Tx history-ch-6.4
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War broke out between France and Spain in Europe in 1719. This affected their colonies in North America as French soldiers from Louisiana attacked and raided the Spanish mission of San Miguel de Linares. In response, the Spanish temporarily abandoned the East Texas missions. However, in 1721 the Viceroy ordered the Marques de San Miguel de Aguyayo to reoccupy the missions. Aguayo negotiated an agreement with the French commander to separate control of French Louisiana and Spanish Texas. He expanded Spanish settlements by establishing Los Adaes as the capital and building the mission and presidio of La Bahia near Matagorda Bay.
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Tx history-ch-6.3
The Spanish returned to East Texas in 1716 to establish new missions after ignoring the region for over 20 years due to failures of earlier missions. They were alarmed by the presence of a French trader in East Texas as Spain prohibited French trade in New Spain. Domingo Ramon led an expedition to East Texas in 1716 where he and St. Denis, serving as a guide, were warmly welcomed by the Tejas Indians. They established the mission of Nuestro Padre San Francisco de los Tejas and five other missions in East Texas.
TX History Ch 6.4
War broke out between France and Spain in Europe in 1719. This affected their colonies in North America as French soldiers from Louisiana attacked and raided the Spanish mission of San Miguel de Linares. In response, the Spanish temporarily abandoned the East Texas region. However, in 1721 the Viceroy ordered the Marques de San Miguel de Aguyayo to reoccupy the missions. Aguayo negotiated an agreement with the French commander to separate control of French Louisiana and Spanish Texas. He expanded Spanish settlements by establishing Los Adaes as the capital and building the mission and presidio of La Bahia near Matagorda Bay.
TX History Ch 6.3
1) The Spanish missions in East Texas originally failed in the early 1700s, causing the Spanish to ignore Texas for over 20 years.
2) In 1713, a French trader named Louis Juchereau de St. Denis traveled through East Texas, alarming the Spanish and causing them to fear French influence in the region.
3) In 1716, the Spanish led a new expedition to East Texas to establish missions, with St. Denis serving as a guide. They successfully established the Mission San Francisco de los Tejas and five other missions.
TX History Ch 6.5
Life in the Spanish missions in Texas consisted of daily prayer and work from dawn to dusk under the direction of priests and soldiers. Men tended crops while women did tasks like making pottery, weaving, and cooking. The Spanish hoped the native Indians would adopt Catholicism and European ways of life, but they often maintained their traditional celebrations and customs. Overall, life was harsh with dirt floors, open windows, and occasional food shortages, though some missions had better conditions than others. Nearby presidios provided protection for the missions and supervised the Indians, and towns developed diverse populations and the beginnings of local government.
TX History Ch 6.2
Rene-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle led an expedition in 1684 to establish a French colony at the mouth of the Mississippi River. However, they missed the river's mouth and settled instead at Matagorda Bay, building a settlement called Fort Saint Louis. Disease and attacks from local Native Americans caused many deaths among the colonists. La Salle attempted to get help but was killed by his own men. The few remaining colonists were later killed in an Indian attack, ending France's colony in the region. This challenged Spain's dominance as the sole European power in North America.
TX History Ch 6.1
The document discusses the Spanish mission system in North America. The Spanish established missions along their northern border to convert Native Americans to Catholicism, develop the borderlands, and represent Spanish rule. Missions included religious communities located near water with amenities. They taught Indians agriculture and religion, though some resisted. Presidios were military bases, while civilians lived in towns and ranchos near the missions and presidios. Missions were also established in New Mexico and Texas, though the Pueblo Revolt of 1680 forced the Spanish out of New Mexico temporarily.
TX History Ch 7.3
1. The document discusses several expeditions and rebellions against Spanish rule in Texas in the early 1800s, including those led by Philip Nolan, Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, José Bernando Gutiérrez de Lara, and Augustus William Magee.
2. Gutiérrez de Lara declared Texas independent from Spain on April 6, 1813 but Spanish forces crushed the rebellion later that month.
3. The document also mentions several filibusters and pirates operating in Texas during this period, including Henry Perry and Jean Lafitte, and expeditions led by Dr. James Long seeking Texas independence.
TX History Ch 7.1
The document summarizes the Marqués de Rubí report from 1754-1785 regarding changes in Spanish Texas. It notes that France lost land after wars with Britain and Spain gained the Louisiana territory. De Rubí inspected the northern borderlands in 1766 and found the presidios threatened. He recommended abandoning settlements east of a new frontier line and consolidating the Spanish population in San Antonio for stronger defense. This led to East Texas' withdrawal beginning in 1773 and the relocation of Tejanos westward, eventually founding Nacogdoches in an effort to befriend local tribes.
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Tx history-ch-6.3
The Spanish returned to East Texas in 1716 to establish new missions after ignoring the region for over 20 years due to failures of earlier missions. They were alarmed by the presence of a French trader in East Texas as Spain prohibited French trade in New Spain. Domingo Ramon led an expedition to East Texas in 1716 where he and St. Denis, serving as a guide, were warmly welcomed by the Tejas Indians. They established the mission of Nuestro Padre San Francisco de los Tejas and five other missions in East Texas.
TX History Ch 6.4
War broke out between France and Spain in Europe in 1719. This affected their colonies in North America as French soldiers from Louisiana attacked and raided the Spanish mission of San Miguel de Linares. In response, the Spanish temporarily abandoned the East Texas region. However, in 1721 the Viceroy ordered the Marques de San Miguel de Aguyayo to reoccupy the missions. Aguayo negotiated an agreement with the French commander to separate control of French Louisiana and Spanish Texas. He expanded Spanish settlements by establishing Los Adaes as the capital and building the mission and presidio of La Bahia near Matagorda Bay.
TX History Ch 6.3
1) The Spanish missions in East Texas originally failed in the early 1700s, causing the Spanish to ignore Texas for over 20 years.
2) In 1713, a French trader named Louis Juchereau de St. Denis traveled through East Texas, alarming the Spanish and causing them to fear French influence in the region.
3) In 1716, the Spanish led a new expedition to East Texas to establish missions, with St. Denis serving as a guide. They successfully established the Mission San Francisco de los Tejas and five other missions.
TX History Ch 6.5
Life in the Spanish missions in Texas consisted of daily prayer and work from dawn to dusk under the direction of priests and soldiers. Men tended crops while women did tasks like making pottery, weaving, and cooking. The Spanish hoped the native Indians would adopt Catholicism and European ways of life, but they often maintained their traditional celebrations and customs. Overall, life was harsh with dirt floors, open windows, and occasional food shortages, though some missions had better conditions than others. Nearby presidios provided protection for the missions and supervised the Indians, and towns developed diverse populations and the beginnings of local government.
TX History Ch 6.2
Rene-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle led an expedition in 1684 to establish a French colony at the mouth of the Mississippi River. However, they missed the river's mouth and settled instead at Matagorda Bay, building a settlement called Fort Saint Louis. Disease and attacks from local Native Americans caused many deaths among the colonists. La Salle attempted to get help but was killed by his own men. The few remaining colonists were later killed in an Indian attack, ending France's colony in the region. This challenged Spain's dominance as the sole European power in North America.
TX History Ch 6.1
The document discusses the Spanish mission system in North America. The Spanish established missions along their northern border to convert Native Americans to Catholicism, develop the borderlands, and represent Spanish rule. Missions included religious communities located near water with amenities. They taught Indians agriculture and religion, though some resisted. Presidios were military bases, while civilians lived in towns and ranchos near the missions and presidios. Missions were also established in New Mexico and Texas, though the Pueblo Revolt of 1680 forced the Spanish out of New Mexico temporarily.
TX History Ch 7.3
1. The document discusses several expeditions and rebellions against Spanish rule in Texas in the early 1800s, including those led by Philip Nolan, Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, José Bernando Gutiérrez de Lara, and Augustus William Magee.
2. Gutiérrez de Lara declared Texas independent from Spain on April 6, 1813 but Spanish forces crushed the rebellion later that month.
3. The document also mentions several filibusters and pirates operating in Texas during this period, including Henry Perry and Jean Lafitte, and expeditions led by Dr. James Long seeking Texas independence.
TX History Ch 7.1
The document summarizes the Marqués de Rubí report from 1754-1785 regarding changes in Spanish Texas. It notes that France lost land after wars with Britain and Spain gained the Louisiana territory. De Rubí inspected the northern borderlands in 1766 and found the presidios threatened. He recommended abandoning settlements east of a new frontier line and consolidating the Spanish population in San Antonio for stronger defense. This led to East Texas' withdrawal beginning in 1773 and the relocation of Tejanos westward, eventually founding Nacogdoches in an effort to befriend local tribes.
TX History Ch 7.4
- Mexico gained independence from Spain in 1821 after a long fight led by figures like José María Morelos y Pavón and Agustín de Iturbide.
- Iturbide declared himself the first ruler of independent Mexico but proved unpopular and was forced from power, leading Mexico to become a republic.
- In Texas, wealthy Tejano ranchers lived on large ranches along the Rio Grande while others lived in small mud huts. Mexico took control of Texas and had to determine policies around settlement and governance.
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1. Spain established colonies in Florida and New Mexico in the 1500s-1600s, sending explorers like Pedro Menendez de Aviles to defeat the French in Florida and establish missions and presidios in New Mexico.
2. In 1598, Spain established the colony of New Mexico and founded its capital of Santa Fe in 1610, though the Pueblo people had long lived in the region. Large haciendas and the Royal Road connected New Mexico to Mexico City.
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France began establishing colonies in North America, the Caribbean, and India in the 1600s, following the successes of Spain and Portugal. French colonial efforts were driven more by state, church, and military interests rather than business. Key French colonial possessions included Canada, Caribbean islands, Louisiana, and parts of India. France lost most of its first colonial empire due to wars with Britain during the 1700s and early 1800s. The fur trade was an important early industry for New France, with the French establishing trading relations with various Native American groups while attempting to convert them to Catholicism.
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2) The Francisco Rivera revolt (1718) in Cagayan was led by Francisco Rivera but was soon liquidated by his own follower.
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French explorers established trading posts along the St. Lawrence River in Canada and allied with Algonquian tribes to trade furs. This fur trade attracted competition from other European powers and changed Native American culture by introducing firearms. While economic interests drove colonization, French Jesuit missionaries also aimed to convert Native Americans to Christianity. By the 17th century, warfare with the Iroquois endangered the French colonial presence in North America.
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TX History Ch 7.4
- Mexico gained independence from Spain in 1821 after a long fight led by figures like José María Morelos y Pavón and Agustín de Iturbide.
- Iturbide declared himself the first ruler of independent Mexico but proved unpopular and was forced from power, leading Mexico to become a republic.
- In Texas, wealthy Tejano ranchers lived on large ranches along the Rio Grande while others lived in small mud huts. Mexico took control of Texas and had to determine policies around settlement and governance.
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The Spanish
1. Spain established colonies in Florida and New Mexico in the 1500s-1600s, sending explorers like Pedro Menendez de Aviles to defeat the French in Florida and establish missions and presidios in New Mexico.
2. In 1598, Spain established the colony of New Mexico and founded its capital of Santa Fe in 1610, though the Pueblo people had long lived in the region. Large haciendas and the Royal Road connected New Mexico to Mexico City.
3. Growing tensions led to the 1680 Pueblo Revolt, where the Pueblo people drove the Spanish out of New Mexico, but Spain recaptured the region in 1692 and reestablished its colonies
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The French colonial empire began in 1605 with the founding of Acadia in Canada. Over the next few centuries, France established colonies across North America, the Caribbean, Africa, Asia, and the Pacific, becoming the second largest colonial power behind Britain by the 19th century. However, France lost most of its North American and Caribbean territories to Britain following several wars between the two powers from 1744-1815. While weakened, France rebuilt its empire in Africa and Asia in the 19th century before decolonization in the postwar period led to the end of the French colonial empire.
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2) The Francisco Rivera revolt (1718) in Cagayan was led by Francisco Rivera but was soon liquidated by his own follower.
3) Gabriela Silang (1763) formally joined the British and continued fighting against the Spanish authorities after her husband's death, earning the title "Joan of Arc of the Ilocos."
French Colonies of North America
French explorers established trading posts along the St. Lawrence River in Canada and allied with Algonquian tribes to trade furs. This fur trade attracted competition from other European powers and changed Native American culture by introducing firearms. While economic interests drove colonization, French Jesuit missionaries also aimed to convert Native Americans to Christianity. By the 17th century, warfare with the Iroquois endangered the French colonial presence in North America.
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This document summarizes the initial encounters between Europeans and indigenous peoples in the Americas beginning in the late 15th century. It discusses Columbus's voyages which mistakenly led to the discovery of the Americas in 1492. It then covers the Spanish conquest of the Americas over the following century, including their establishment of colonies, conflicts with native populations like the Tainos, and the large death toll from disease epidemics. It also discusses the environmental impacts of the Columbian Exchange and economic changes from silver and sugar production using coerced native and African slave labor.
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Carlist war and elisabeth ii
Ferdinand VII, the King of Spain, died leaving no clear heir to the throne. This led to conflict between the Absolutists and Carlists, who wanted a traditional monarchy, and the Liberals, who favored a constitutional monarchy. The first Carlist War lasted 7 years as each side tried to establish control over different regions of Spain. Eventually, General Espartero and Maroto signed the Vergara agreement, ending the war. Espartero then served as regent until Queen Isabella II came of age.
Our Lady of the Pillar Church, better known as Santa Cruz Church, Manila
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Our Lady of the Pillar Church, better known as Santa Cruz Church, Manila
Our Lady of the Pillar Church, better known as Santa Cruz Church, Manila
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Tx history-ch-7.2
The document discusses disputes between Spain and the United States over borders and territory from 1775 to 1819. It describes how the growing power and expansion of the United States posed a threat to Spanish control of Texas and Louisiana. Specifically, it outlines tensions over where the border between Texas and Louisiana should be located, with the US claiming the Rio Grande and Spain claiming farther east. In 1806, a temporary solution was reached to establish a neutral zone, but the issue was finally resolved by the Adams-Onís Treaty in 1819, which gave the US control of Florida in exchange for relinquishing claims to Texas.
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The document discusses the annexation of Texas to the United States between 1836-1845. It describes how Texans approved annexation in 1836 after gaining independence from Mexico. The US was divided on the issue regionally over the expansion of slavery. Several presidents and politicians supported annexation while others opposed it. Texas was finally admitted as the 28th state in 1845 through a joint congressional resolution signed by President Polk.
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Texas has a variety of landforms including plains, hills, plateaus, and mountain ranges like the Guadalupe Mountains. The state also has several river systems that flow into the Gulf of Mexico like the Rio Grande and its tributaries. While Texas has few natural lakes, it has many reservoirs and aquifers that provide important water sources, such as the Ogallala Aquifer and Edwards Aquifer.
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The document discusses Mexico's colonization laws in Texas in the 1820s and 1830s, which allowed empresarios like Stephen F. Austin, Green Dewitt, and Martin de León to bring settlers to Texas. The empresarios would receive large grants of land for every family they settled in Texas. Austin was the most important empresario, bringing over 1,500 families and is known as the "Father of Texas." By 1834 over 21,000 settlers lived in Texas due to the work of the empresarios in promoting immigration under Mexico's colonization laws.
Tx history-ch-5.3
1) Cabeza de Vaca returns to Mexico and reports stories of large cities and gold in the northern lands.
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3) Coronado leads a large expedition as governor but finds no gold, only adobe buildings at Cibola. He travels further and also finds no gold cities, marking the expeditions as failures.
Tx history-ch-3.2
The Gulf Coastal Plain region of Texas is divided into 5 subregions. The Piney Woods subregion is heavily forested and located in eastern Texas. It contains the Big Thicket National Preserve. The Gulf Coastal Plain subregion near the coast contains many bayous and includes the cities of Houston and Corpus Christi. Houston is the largest city in Texas. The South Texas Plains subregion includes the Rio Grande Valley and its largest city is San Antonio. The Post Oak Belt subregion contains lignite and its largest city is Bryan-College Station. The Blackland Prairie subregion has rich black soil suitable for farming and contains the Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan area.
Tx history-ch-6.5
Life in the Spanish missions in Texas consisted of daily prayer and work from dawn to dusk under the direction of priests and soldiers. Men tended crops while women did tasks like making pottery, weaving, and cooking. The Spanish hoped the native Indians would adopt Catholicism and European ways of life, but they often maintained their traditional celebrations and customs. Overall, life was harsh with dirt floors, open windows, and occasional food shortages, though some missions had better conditions than others. Nearby presidios provided protection for the missions and supervised the Indians, and towns developed diverse populations and the beginnings of local government.
Tx history-ch-3.3
The Central Plains region of Texas includes the Grand Prairie and Cross Timbers subregions. The Grand Prairie has thin soil better suited for livestock grazing than farming, with Fort Worth as the largest city. The Cross Timbers is divided into eastern and western belts by different tree species and separates the Grand Prairie from the Rolling Plains further west, where cattle ranching and farming of cotton and grains are important economic activities.
Chapter10.3
The document summarizes events in Texas in the 1830s leading up to the Texas Revolution for independence. It describes how Texans held two conventions, in 1832 and 1833, to protest Mexican policies restricting immigration and taxation. The conventions called for allowing more U.S. immigration, separating Texas from Coahuila, and establishing public schools. Stephen F. Austin lobbied for the conventions' resolutions but was later arrested in Mexico for advocating that Texas organize its own government.
Tx history-ch-9.3
Farming dominated the early Texas economy in the 1820s-1830s, with families working large plantations that specialized in crops like cotton. Ranching also thrived by taking advantage of the good pastures for raising cattle and livestock. Businessmen operated under a free enterprise system and engaged in trades like crafts, merchanting, and blacksmithing due to the limited money supply and need for barter. Poor transportation infrastructure, with inadequate roads and rivers, posed challenges for economic growth and trade in early Texas.
Tx history-ch-7.1
The document summarizes the Marqués de Rubí report from 1754-1785 regarding changes in Spanish Texas. It notes that France lost land after wars with Britain and Spain gained the Louisiana territory. De Rubí inspected the northern borderlands in 1766 and found the presidios threatened. He recommended abandoning settlements east of a new frontier line and consolidating the Spanish population in San Antonio for stronger defense. Texas policies from 1773-1785 followed this plan, relocating settlers from East Texas to San Antonio and later founding Nacogdoches. A peace treaty was signed with the Comanche in 1785.
Tx history-ch-6.1
The document discusses the Spanish mission system in North America. The Spanish established missions along their northern border to convert Native Americans to Catholicism, develop the borderlands, and represent Spanish rule. Missions included religious communities located near water with amenities. They taught Indians agriculture and religion, though some resisted. Presidios were military bases, while civilians lived in towns and ranchos near the missions and presidios. Missions were also established in New Mexico and Texas, though a Pueblo revolt forced the Spanish out of New Mexico temporarily.
Tx history-ch-9.1
Most early settlers in Texas were farmers from the United States, drawn by cheap land and easy payment terms, as well as seeking to escape debts from an economic depression. By 1834, the population of Texas was estimated at 21,000, with 15,000 from the United States and 4,000 Tejano residents, mostly living in San Antonio or Nacogdoches. Settlers arrived by wagon trains, horseback, walking, or water transportation, usually settling along rivers and streams in areas with fertile soil.
Tx history-ch-9.4
The document summarizes life in early Texas under Mexican rule after Mexico became a republic in 1824. It discusses how the Mexican Constitution of 1824 formed the state of Coahuila y Texas and gave states strong local control, similar to the US Constitution. However, it established Roman Catholicism as the official religion and did not have separation of church and state. Most Texans disliked being united with Coahuila as they wanted more local autonomy. Tensions also increased over slavery as Mexican laws restricted it while many US settlers brought slaves to Texas.
Tx history-ch-14.1
The document discusses Texas establishing diplomatic relations with other nations after gaining independence from Mexico in 1836. It notes that Texas wanted Mexico to recognize its independence, but Mexico refused. Texas sent diplomats to the United States and Europe to gain recognition. By 1837, France, Britain, Belgium and the Netherlands had recognized Texas, which was important for immigration, trade, and loans. However, Mexico still refused to recognize Texas.
Tx history-ch-5.2
Alonso Alvarez de Pineda mapped the Texas Gulf Coast in the 1520s. In 1527, Panfilo de Narvaez led an expedition to Florida in search of gold but his forces became lost in swamps. Storms destroyed their ships, leaving Narvaez and his men stranded. They built boats to escape but Narvaez drowned; the survivors, including Cabeza de Vaca, were washed ashore on an island along the Texas coast. For the next eight years, Cabeza de Vaca lived among Native American tribes, gaining fame as a healer. He and three other Spaniards eventually encountered a group of Spanish soldiers and were rescued.
Tx history-ch-6.2
The document summarizes Rene-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle's expedition to establish a French colony near the mouth of the Mississippi River in 1684. La Salle built Fort St. Louis after missing the river's mouth and landing in Matagorda Bay. However, the colony struggled with hunger, disease and Indian attacks. By 1689, the Karankawa Indians had destroyed the fort after most of the colonists perished. This established France's claim to Louisiana but was later found abandoned by the Spanish.
Tx history-ch-1.2
The document discusses different types of maps and their components. It explains that maps have grid systems using lines of latitude and longitude to determine absolute location. Key parts of maps include a compass rose to identify directions, a scale to convey distances on the map compared to real-world distances, and a legend to explain any symbols used. Common types of maps are reference maps, thematic maps, and those using different map projections.
Tx history-ch-2.2
Texas has a variety of climates that influence its landscape and human activity. The climate is affected by its location, winds, proximity to the Gulf of Mexico, elevation, and rainfall levels which increase from west to east. Texas experiences tornadoes, hurricanes, droughts, and blizzards. Native plants like wildflowers provide habitat for wildlife but some animals' habitats have been destroyed, causing some to go extinct. Lady Bird Johnson led efforts to beautify Texas highways with native wildflowers and established a wildlife research center to study plants.
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American colonies
The document summarizes the early colonization efforts of Europeans in North America from the 16th century through the early 17th century. It discusses how the Spanish and French initially explored the southeast and northeast regions, while the English later established colonies along the mid-Atlantic coast led by figures like Walter Ralegh. The first English settlements at Roanoke Island in 1585 and Jamestown in 1607 struggled but eventually thrived through the cultivation of tobacco in the 1610s. As tobacco grew as a lucrative cash crop, it led to population growth and conflicts with Native Americans over land.
The french and_indian_war
The French and Indian War began as a series of conflicts between England, France, and Spain from 1689 to 1754 over territorial claims in North America. England and France both claimed the Ohio River Valley, leading George Washington to fire on French soldiers in 1754, sparking open war. The British captured the key French forts of Duquesne and Montreal by 1760, gaining control of most of North America east of the Mississippi River but also accumulating massive war debts. To help pay these debts and maintain control, Parliament began taxing the American colonies through acts like the Sugar Act, Quartering Act, and Stamp Act in 1764-1765, fueling colonial opposition and resentment.
THE AMERICAN YAWPMenuSkip to contentHomeAboutBarbara Jordan – On the.docx
This document provides a summary of early European colonization in North America. It discusses how Spain was initially successful in colonizing Mexico, the Caribbean, and South America, gaining wealth from the Aztec and Incan Empires. However, other European powers like Portugal, France, the Netherlands, and England began establishing their own colonies to try to match Spain's gains. The French focused on fur trading in Canada. The Dutch set up the colony of New Netherland in present-day New York and New Jersey and also engaged in the fur trade. Both the French and Dutch generally had more cooperative relationships with Native Americans than the Spanish. The document also discusses the establishment of Spanish colonies in Florida and New Mexico and the introduction of African
Race For Empires
The document summarizes religious and colonial conflicts between England, France, and Spain in the 16th century. It discusses how the Protestant Reformation led to divisions in Europe and tensions over claims in North America. Specifically, it describes how Spain massacred the French Huguenot colony of Fort Caroline in Florida in 1565, and how the Spanish Armada was defeated by the English navy in 1588, marking the decline of Spanish power.
James Feldkamp 1- brief - cuba march 2019
James Feldkamp, world traveler explores Cuba part 1. Learn more about Havana and Cuba from James Feldkamp's travel in March of 2019
Chapter 3 Creating New Social Orders Colonial Societies, 15
Chapter 3 | Creating New Social Orders: Colonial Societies, 1500–1700
63
CHAPTER 3
Creating New Social Orders:
Colonial Societies, 1500–1700
Figure 3.1 John Smith’s famous map of Virginia (1622) illustrates many geopolitical
features of early colonization. In
the upper left, Powhatan, who governed a powerful local confederation of Algonquian
communities, sits above other
local chiefs, denoting his authority. Another native figure, Susquehannock, who
appears in the upper right, visually
reinforces the message that the English did not control the land beyond a few
outposts along the Chesapeake.
Chapter Outline
3.1 Spanish Exploration and Colonial Society
3.2 Colonial Rivalries: Dutch and French Colonial Ambitions
3.3 English Settlements in America
3.4 The Impact of Colonization
Introduction
By the mid-seventeenth century, the geopolitical map of North America had become a
patchwork of
imperial designs and ambitions as the Spanish, Dutch, French, and English
reinforced their claims to
parts of the land. Uneasiness, punctuated by violent clashes, prevailed in the
border zones between the
Europeans’ territorial claims. Meanwhile, still-powerful native peoples waged war
to drive the invaders
from the continent. In the Chesapeake Bay and New England colonies, conflicts
erupted as the English
pushed against their native neighbors (Figure 3.1).
The rise of colonial societies in the Americas brought Native Americans, Africans,
and Europeans together
for the first time, highlighting the radical social, cultural, and religious
differences that hampered their
ability to understand each other. European settlement affected every aspect of the
land and its people,
bringing goods, ideas, and diseases that transformed the Americas. Reciprocally,
Native American
practices, such as the use of tobacco, profoundly altered European habits and
tastes.
64
Chapter 3 | Creating New Social Orders: Colonial Societies, 1500–1700
3.1 Spanish Exploration and Colonial Society
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
• Identify the main Spanish American colonial settlements of the 1500s and
1600s
• Discuss economic, political, and demographic similarities and
differences between the
Spanish colonies
During the 1500s, Spain expanded its colonial empire to the Philippines in the Far
East and to areas in
the Americas that later became the United States. The Spanish dreamed of mountains
of gold and silver
and imagined converting thousands of eager Indians to Catholicism. In their vision
of colonial society,
everyone would know his or her place. Patriarchy (the rule of men over family,
society, and government)
shaped t ...
Atlantic wars and revolutions
The document discusses several topics related to the colonial era in North America and the Pacific:
1) In the late 1600s, British turned against piracy that it had once used, as pirates had become a liability; piracy offered sailors opportunity to strike back against harsh merchant ships.
2) Myths of religious freedom driving colonial emigration are untrue; most colonies offered less religious tolerance than England by late 1600s.
3) Horses and guns spread among Native Americans in 1700s after Spanish reintroduction of horses to North America and later trade and raids enabled their acquisition.
4) Seven Years War in 1750s resulted in British control of North America east of the Mississippi River after
California Missions
This document summarizes Spain's colonization and expansion into Alta California through the establishment of missions and presidios in the late 17th and 18th centuries. It discusses early Spanish explorations along the coast, the founding of Mission Loreto in 1697, the establishment of additional Jesuit missions in Baja California, and the uprising of native peoples in 1734. It then covers the expulsion of the Jesuits in 1767, the appointment of Governor Portolá and Father Junipero Serra to lead the colonization of Alta California beginning in 1769, and Spain's goals under King Charles III to secure the Pacific coast and transition California to civil society.
Daily Life In Spanish Texas Missions
The Spanish established missions in East Texas in the early 1700s to convert Native Americans to Catholicism and teach European farming and skills in response to French colonial ambitions, setting up successful ranching and agricultural communities along aqueduct-fed irrigation systems within large stone mission complexes, though frontier life was difficult and missions could no longer protect Native Americans by the 1800s as the new Mexican government secularized Texas missions by 1830.
Spanish American War
The document summarizes America's involvement in the Spanish-American War from 1867-1919. It describes how Cubans rebelled against Spanish rule starting in 1868 and launched several unsuccessful revolts. In 1895, Jose Marti returned to Cuba to lead another independence movement. Spain's harsh response, which involved relocating Cuban civilians to concentration camps where thousands died, increased support for the Cuban rebels in America. Yellow journalism from Hearst and Pulitzer exaggerated the conflict and tensions further rose after the USS Maine exploded in Havana Harbor. The U.S. declared war on Spain in 1898 and quickly defeated Spanish forces in Cuba and the Philippines. As a result, Spain lost control of Cuba and ceded Puerto Rico, Guam, and
20.1 spanish conquest in the americas (1st period)
The Spanish conquistadors were able to conquer vast empires in the Americas through military tactics and exploiting divisions between native groups. Hernan Cortes defeated the powerful Aztec Empire with superior weapons, horses, and smallpox, and by allying with other native peoples against the Aztecs. Similarly, Francisco Pizarro captured the Inca emperor Atahualpa and without his leadership, easily took control of the Inca Empire. The Spanish established a pattern of conquest throughout the Americas, imposing their culture and religion while exploiting native peoples through the encomienda system of forced labor. They established vast colonies, though faced resistance from natives and opposition from Spanish priests concerned for native welfare.
American colonies assign. 7 history 140
1) During the 18th century, the British and French fought for control of North America and influence over Native American tribes.
2) As the French military presence declined after 1763, British traders abused Native Americans and encroached on their lands, leading to conflicts like the Cherokee War of 1761.
3) Meanwhile, Spain sought to maintain its claims in the Pacific Northwest against growing Russian and British exploration of the region in the late 1700s.
Spanish missions-texas ppt
Spain established missions in Texas in the 18th century to serve as buffers against other colonial powers like France and England. The first mission, San Francisco de los Tejas, was built in East Texas in response to La Salle entering the region for France. However, Spain soon abandoned this mission and focused on establishing missions along the Rio Grande instead. But when French traders began moving into Texas from Louisiana, Spain grew worried and reopened the East Texas mission, building five more in the area. One of the most important of these was the San Antonio de Valero Mission, now known as the Alamo, built in 1718 in San Antonio.
The Spanish American War
The Spanish-American War was caused by Cuban rebels seeking independence from oppressive Spanish rule under General Weyler. American newspapers sensationalized Weyler's brutal tactics, angering the American public. When the USS Maine exploded in Havana harbor, papers blamed Spain and rallies formed under the slogan "Remember the Maine!". Congress granted President McKinley permission to intervene on behalf of Cuban independence. The U.S. fought Spain in Cuba and the Philippines, quickly defeating Spanish forces. Under the 1898 Treaty of Paris, Spain ceded control of Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines to the United States.
Spanish American War
The document summarizes the key events of the Spanish-American War in 1898. It describes how Cuba gained independence from Spain after struggling for years under Spanish rule. When the USS Maine was destroyed in Havana Harbor, American newspapers exaggerated the event and fueled public support for war. The U.S. defeated Spain and gained control of Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. The war marked the emergence of the U.S. as a world power with overseas colonies and territories.
Spanish American War
The document discusses American and Spanish relations in Cuba in the late 19th century. Tensions escalated as Cubans revolted against Spanish rule, and American newspapers sensationalized Spanish atrocities. When the U.S. battleship Maine exploded in Havana harbor in 1898, it provided a pretext for the U.S. to declare war on Spain. The U.S. defeated Spain within 15 weeks and gained control of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines through the Treaty of Paris that ended the war.
1 The Pueblo Revolt, 1680 Kevin M. Gannon (2013) Issue
1
The Pueblo Revolt, 1680
Kevin M. Gannon (2013) Issues and Controversies in History.
Were the Pueblo Indians Justified in Rebelling Against the Spanish?
The Issue
The 1680 Pueblo Revolt in the Spanish colony of New Mexico was the first—and only—
successful rebellion of Native American peoples against the Europeans who ruled them by force
during the colonial period of American history. Spanish colonizers and their Pueblo subjects
embraced diametrically opposed beliefs about the world and their place within it; the tensions
that sprang from this opposition would culminate in an extraordinary outbreak of violence and
insurrection in the summer of 1680. The Spanish believed that their colonial presence in New
Mexico was eminently justifiable, and that Spanish colonization was a mandate from God. To
the Pueblo, the Spanish used religious conversion as a vehicle of oppression, abused the native
population, and were powerless to protect the Pueblos from the numerous threats they faced to
their very survival.
• Arguments that the Spanish Presence in New Mexico Was Legitimate and Just: The
Spanish justified their conquests in the “New World” by arguing that the conversion of
Native Americans to Roman Catholicism was of paramount importance—the true Word
of God was being spread, and Indian souls were saved. Inherent in this view was a belief
that indigenous Americans were inferior to Europeans. By demonstrating the proper ways
to exploit the bountiful resources of the Americas (including plentiful amounts of silver)
and to worship the Christian God, the Spanish were undertaking a mission to “civilize”
what they saw as backwards, ignorant, and savage Indians.
• Arguments that the Spanish Presence in New Mexico Was Intolerable and that the
Spanish Must be Expelled by the Pueblo: For decades, the Pueblo had seen their land
and people mercilessly exploited by the Spanish. The Spanish had forced the Pueblo to
give them a share of their crops and other goods, leaving them with scant provisions to
sustain themselves and their families. The efforts of the Spanish Franciscan priests to
convert them to Catholicism also meant the often violent suppression of their native
religious practices. The Franciscans’ message of a loving and merciful Christian God did
not match the harsh and violent reality of Spanish colonization, which seemed to grow
worse over time.
Background
For Pedro Hidalgo, August 10, 1680, started out as probably most days did. A Spanish soldier,
Hidalgo served as a one-man security detail for Fray Juan Pío, a Franciscan missionary to the
Indians of the Tesuque Pueblo, one of many native pueblos in the Rio Grande region claimed by
the Spanish as part of the colony of New Mexico. Early in the morning, Hidalgo and Pío had set
out from the capital of Santa Fe toward Tesuque, where the priest was to say mass. At dawn, the
two Spaniards reached the pueblo, only to find it empty; even the livestock was gon ...
1 the pueblo revolt, 1680 kevin m. gannon (2013) issue
The document summarizes the events leading up to the 1680 Pueblo Revolt in New Mexico against Spanish colonial rule. It describes the tensions that grew between the Spanish colonists and Pueblo Indians as the Spanish exploited Pueblo land, labor, and resources while suppressing their religion and culture. Drought and famine in the 1660s-1670s exacerbated these tensions and drove the Pueblo to turn more to their traditional religious practices. This set the stage for the successful uprising in 1680, in which the Pueblo expelled the Spanish from New Mexico in the first major rebellion against European colonizers in North America.
Spanish colonization in america 1
1) Pedro Menendez de Aviles led Spanish forces that defeated the French in Florida in 1565 and established St. Augustine as the first permanent European settlement.
2) Don Juan de Onate led Spanish forces north of the Rio Grande in 1610 to establish Santa Fe, New Mexico, hoping to find gold and silver but instead finding hot, dry land unsuitable for farming.
3) The Spanish enslaved the indigenous Pueblo people and forced them to adopt Christianity, leading to the 1680 Pueblo Revolt led by Po'pay against Spanish rule.
Ch. 4.2 french indian war
The French and Indian War was fought between British and French forces, along with their respective Native American allies, over control of territory in North America between 1754-1763. The war began as a result of ongoing territorial disputes between Britain and France in the Ohio Valley and grew to become a global conflict known as the Seven Years' War. Through victories like the Battle of Quebec in 1759, the British were ultimately successful in defeating the French and gaining control of most French territories in North America east of the Mississippi River by the 1763 Treaty of Paris, which ended the war.
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THE AMERICAN YAWPMenuSkip to contentHomeAboutBarbara Jordan – On the.docx
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Chapter 3 Creating New Social Orders Colonial Societies, 15
Chapter 3 Creating New Social Orders Colonial Societies, 15
20.1 spanish conquest in the americas (1st period)
20.1 spanish conquest in the americas (1st period)
1 The Pueblo Revolt, 1680 Kevin M. Gannon (2013) Issue
1 The Pueblo Revolt, 1680 Kevin M. Gannon (2013) Issue
1 the pueblo revolt, 1680 kevin m. gannon (2013) issue
1 the pueblo revolt, 1680 kevin m. gannon (2013) issue
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Chapter 27.1 world war ii
World War II began in 1939 when Germany invaded Poland. The US joined the war in 1941 after Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor. Texas contributed greatly to the war effort through training soldiers at military bases, producing goods for the war, and Texans enlisting to fight. Key Allied leaders like Eisenhower and Nimitz led the forces. Germany surrendered in 1945, but the war continued in the Pacific until the US dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, leading Japan to surrender and end World War II.
Chapter 26.1 – transition in peace
After World War I, demobilization led to an economic boom as farms and factories increased production to replace wartime needs. However, it also caused labor unrest as returning soldiers sought jobs and displaced groups like women and African Americans. This period saw the founding of civil rights groups like the NAACP and LULAC to protect minority communities, but also controversies like accusations of impropriety around Governor "Ma" Ferguson's pardons and contracts.
Chapter 25 – texans at home and abroad
The document summarizes Texas' involvement in several early 20th century world events. During the Spanish-American War in 1898, over 10,000 Texans fought including Theodore Roosevelt's Rough Riders regiment. The war increased Texas' role in global affairs. The Mexican Revolution from 1910-1920 caused refugees to flee to Texas and conflicts with local authorities. When the U.S. entered World War I in 1917, around 200,000 Texans served while the state's economy boomed supplying needs for the war.
Chapter 24 – texas in the age of
The document discusses the progressive movement in Texas in the early 1900s, including the temperance movement which led to prohibition, and the suffrage movement which granted women the right to vote in 1919. It also notes that while women, African Americans, and Mexican Americans advocated for reforms, the voting rights of minorities were restricted by poll taxes and Jim Crow laws.
Tx23.1
This document summarizes the birth of the oil industry in Texas. It describes how demand for kerosene rose after its use in lamps was developed, leading to the initial search for oil. The first major strike in Texas was at Spindletop in 1901, where the gusher shot 70,000 barrels of oil per day. This triggered an economic boom but also led to overproduction that drove prices down. While Spindletop's reserves were soon drained, it marked the start of Texas establishing itself as a leader in oil production.
Tx23.3
The oil boom in Texas in the early 1900s led to the rapid growth of boomtowns as thousands of people moved to oil fields and nearby towns in search of work. This caused towns like Beaumont and Sour Lake to become crowded, dirty, and rough very quickly. The development of the automobile, which used gasoline-powered internal combustion engines, helped ensure the success of the growing oil industry. The oil industry also led to new petrochemical industries that produced synthetic rubber, plastics, and carbon black. The Texas legislature began regulating the oil industry to protect groundwater and prevent waste. Revenue from taxes on oil have benefited education in Texas through the Permanent University Fund, which provides funding for the University of Texas
Tx23.2
Wildcatters, or independent explorers, took significant risks searching for new oil fields in Texas in the early 1900s. Some of the earliest and largest oil fields were discovered, including at Sour Lake in 1893 and the East Texas oil field in the 1930s, which became one of the largest oil fields in the world. As more oil fields were found across Texas, the oil industry grew significantly and operators had to develop ways to transport and market oil and natural gas.
Tx history 21.1
Spanish settlers first established cattle ranching in Texas in the 1700s, driving herds of longhorn cattle north from Mexico to supply missions along the Rio Grande and San Antonio Rivers. By the 1800s, Tejano ranchers had established cattle ranching as the primary economic activity in Texas, driving longhorn cattle to markets in New Orleans and other states. However, problems with rustlers and limited access to markets kept the cattle industry in Texas relatively small until after the Civil War, when Union blockades during the war prevented Texas longhorns from being driven out of state, allowing their numbers to grow substantially.
Tx history 21.4
Joseph Glidden, an Illinois farmer, invented barbed wire in the 1870s, making large-scale fencing inexpensive and easy. This led to the closing of the open range as ranchers began fencing off their land, ending the era of free-roaming cattle. However, the introduction of barbed wire also caused conflicts known as range wars between small landowners and ranchers over blocked roads and fences surrounding water sources. State legislatures eventually passed laws against fence cutting and requiring gates to be placed along fences. The closing of the open range transformed cattle ranching and marked the end of an important period in the history of the American West.
Tx history 21.3
The document discusses ranching in South Texas and the Panhandle region. It describes the King Ranch, which was once over 1 million acres and is still larger than Rhode Island today. It also established the towns of Kingsville and Raymondville. In the Panhandle, the removal of Native Americans opened the land for cattle ranching, with the Ogallala Aquifer providing water and windmills later expanding farming. Large ranches were established like the JA Ranch and XIT Ranch, which covered 3 million acres, almost the size of Connecticut, and ran 150,000 cattle. Cowboys faced many dangers and hardships despite the romanticized myths of their lifestyle.
Tx history 21.1
Spanish settlers first established cattle ranching in Texas in the 1700s, driving herds of longhorn cattle north from Mexico to supply missions along the Rio Grande and San Antonio Rivers. By the 1800s, Tejano ranchers had spread cattle ranching across much of central and southeast Texas, driving longhorn cattle to markets in New Orleans and other states. However, problems with rustlers and limited access to markets kept the cattle industry in Texas relatively small until after the Civil War, when Union blockades during the war prevented Texas longhorns from being driven out of state, allowing their numbers to greatly expand across the state.
Tx history-ch-18.3
The document summarizes several key campaigns and battles in Texas and the Southwest during the Civil War. Confederate General Henry Sibley attempted to seize control of the region in 1861 but was forced to retreat from Union forces at Glorieta Pass in New Mexico. Later, Confederate forces recaptured the important port of Galveston from the Union by converting steamboats into armored "cottonclad" gunboats. The Confederates also defended successfully against Union attacks at Sabine Pass and Laredo, Texas. However, the Union did briefly capture Brownsville in 1863 before being driven out. Ultimately, Confederate forces turned back several Union campaigns aimed at invading Texas, including the Red River Campaign in
Tx history-ch-18.2
The Civil War began in April 1861 when Confederate forces attacked Fort Sumter in South Carolina. In response, Lincoln called for 75,000 volunteers to fight for the Union. This caused Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina to secede and join the Confederacy. Thousands of Texans also rushed to join the Confederate forces. By the end of 1861, there were 25,000 Texans fighting for the Confederacy in regiments of about 1,000 soldiers each. Major battles took place in the East around Washington D.C. and Richmond as well as in the West around the Mississippi River Valley, which was a key strategic area. The bloodiest day of the war was the Battle of Antietam in September 1862,
Tx history-ch-18.3
The document summarizes several key campaigns and battles in Texas and the Southwest during the Civil War. Confederate General Henry Sibley attempted to seize control of the region in 1861 but was forced to retreat from Union forces at Glorieta Pass in New Mexico. In 1863, Confederate forces recaptured the important port of Galveston using converted steamboats armed with cotton bales. At the Battle of Sabine Pass, Lieutenant Richard Dowling and a small group of Confederate artillerymen were able to cripple two Union gunboats and capture 300 soldiers. While the Union captured Brownsville, Texas briefly, it was retaken by Confederate forces by the end of 1863.
Guided reading 18.2
This document provides a reading passage and questions about the Civil War and Texas's involvement. It discusses key events like the Battle of Fort Sumter starting the war, leaders like Jefferson Davis and generals Albert Sidney Johnston and Samuel Bell Maxey. Texas militias captured supplies in San Antonio and the war's major battles were east of the Mississippi River. When Vicksburg surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant, the Confederacy was split in two. Post-reading questions ask about Confederate army units organized by B.F. Terry, John Bell Hood, and Lawrence Ross.
Guided reading 18.3
This document provides a reading passage and questions about Texas and the Civil War. It includes a list of 10 people involved in the war and their descriptions, and asks the student to match each person to their role. It also asks the student to explain why the Confederacy wanted to seize the Southwest region after reading the passage. The summary is complete in 3 sentences.
Chapter 31.1 local government
Local governments in Texas include counties, cities, and special districts. Counties are divided into precincts and governed by a commissioners' court made up of elected commissioners. Municipal governments include mayor-council, council-manager, and commission forms. Home-rule charters allow cities over 5,000 people to choose their form of government, while smaller general-law cities operate under state laws. Special districts provide specific services like schools, hospitals, and transportation.
Chapter 30.5 budget and educationl
The document summarizes key aspects of the Texas state budget and public education system. It discusses that the state budget is set through an appropriations bill process involving the Office of Budget and Planning, Legislative Budget Board, and legislature. It also outlines major sources of state revenue and how funds are allocated, including billions spent on education annually in accordance with the Texas Constitution requiring free public education. Administration of public schools is divided between state entities that set policy and local school districts that manage day-to-day operations and property taxes.
Chapter 30.4 texas judical
Texas has a three-tiered court system. At the lowest level are justice of peace, municipal, and county courts that handle misdemeanors and smaller civil cases. District courts handle felonies, major civil suits, and appeals from lower courts. The two highest appellate courts are the Supreme Court and Court of Criminal Appeals, which review cases to ensure legal procedures were followed and determine the constitutionality of laws. Citizens can serve on either grand juries, which decide if there is enough evidence for a felony trial, or petit juries, which decide verdicts in trials.
Chapter 30.4 texas judical
Texas has a three-tiered court system. At the lowest level are justice of the peace courts and municipal courts that handle misdemeanors and smaller civil cases. Above them are county courts, and at the highest level are district courts that handle felonies, divorces, and larger civil cases. Appellate courts review trials to determine if proper procedures were followed and can order new trials or overturn verdicts. The Texas Supreme Court and Court of Criminal Appeals are the highest appellate courts, reviewing all death penalty cases and criminal cases respectively. Grand juries decide if someone should be indicted for a felony, while petit juries decide verdicts in trials.
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