- The timeline provides a summary of New Mexico history from 12,000 BC to 1948 AD, covering periods of native settlement, Spanish colonization beginning in 1598, Mexican rule after 1821, and statehood in 1912. - Key events included the establishment of the capital Santa Fe in 1609, the Pueblo Revolt of 1680 which removed the Spanish for 12 years, and the arrival of the railroad in 1878 which opened the territory to more migration and trade. - The Manhattan Project developed the atomic bomb at Los Alamos during World War 2, with the first detonation in 1945 at the Trinity Site in southern New Mexico.

1. Timeline of New Mexico History What do you know about the history of New Mexico?

2. Before Spanish Colonization

3. 12,000-10,000 B.C. Sandia people leave earliest evidence of human existence in what is now New Mexico.

4. A.D. 700-1300 Anasazi culture culminates the highly developed Chaco Civilization

5. A.D. 1200-1500s Pueblo Indians establish villages along the Rio Grande and its tributaries.

7. 1519 Hernando Cortez lands in what is today Vera Cruz, Mexico and takes over the Aztec Empire.

8. New Mexico under the Spanish Crown

9. Map of Spanish exploration and colonization activities

10. In 1536 Cabeza de Vaca reached Culiacan, Mexico.

13. Francisco Vasquez de Coronado

15. Onate & the New Mexico founding families

18. Statue of Juan de Oñate located a few miles north of Española, New Mexico. In January of 1998, it was damaged by vandals.

22. 1680 - Pueblo Indian Revolt Santa Fe, NM It was the only successful Native American revolt against the Spanish in all of the Americas. The Spanish withdraw from present day New Mexico for twelve years.

24. 1706 Villa de Albuquerque founded.

25. New Mexico as a Part of Mexico

26. 1821 Mexico declares independence from Spain. Mexico is now its own country. Anglos begin to trade with the Mexicans in New Mexico. When Mexico was a part of Spain, Spain did not permit much trade from occurring between its colonies and other countries. Spain did not want other countries and cultural groups to influence its colonies.

27. New Mexico as Part of the United States

28. 1846 Mexican-American War begins. Stephen Watts Kearny annexes New Mexico to the United States.

30. 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ends Mexican-American War.

31. 1850 -New Mexico (which included present-day Arizona, southern Colorado, southern Utah, and southern Nevada) is designated a territory but denied statehood. The struggle for state hood will be long battle for New Mexico.

32. 1863 - New Mexico is partitioned in half & the Territory of Arizona is created.

35. 1881 Billy the Kid shot by Sheriff Pat Garrett in Fort Sumner N.M.

36. 1910 - New Mexico Constitution drafted in preparation for statehood.

38. 1916 - Pancho Villa raids Columbus, N.M. Villa attacked Columbus, NM Columbus, NM after the raid

39. 1920 - Adoption of the l9th Amendment gives women the right to vote. Nina Otero-Warren leads successful lobbying campaign to win New Mexico ratification of 19th Amendment.

40. 1930-1943 - Great Depression Federal New Deal funds provide employment for many and causes numerous public buildings to be constructed. "Walking 30 miles to visit family in Santa Fe"; Chomita, New Mexico (Circa May 1935) A displaced family looking for work in 1935

42. 1945- World's first atomic bomb detonated at Trinity Site in southern New Mexico after its development at Los Alamos.

43. 1948 - Native Americans win the right to vote in state elections only.