished bolts have lesser strength because of non
uniform diameter
14. • Groove ( More reliable than others)
Fillet (Mostly used, Weaker than groove and
others)
Plug (expensive – poor transmission of tensile
forces)
Slot (expensive - poor transmission of tensile
forces)
Plug and Slot welds – stitch different partsof
members together.
15. Economical – Cost of materials and labors.
Efficiency is 100% as compared to rivets (75- 90%)
Fabrication of Complex Structures – Easy – like
Circular Steel pipes.
Provides Rigid Joints – Modern Practice is of Rigid
Joints.
16. No provision for expansion or contraction therefore
greater chances of cracking.
Uneven heating and cooling - member may distort -
may result in additional stresses.
Inspection is difficult and more costlier than rivets
17. MOST CONNECTIONS ARE SHOP
WELDED AND FIELD BOLTED TYPES.
More Cost Effective
Better Strength &
Ductility characteristics –Fully
welded
19. Single plate angle Connections
Double web angle connections
Top and seated angle connections
Seated beam connections
20. Two Step Process
A plate is welded to secondary section (beam)
An Angle is welded to Primary Section (column or
Beam)
single shear plate welded to secondary
beam and bolted to Primary beam or column.
21. Two angles welded or shop bolted to the web
of a secondary beam.
After erection the angles are bolted or site
welded to the primary member (beam or
column).
22. Generally used in case of moment connections.
Two angles are provided at top and bottom of
the beam to resist moment.
Generally used for lesser moments where
heavy loads are not acting
23. Generally used in case of shear connections.
A seating angle - at bottom of secondary
beam - shop welded to the primary member.
Seating angle resists vertical shear
coming from the beam.
24. Beam to beam connections
Column to column connections
(column splices)
Beam to Column Connections
Column Base Plate Connections
26. Connects column to column.
Column splice comes under this category.
Used to connect column sections of different
sizes.
Splices - designed for both moment
and shear unless intended to
utilize the splices as internal
hinges.
27. Connects Beam to column.
Very Common
A wide range of different types are
used Fin Plates
End Plates
Web or Flange Cleats
Hunched Connections
28. Beams are normally attached using two or
more bolts through the web.
End plate connections
single plate welded to the end of the beams
Bolted to the column flange or web - two or bolts
pair.
Fin plate connections
Single Plate welded to the Column.
Beams are normally attached using two or more
bolts through the web.
29. Steel plates placed at the bottom of Columns.
Function - to transmit column loads to
the concrete pedestal.
The design of a column base plate:
determining the size of the plate.
determining the thickness of the plate
30. A layer of grout should be placed between
the base plate and its support for the purpose
of leveling.
Anchor bolts should
be provided to stabilize
the column during
erection or to prevent
uplift.