Lattice Energy LLC- Technical Discussion-Oct 1 Tesla Motors Model S Battery T...Lewis Larsen
On October 1, 2013, in Kent, WA USA while traveling down a 4-lane state highway during morning rush-hour, a Tesla Model S sedan experienced a battery thermal runaway and ensuing fire with 6-foot high flames that destroyed the front hood area of the vehicle.
To explain why its much-heralded battery safety systems were unable to prevent the occurrence of a potentially dangerous battery thermal runaway and fire that disabled and destroyed key parts of a full-sized vehicle within a span of several minutes, Tesla proposed a theory for the event. It explains the runaway as having been caused by the car’s driver accidentally running over piece of road debris - “large metallic object” - that had been lying on the highway surface. In Tesla’s theory, this hypothetical metal object somehow rotated upwards, slammed into the car’s armored underbody with 25 tons of force, and then pierced a module in the car’s battery pack, which triggered a thermal runaway and fire.
Lattice’s alternative theory for the October 1 model S runaway incident posits that: field-failure internal electrical short (whatever its proximate cause might truly be) occurred in a single 18650 cell that was located somewhere in first front module of vehicle’s battery pack. This field-failure-triggered event caused catastrophic overheating of the affected cell, creating huge local temperature increase within a few seconds that eventually wreaked havoc within the immediate module.
Importantly, propagation of field-failure-induced super-hot runaway conditions into adjacent cells (“thermal fratricide”) within same battery pack module was slowed rather significantly by Tesla’s multi-tier, very sophisticated battery safety system engineering discussed herein. The consequent retardation of thermal propagation between cells by safety features built into the battery pack lengthened the runaway event timeline by > 2 - 3 minutes, which was observed on Oct. 1.
In this incident, Lattice believes that the Model S battery pack encountered something very different from “garden variety” thermal runaways (see Appendix 1 in this presentation for definitions and details) that Tesla’s otherwise brilliant system safety engineering was designed to thwart.
What probably occurred on Oct. 1 was very likely a much rarer, deadlier type of thermal runaway called a ‘field-failure” (again, see Appendix 1). What distinguishes field-failures from ‘ordinary’ thermal runaways are vastly higher peak temperatures in conjunction with electric arc discharges. The best that can be hoped-for under such circumstances is that a battery fails relatively ‘gracefully’ without detonating, as happened on Oct. 1, 2013.
Over the years, there have been numerous gas pipeline incidents which have cause millions of dollars in lost revenue, lives, and property damage. Although some of the responsibility lies with federal or state governments, private and public stakeholders have a responsibility to implement comprehensive health and safety system management and plan emergency response based on capability for readiness and preparedness.
T4S - Technical Standard and Specifications including Safety StandardsAbhishek Padiyar
T4S or Technical Standard and Specifications Including Safety Standards -2008
This presentation through the light on the rules and standard to be followed for the designing, installation, testing and commissioning of City Gas Distribution (CGD) network with Gas supply source as LNG Storage and Re-gasification plant and the distribution network made up by the use of MDPE pipelines, as per the technical and safety guidelines given by PNGRB in T4S 2008.
Importance & requirement of Rupture Disk in Industry. Sizing and selection of Safety Relief valves and Rupture Disks. Selection and types of rupture disks. Sizing calculation of rupture disks, PRVs and determination of required relief load.
Refinery process, Refinery unit, catalyst, CDU, VDU, hydro cracker, residue up gradation unit.It is a part of Refinary Management. Interested people can gather knowledge from this PPT
Lattice Energy LLC- Technical Discussion-Oct 1 Tesla Motors Model S Battery T...Lewis Larsen
On October 1, 2013, in Kent, WA USA while traveling down a 4-lane state highway during morning rush-hour, a Tesla Model S sedan experienced a battery thermal runaway and ensuing fire with 6-foot high flames that destroyed the front hood area of the vehicle.
To explain why its much-heralded battery safety systems were unable to prevent the occurrence of a potentially dangerous battery thermal runaway and fire that disabled and destroyed key parts of a full-sized vehicle within a span of several minutes, Tesla proposed a theory for the event. It explains the runaway as having been caused by the car’s driver accidentally running over piece of road debris - “large metallic object” - that had been lying on the highway surface. In Tesla’s theory, this hypothetical metal object somehow rotated upwards, slammed into the car’s armored underbody with 25 tons of force, and then pierced a module in the car’s battery pack, which triggered a thermal runaway and fire.
Lattice’s alternative theory for the October 1 model S runaway incident posits that: field-failure internal electrical short (whatever its proximate cause might truly be) occurred in a single 18650 cell that was located somewhere in first front module of vehicle’s battery pack. This field-failure-triggered event caused catastrophic overheating of the affected cell, creating huge local temperature increase within a few seconds that eventually wreaked havoc within the immediate module.
Importantly, propagation of field-failure-induced super-hot runaway conditions into adjacent cells (“thermal fratricide”) within same battery pack module was slowed rather significantly by Tesla’s multi-tier, very sophisticated battery safety system engineering discussed herein. The consequent retardation of thermal propagation between cells by safety features built into the battery pack lengthened the runaway event timeline by > 2 - 3 minutes, which was observed on Oct. 1.
In this incident, Lattice believes that the Model S battery pack encountered something very different from “garden variety” thermal runaways (see Appendix 1 in this presentation for definitions and details) that Tesla’s otherwise brilliant system safety engineering was designed to thwart.
What probably occurred on Oct. 1 was very likely a much rarer, deadlier type of thermal runaway called a ‘field-failure” (again, see Appendix 1). What distinguishes field-failures from ‘ordinary’ thermal runaways are vastly higher peak temperatures in conjunction with electric arc discharges. The best that can be hoped-for under such circumstances is that a battery fails relatively ‘gracefully’ without detonating, as happened on Oct. 1, 2013.
Over the years, there have been numerous gas pipeline incidents which have cause millions of dollars in lost revenue, lives, and property damage. Although some of the responsibility lies with federal or state governments, private and public stakeholders have a responsibility to implement comprehensive health and safety system management and plan emergency response based on capability for readiness and preparedness.
T4S - Technical Standard and Specifications including Safety StandardsAbhishek Padiyar
T4S or Technical Standard and Specifications Including Safety Standards -2008
This presentation through the light on the rules and standard to be followed for the designing, installation, testing and commissioning of City Gas Distribution (CGD) network with Gas supply source as LNG Storage and Re-gasification plant and the distribution network made up by the use of MDPE pipelines, as per the technical and safety guidelines given by PNGRB in T4S 2008.
Importance & requirement of Rupture Disk in Industry. Sizing and selection of Safety Relief valves and Rupture Disks. Selection and types of rupture disks. Sizing calculation of rupture disks, PRVs and determination of required relief load.
Refinery process, Refinery unit, catalyst, CDU, VDU, hydro cracker, residue up gradation unit.It is a part of Refinary Management. Interested people can gather knowledge from this PPT
It is my pleasure to present a welcome speech for event of the Annual Sports Day. I believe that everyone present here is doing good and are super excited about today’s Sports day. For good physical fitness and strength, sport is an integral part of life. Sports make our life interesting, teach us to work hard and push our limits to reach a new high. Sports teach discipline, respect, friendship, leadership, resilience, teamwork and overcoming adversity. It is my pleasure to present a welcome speech for event of the Annual Sports Day. I believe that everyone present here is doing good and are super excited about today’s Sports day. For good physical fitness and strength, sport is an integral part of life. Sports make our life interesting, teach us to work hard and push our limits to reach a new high. Sports teach discipline, respect, friendship, leadership, resilience, teamwork and overcoming adversity. It is my pleasure to present a welcome speech for event of the Annual Sports Day. I believe that everyone present here is doing good and are super excited about today’s Sports day. For good physical fitness and strength, sport is an integral part of life. Sports make our life interesting, teach us to work hard and push our limits to reach a new high. Sports teach discipline, respect, friendship, leadership, resilience, teamwork and overcoming adversity. It is my pleasure to present a welcome speech for event of the Annual Sports Day. I believe that everyone present here is doing good and are super excited about today’s Sports day. For good physical fitness and strength, sport is an integral part of life. Sports make our life interesting, teach us to work hard and push our limits to reach a new high. Sports teach discipline, respect, friendship, leadership, resilience, teamwork and overcoming adversity. It is my pleasure to present a welcome speech for event of the Annual Sports Day. I believe that everyone present here is doing good and are super excited about today’s Sports day. For good physical fitness and strength, sport is an integral part of life. Sports make our life interesting, teach us to work hard and push our limits to reach a new high. Sports teach discipline, respect, friendship, leadership, resilience, teamwork and overcoming adversity. It is my pleasure to present a welcome speech for event of the Annual Sports Day. I believe that everyone present here is doing good and are super excited about today’s Sports day. For good physical fitness and strength, sport is an integral part of life. Sports make our life interesting, teach us to work hard and push our limits to reach a new high. Sports teach discipline, respect, friendship, leadership, resilience, teamwork and overcoming adversity. It is my pleasure to present a welcome speech for event of the Annual Sports Day. I believe that everyone present here is doing good and are super excited about today’s Sports day. For good physical fitness and strength, sport is an integral
Energy Efficiency in Diesel Generator Operationeecfncci
Diesel generators are highly consuming equipment in Nepalese industry. This presentation explains how to operate Diesel Gensets efficiently. It was prepared for energy auditor training in Nepal in the context of GIZ/NEEP programme. For further information go to EEC webpage: http://www.eec-fncci.org
PPTs covers portion of Unit 2 of Power Plant Engineering of Subject code ME6701.
PPTs covers Diesel Power Generation Plants, components, working principles of various system, advantages and disadvantagesand Comparision of various factors w.r.to Steam power Palnt, Diesel Plant, Nuclear, Hydraulic Power Plants.
Gas turbines, its cycle, working principles.
Combined Cycle Power plants.
Discussion on Brayton cycle, improvisions factors affecting effiencies.
Automobile air conditioning based on VAC using exhaust heatBhagvat Wadekar
The theoretical analysis, the feasibility of such a system in a positive frame. It can be summarized that: In the exhaust gases of motor vehicles, there is enough heat energy that can be utilized to power an air-conditioning system. Therefore, if air-conditioning is achieved without using the engine’s mechanical output, there will be a net reduction in fuel consumption and emissions. Once a secondary fluid such as water or glycol is used, the aqua-ammonia combination appears to be a good candidate as a working fluid for an absorption car air-conditioning system. This minimizes any potential hazard to the passengers. The low COP value is an indication that improvements to the cycle are necessary. A high purity refrigerant would give a higher refrigeration effect, while the incorporation of a solution heat exchanger would reduce the input heat to the generator. The present system has both a reflux condenser and a heat exchanger. However, the reflux condenser is proved inadequate to provide high purity of the refrigerant and needs to be re-addressed. The evaluation of the COP, with and without the heat exchanger also proves that unless there is a high purity refrigerant, the effect of the heat exchanger to the generator’s heat is small.
Simulation of gas turbine blade for enhancement of efficiency of gas turbine...IJMER
As day by day population of the world is increasing and our resources are frequently reducing
hence to meet this demand of the world of energy we have to move to a device which have a maximum
efficiency for the condition turbo-machinery are better suited machines having a good efficiency, in
which a Gas turbine is best example of turbo- machinery Turbine is the part of gas turbine which provide
the power to compressor to run or provide power to external source from where energy can be extracted
by attaching alternator in the shaft of Gas turbine. As in earlier a lot of work have been done by the
researcher to increase the efficiency and standard of Gas turbine by the method of film cooling, coating,
and curvature of blade to protect the blade from high temperature of 1200 C° inside the Gas turbine to
increase the life of blade without considering about the efficiency of the engine As in this work is to
enhancement of efficiency of Gas turbine. Gas turbine blade is very important component of engine as
they are attached to both turbine or compressor and turbine provide energy to compressor hence the
turbine blade are more important component to enhance the efficiency which will be analyzed on the
basis of blade height area of fluid flow , area of blade thickness and angles . This simulation is based on
the define value of temperature pressure density of fluid and solid used in blade construction will be
meshed in ANSYS and calculation on the basis of FEM and the result from this calculation over the
temperature and fluid flow inside the gas turbine of different number of blade is studied will be compare
to reach high efficiency point. By determent these value output is formulated on graph chart and will be
studied and result obtain
Dr. Shamasundar spoke about the thermal management in transformers, different cooling methods and how simulation through JMAG can help you design an Efficient Transformer.
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with Parameters
TVSA-T fuel assembly for “Temelin” NPP. Main results of design and safety analyses. Trends of development
1. OKBM 1
International conference
“VVER-2010, Experience and Perspectives“
November 01-03, 2010, Prague
TVSA-T fuel assembly for “Temelin” NPP.
Main results of design and safety analyses.
Trends of development
O.B. Samoilov, V.B. Kaidalov, A.A. Falkov, V.A. Bolnov, O.N. Morozkin
JSC “Afrikantov OKBM”, N. Novgorod
V.L. Molchanov, A.V. Ugryumov JSC “TVEL”, Moscow
2. OKBM 22
INTRODUCTION
TVSA is a fuel assembly with rigid skeleton formed by 6 angle
pieces and SG is successfully operated at 17 VVER-1000 power
units of Kalinin NPP, as well as, at the Ukraine and Bulgaria NPPs
Within the contract for fuel supply for “Temelin” NPP, TVSA-T fuel
assembly was developed based on proven solutions confirmed by
operation of TVSA modifications during 4-6 years and by the
results of post-irradiation examination
TVSA-T design is characterized by using of combined spacer grids
(SG+MG) and by fuel column elongation by 150 mm
A set of analyses and experiments was performed to validate
TVSA-T design, including thermohydraulic tests, validation of
critical heat flux correlation for TVSA-T, integrated mechanical,
vibration and lifetime tests
TVSA-T design was successfully licensed in SONS.
Now the TVSA-T core in operation at “Temelin” NPP unit 1.
3. OKBM 33
Operational reliability and safety of fuel in
view of operation conditions as per operator
requirements
Compatibility with reference fuel, in-reactor
structures and “Temelin” NPP equipment
Elimination of fuel rod fretting damage
Bending resistance – sufficient stiffness of
FA design (sags in homogeneous core ≤ 6
mm)
Effective fuel consumption with high burnup
to 72 MW·day/kgU, flexible fuel cycle
Structure dismountability to ensure leaky
fuel rod replacement
TVSA-T DESIGN BASIS
головка
ДР
хвостовик
Fuel rod
cluster
Top nozzle
SG
TVSA-T
Fuel rod
cluster
Bottom nozzle
4. OKBM 44
6 angle pieces
6 combined SG
Lower antivibration assembly
Fuel rods with increased uranium content and fuel
column elongated by 150 mm
Enrichment for U235 – up to 4.95%
Design dismountability and maintainability
Debris filter
Application of mixing grids - heat exchange
intensifiers (MG)
TVSA-T DESIGN DECISIONS
5. OKBM 55
TVSA-T COMBINED GRID
- Decrease of temperature gradient over TVSA cross section and
local steam content
- Increase of DNBR
MG application permits to increase core power and power
peaking factors
The combined two-level SG consists
of cell-type SG and mixing grid TVSA-
ALFA in a single shell
MG is a plate-type grid with flow
deflectors (vanes) without fuel rod
spacing
The combined SGs ensure:
6. OKBM 6
TOP NOZZLE
Top nozzle consists of:
upper shell;
spacer skeleton;
spring assembly;
connecting elements
The top nozzle is fixed to guide
thimbles by collets
Upper shell
Spring assembly
Spacer skeleton
7. OKBM 7
BOTTOM NOZZLE
Casing
Ribs
Locking element
Debris filter
Bottom nozzle consists of:
casing;
support ribs;
locking element.
The nozzle includes debris filter
catching particles above 2 mm
8. OKBM 88
MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF TVSA-T CORE
Maximum core power 3030 MW
Fuel column height 3680 mm
Fuel rod outer diameter / fuel rod pitch 9.1 / 12.75 mm
Maximum relative rating of fuel rod 1.63
Maximum relative rating of FA 1.45
Average linear loading of fuel rod 156.3 W/cm
Maximum linear loading of fuel rod
at the height of 0.5 Нcore / at the height of 0.8
Нcore
448 / 375 W/cm
Fuel rod maximum burnup 72 MW day/kgU
Reference fuel cycle 5х320 EPPD
TVSA-T characteristics ensure operation in the conditions of
flexible fuel cycle with reduced neutron leak and possibility to
change lifetime duration within 230-500 EPPD
TVSA-T reference fuel cycle is five-year cycle with 36 makeup
FAs, duration is 320 EPPD
9. OKBM 99
Mechanical tests of FA components, fragments and mockups to
determine bending and torsion stiffness, load bearing capacity
and stability
Study of seismic stability and loading during LOCA
Vibration tests of 3-span fragment in transverse-longitudinal
coolant flow
Tests for RCCA drop
Life tests of full-scale TVSA-T mockup under actual coolant
parameters
Transport tests of full-scale FA mockup
To validate TVSA-T, the results of TVSA designs and its
modifications test results were also used
MAIN EXPERIMENTS TO VALIDATE THE MECHANICAL DESIGN
10. OKBM 10
THERMOHYDRAULIC TESTS
10
Hydraulic tests of FA fragments and mockups including testing of
two full-scale TVSA-T mockups at OKBM RGS and LKP Skoda test
facilities under actual coolant parameters
Testing of debris filter to determine hydraulic loss and effectiveness
of debris entrapping
Investigations of local flow hydrodynamics using 57-rod TVSA
model
Investigations and optimization of mixing grids
Investigations of thermohydraulic characteristics and CHF on 19-rod
TVSA models at two thermophysical tests facilities in OKBM and
IPPE
Validation of DNB correlation for TVSA-T
11. OKBM 1111
CHF COMPARISON FOR TVSA-T MODELS WITH CALCULATION
USING CORRELATION CRT-1
0 5 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 5 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 5 0 0 3 0 0 0
C H F c a lc u la t e d v a lu e s , k W /m 2
0
5 0 0
1 0 0 0
1 5 0 0
2 0 0 0
2 5 0 0
3 0 0 0
CHFexperimentalvalues,kW/m2
12. OKBM 12
MAIN ACTIVITIES FOR TVSA-T DESIGN
TVSA-T design was validated by OKBM together with RRC
“Kurchatov Institute”, VNIINM and IPPE
Main activities for the design included the following:
- Design methodologies as per Customer requirements
- Development of the neutronic part of the design
- Development of the thermohydraulic part of the design
- Fuel rod and gadolinium fuel rod design development
- FA mechanical design development
- TVSA-T design validation by experiments
- Provision of TVSA-T compatibility with “Temelin” NPP design
- Development of safety analysis report (Chapter 4 and 15 SAR)
The design was validated, and the accidents were analyzed using
the procedures based on VVER safety validation methodology
applied in Russia, Rostekhnadzor regulatory documentation in
view of Czech regulatory documentation requirements fulfillment
The computer codes certified it Rostekhnadzor and licensed in
Czech regulatory body were used for design validation
12
13. OKBM 13
COMPUTER CODES FOR MECHANICS, THERMOHYDRAULICS AND
SAFETY ANALYSES
13
KANAL
FA and core subchannel
thermohydraulic analysis
Thermohydraulic Analysis
Non LOCA (RIA, LOFA)
TIGR
3-D neutron kinetics model
and subchannel TH model
LOCA
RELAP5/MOD3.2
Best estimate integral
thermohydraulic code
RAPTA-5
Fuel rod analysis
in accidents
Safety Analysis in Accidents
Thermomechanical Analysis
ANSYS
FA stress-strained state analysis.
Static and cyclic strength validation
14. OKBM 1414
SAFETY ANALYSIS
Analysis of acceptance criteria sensitivity for main parameters and
substantiation of selection of conservative initial state and normal
operation system actuation scenario
Safety analysis at PRPS operation
Safety analysis when PRPS fails and DPS operates
The analysis of LOCA was performed in co-operation with UJV Rez
15. OKBM 1515
LIST OF CRITERIA (CONDITION I - IV)
Departure from nuclear boiling ratio
Maximum temperature of fuel rod cladding
Equivalent oxidation level of fuel rod cladding
Oxidized zirconium quantity
Maximum temperature of fuel
Maximum average-radial enthalpy of fuel
Number of leaky fuel rods
Pressure in reactor plant circuits
The analysis results confirm that the design criteria are satisfied
during operation of TVSA-T fuel loadings in “Temelin” NPP core
in Condition I - IV
16. OKBM 1616
IMPROVEMENT OF DNBR VALIDATION PROCEDURE
Validation of CHF and heat exchange coefficients correlation as a
part of subchannel code KANAL, used in the design, based on the
results of experiments with TVSA-T models
Revising of engineering coefficients for power peaking factors and
coolant heating factor
Statistical recording of local parameters deviations (∆q, ∆h, ∆corr)
at DNBR calculation based on provision of one-sided confidence
probability of 95%
DNBR calculation for Condition II-IV is similar to Condition I with
application of hot assembly subchannel model in TIGR-1 code
This approach is implemented in TVSA-T design and “Temelin”
safety analysis
17. OKBM 1717
TVSA-T DESIGN DEVELOPMENT LINE
TVSA-T TVSA-T2
2 SG
6 CSG (SG+MG)
8 SG
3 MG
510х6=3060
SGandCSGpitch
255
Reduction in consumption of materials and
fabrication labor input
Improved fuel handling conditions (refueling
rate, SPR duration)
Skeleton bending stiffness enhancement
MG optimized design
18. OKBM 18
Twist - type flow By-row cross flow
MIXING GRID OPTIMIZATION
Optimization developments and studies were performed to improve MG
effectiveness – optimization of dimension, inclination and location of
deflectors. MG was optimized with deflector location as per by-row cross flow
scheme
Optimized MG is characterized by higher mixing efficiency and CHF
increase
Positive experience of twist - type MG of TVSA operated at Kalinin NPP
during two fuel load
19. OKBM 19
RESULTS OF CHF INVESTIGATION OF OPTIMIZED MG
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
M a s s f lo w , k g /s e c
8 0 0
1 2 0 0
1 6 0 0
2 0 0 0
2 4 0 0
2 8 0 0Power,kW
W it h o u t M G
3 M G
3 o p t im iz e d M G
5 o p t im iz e d M G
P=15.7 MPa, Tin=290 °C
Critical power of TVSA models increased by 10-20% due to MG
20. OKBM 20
Intercell exchange increase. Decrease of temperature gradient
over TVSA cross section and local steam quality by ~3%
Increase of CHF and DNBR by ~15 - 30%
Additional mixing grid effects:
- weaker CHF as a function of steam quality increases DNBR in
limiting modes of Condition 2
- less influence of axial profile on CHF (form factor effect)
increases DNBR in actual axial profile
Possibility to increase core power and power peaking factors,
implementation of effective fuel cycles with increased power in fuel
rods
MAIN RESULTS OF MIXING GRID EFFICIENCY STUDY
21. OKBM 21
TVSA-12 Fuel Assembly
12 SG height is 35mm
SG optimized position
Skeleton bending stiffness
enhancement
Operation reliability improvement
Designed to operate in 5х1, 4х1 and
3х1.5 fuel cycles
TVSA advantages application:
reparability
debris filter
thermocontrol tubes
antivibration SG
Fuel rods with increased uranium
content (thinned cladding and
7.8/0mm fuel pellet
High thermal performance due to MG
optimization
22. OKBM 2222
Thermal power, MW 3120
Inlet core temperature, °С 293.8
Pressure, MPa 15.7
Reactor flow rate, m3
/h 82000
Average linear power, W/cm 162.5
Maximum relative power of fuel rods, F∆h 1.63
Maximum linear power ql, W/сm 448
Minimum DNBR 1.47
Thermohydraulic characteristics of TVSA allow the core uprating
to 104% with fuel rod power peaking preservation F∆h=1.63
CORE UPRATING UP TO 3120 MWt
23. OKBM 2323
THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TVSA CORE FOR FUTURE VVER
Based on the analysis results TVSA with MG for future VVER (MIR-1200)
ensures necessary thermal characteristics at core power 3300 MW with
increased allowable fuel rod power of F∆h=1.63
Thermal power, MW 3200 3300
Inlet core temperature, °С 298.2 298.6
Pressure, MPa 16.2 16.2
Reactor flow rate, m3/h 86000 86000
Average linear power, W/cm 168.7 174.0
Maximum relative power of fuel rods, F∆h 1.63 1.63
Maximum relative local power, FQ 2.38 2.31
Maximum linear power ql, W/сm
- at height of 0.5 Hcore
- at height of 0.8 Hcore
448
370
448
380
Minimum DNBR 1.52 1.43
24. OKBM 2424
CONCLUSION
TVSA-T fuel assembly for “Temelin” NPP was validated. TVSA-T
design is based on approved technical decisions and meets the
current requirements for lifetime, operational maneuverability
and safety
The results of post-irradiation examination of TVSA-T operated at
Kalinin NPP unit 1 during 4 years confirm the assembly
operability, skeleton stiffness, TVSA-T geometric stability and
normal fuel rod cladding condition
Characteristics of TVSA with MG make possible core power
increase up to 3300 MW according to future VVER (MIR-1200)
design perspectives, providing allowable fuel rod power
F∆h =1.63 (to implement effective fuel cycles)
Editor's Notes
Иметь информацию по ходу головки, включая запас на радиационный рост, т.к. у Вестингауза он был практически выбран и витки почти сомкнулись.
Привести подробную картинку как снимается головка.