The document outlines the British expansion in India during the Carnatic Wars and the conquest of Bengal, highlighting key events such as the Black Hole tragedy and the Battle of Plassey, which established British control over Bengal. Following the defeat of the Nawab of Bengal, Mir Jafar was installed as the new ruler, leading to significant economic changes and the beginning of a wealth drain. The subsequent Battle of Buxar solidified British dominance, granting them diwani rights over Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa, and establishing a framework for British governance in India.

1. British Expansion
Carnatic Wars
UPSC STATIC NOTES
Conquest of Bengal

2. ● 1698 -British got the zamindari rights of Calcutta.
● A 7-year war between France and England was going on so
they fortified their settlements in India.
● Siraj ud -Daulah told both the English and France to stop
fortification.
● France obeyed but the English ignored it.
● The Bengal ruler captured the British settlements and the
English men took refuge in fulta islands.
Conquest of Bengal

3. Conquest of Bengal
● Calcutta was left to Manick chand. He took a bribe from the British
and gave it back to the British.
● Siraj ud daulah locked the British civilians in a room and they died
due to suffocation, this is famously known as the Blackhole
tragedy.
● Siraj ud daulah, fearing its consequences, signed a treaty with
Clive in 1757 (/Treaty of Alinagar) for a compromise.

4. Battle of Plassey
Causes
1. The British started to fortify their settlements, refusing to
obey the orders of the nawab.
2. The British misused their Trade privileges given by nawab.
3. Clive supported the claim of Ghasti Begum against the
nawab of Bengal.

5. Significance
1. Mir Jafar became the new nawab of Bengal.
2. To appreciate the efforts of Clive he was made the governor of Bengal.
3. The treasury of Bengal came under the control of the British.
4. Bengal became both the plunder state as well as the sponsoring state.
5. After the success, the nawab gave numerous presents to the British. later
it has become a practice to get presents from the nawab.
6. After the battle, the drain of wealth started.
7. Mir Jafar was unable to meet the economic demands of the British.
8. At the same time, Mir Qasim promised the British to satisfy their
economic needs if he was appointed the governor of Bengal

6. Battle of Buxar
Battle of Buxar
1. Mir Qasim + Shah Alam 2 + Awadh ruler Vs British.
2. The British won the battle and signed the Treaty of Allahabad.
3. According to this treaty
a. Awadh
i. The Nawab of Awadh became an ally of the company.
ii. The awadh was compelled to surrender to Shah Alam 2.
iii. Awadh became the buffer state between afghan on one side and
Marathas on another side.

7. Battle of Buxar
B. Mughal
i. The emperor became a pensioner of the company and was
compelled to stay in Allahabad under company protection.
ii. The company got the Diwani rights of Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa.
C. Bengal
i. The company introduced a Dual government in Bengal.
ii. The British received the nizamat function of Bengal from the nawab.
1. This battle manifested the superior military power of British.
2. It laid the foundation for the British empire in India.
3. The private trade of the company was legalized.

8. Continued…..
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