EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON BLENDING OF ETHANOL WITH GASOLINE AND DIESEL TO IMPROVE OVERALL ENGINE PERFORMANCE AND THE EXHAUST GAS ANALYSIS

1. International Conference On Recent Trends
In Engineering And Material Sciences
(ICEMS-2016) March17-19,2016
Jaipur National University, Jaipur, India

2. EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON BLENDING OF
ETHANOL WITH GASOLINE AND DIESEL TO
IMPROVE OVERALL ENGINE PERFORMANCE AND
THE EXHAUST GAS ANALYSIS
TALIV HUSSAIN
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, ALIGARH MUSLIM
UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH.
EMAIL:- talivamu@gmail.com
VARUN GOYAL
STUDENT, DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH.
EMAIL:- varungoyal570@gmail.com
MD.JAMEEL AKHTER
STUDENT, DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH.
ADNAN HAFIZ
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR, DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, ALIGARH MUSLIM
UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH.

3. CONTENTS
• INTRODUCTION
• EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
• TOOLS AND EQUIPMENTS USED
• FORMULAE USED
• OBSERVATION TABLES
• CALCULATIONS
• RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS

4. INTRODUCTION
• The overuse of these fuels in automotive vehicles eliminate
harmful effluents like NOx, SOx, unburnt hydrocarbons, CO and
CO2 etc. that pollute the environment disastrously.
• In this paper ethanol is tested as a fuel alternative to act in
blend with petrol and diesel.
• Different parameters of requirement as brake power, fuel
efficiency, thermal efficiency etc. were observed with different
proportions of ethanol with petrol and diesel.
• Results of the experiment proved ethanol as a good biofuel.
• Exhaust gas analysis and engine performance readings
cumulatively concluded ethanol as an ideal alternative fuel.

5. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
4-STROKE TWIN CYLINDER KIRLOSKAR DIESEL ENGINE MODEL
ENGINE SPECIFICATIONS:-
BORE 87.5mm
STROKE 110.5mm
COMPRESSION
RATIO 17.5:1
B.H.P 10
DIA OF FUEL TANK 34.5mm
DIA OF GLASS TUBE 0.6mm
DIA OF ORFICE 25mm
DIA OF PIPE 40mm

6. 4-STROKE MULTICYLINDER AMBASSADOR PETROL ENGINE
ENGINE SPECIFICATIONS:-
CYLINDERS 4
BORE 73mm
STROKE 89mm
COMPRESSION RATIO 8.3:1
MAXIMUM TORQUE 103Nm@2500rpm
MAXIMUM SPEED 4800 rpm
DIA OF GLASS TUBE 6.35mm
DIA OF FUEL TUBE 25mm
PISTON DISPLACEMENT 1489cm3

7. INSTRUMENTS USED IN ALL EXPERIMENTS
DYNAMOMETER
•The dynamometer used to measure and to control the load and speed, was an EDDY
CURRENT DYNAMOMETER with the following specifications:
•Type : Eddy Current Dynamometer
•Model : ECB 70 Sr. No. (2000)
•Dynamic Constant : 2000
THERMOCOUPLE
•Thermocouple is the most common and widely used device for temperature
measurement.
• It is a transducer based on seebeck effect.
• It is a self generating transducer and is basically pair of dissimilar metallic conductors
joined to produce an EMF when two conductors are kept at different temperatures.
• The magnitude of EMF depends upon the magnitude of the temperature difference
and material combinations.

8. PROBES
•Probes are the devices which are being used to measure the temperature at the
outlet of each cylinder.
•These probes are made up of K-type thermocouple and can measure a temperature
up to 10000 C.
•These probes are fitted with a temperature indicator basically known as 8-point
temperature scanner (countron model 308).
EXHAUST GAS ANALYZER
• Analyzer used in all of our experiments was an AIRSON OM – 1100 – 5 gas analyzer.
• Uses infrared microprocessor based technology to detect various components of
exhaust gases.
• Can detect carbon monoxide(CO), carbon dioxide(CO2), oxygen(O2 ), hydrocarbons
(HC) and NOx coming from exhaust emission of vehicles.
•It uses an internal proprietary optical bench using a NDIR technique for gas analysis.

9. FORMULAE USED
BRAKE POWER,
B.P= WXN X 0.746 W Load (kgf)
2000 N Shaft speed (rpm)
MASS FLOW RATE OF FUEL,
Mf = pXπXhX(df
2+ dg
2) p Density of fuel
4Xt t Time to decrease through “h”
df Diameter of fuel tank
dg Diameter of glass tube
h Height of fuel decreased in glass tube

10. BRAKE THERMAL EFFECIENCY,
Ƞ th = B.P. X 100 B.P. Brake power
m f X C.V. C.V. Calorific value of fuel
m f Mass flow rate of fuel
BRAKE SPECIFIC FUEL CONSUMPTION ,
bsfc = m f X 3600 m f Mass flow rate of fuel
B.P. B.P. Brake power

11. OBSERVATION TABLES
TABLES FOR ANALYSIS OF ENGINE PERFORMANCE WITH GASOLINE (E0)
RPM-1500
Height descended by fuel in glass tube is 3cm.
TABLE FOR EXHAUST GAS ANALYSIS WITH GASOLINE (E0)
LOAD
(kgf)
T(AIR BOX)
(oc)
T(WATER IN)
(oc)
T(WATER O)
(oc)
T(EXH.)
(oc)
Time to desc.
By 3cm(sec)
4 18 24 38 257 23.15
8 20 24 41 285 20.84
12 21 24 44 317 17.74
LOAD
(kgf)
CO
(%)
HC
(PPM)
CO2
(%)
NOX
(PPM)
O2
(%)
4 0.990 640 7.20 0028 22.97
8 0.330 355 6.80 0145 26.06
12 0.255 317 7.20 0091 20.45

12. TABLES FOR ANALYSIS OF ENGINE PERFORMANCE WITH GASOLINE (E10)
RPM-1500
Height descended by fuel in glass tube is 3cm.
TABLE FOR EXHAUST GAS ANALYSIS WITH GASOLINE (E10)
LOAD
(kgf)
T(AIR BOX)
(oc)
T(WATER IN)
(oc)
T(WATER O)
(oc)
T(EXH.)
(oc)
Time to desc.
By 3cm(sec)
4 23 24 39 210 24.14
8 23 24 40 235 21.29
12 24 24 42 283 18.15
LOAD
(kgf)
CO
(%)
HC
(PPM)
CO2
(%)
NOX
(PPM)
O2
(%)
4 0.990 553 7.00 0004 19.47
8 0.311 311 6.70 0050 19.70
12 0.213 268 7.10 0042 19.95

13. TABLES FOR ANALYSIS OF ENGINE PERFORMANCE WITH GASOLINE (E20)
RPM-1500
Height descended by fuel in glass tube is 3cm.
TABLE FOR EXHAUST GAS ANALYSIS WITH GASOLINE (E20)
LOAD
(kgf)
T(AIR BOX)
(oc)
T(WATER IN)
(oc)
T(WATER O)
(oc)
T(EXH.)
(oc)
Time to desc.
By 3cm(sec)
4 24 24 40 180 23.67
8 25 24 42 237 20.78
12 25 24 44 270 18.34
LOAD
(kgf)
CO
(%)
HC
(PPM)
CO2
(%)
NOX
(PPM)
O2
(%)
4 0.900 412 5.90 0000 20.63
8 0.266 244 6.60 0038 21.49
12 0.208 208 4.08 0023 21.97

14. TABLES FOR ANALYSIS OF ENGINE PERFORMANCE WITH DIESEL (E0)
RPM-1500
Height descended by fuel in glass tube is 3cm.
TABLE FOR EXHAUST GAS ANALYSIS WITH DIESEL (E0)
LOAD
(kgf)
T(AIR BOX)
(oc)
T(WATER IN)
(oc)
T(WATER O)
(oc)
T(EXH.)
(oc)
Time to desc.
By 3cm(sec)
3 24 27 45 145 74.0
6 25 27 54 192 59.6
9 25 27 60 237 49.5
LOAD
(kgf)
CO
(%)
HC
(PPM)
CO2
(%)
NOX
(PPM)
O2
(%)
3 0.345 191 4.10 0034 20.25
6 0.338 172 5.40 0111 20.40
9 0.275 154 6.90 0120 20.55

15. TABLES FOR ANALYSIS OF ENGINE PERFORMANCE WITH DIESEL (E10)
RPM-1500
Height descended by fuel in glass tube is 3cm.
TABLE FOR EXHAUST GAS ANALYSIS WITH DIESEL (E10)
LOAD
(kgf)
T(AIR BOX)
(oc)
T(WATER IN)
(oc)
T(WATER O)
(oc)
T(EXH.)
(oc)
Time to desc.
By 3cm(sec)
3 25 27 45 137 74.0
6 25 27 50 162 60.0
9 26 27 56 208 51.3
LOAD
(kgf)
CO
(%)
HC
(PPM)
CO2
(%)
NOX
(PPM)
O2
(%)
3 0.321 150 2.00 0010 20.97
6 0.318 145 3.00 0010 21.13
9 0.230 146 4.20 0023 21.53

16. TABLES FOR ANALYSIS OF ENGINE PERFORMANCE WITH DIESEL (E20)
RPM-1500
Height descended by fuel in glass tube is 3cm.
TABLE FOR EXHAUST GAS ANALYSIS WITH DIESEL (E20)
LOAD
(kgf)
T(AIR BOX)
(oc)
T(WATER IN)
(oc)
T(WATER O)
(oc)
T(EXH.)
(oc)
Time to desc.
By 3cm(sec)
3 26 27 53 143 76.0
6 26 27 57 170 64.0
9 27 27 64 218 50.8
LOAD
(kgf)
CO
(%)
HC
(PPM)
CO2
(%)
NOX
(PPM)
O2
(%)
3 0.295 138 2.00 000 21.28
6 0.282 126 2.90 000 20.92
9 0.170 116 3.30 056 21.02

17. CALCULATIONS
TABLE FOR PARAMETERS OF ENGINE PERFORMANCE WITH GASOLINE(E0)
TABLE FOR PARAMETERS OF ENGINE PERFORMANCE WITH GASOLINE(E10)
LOAD
(kgf)
B.P.
(kW)
mf
(kg/s)
BSFC
(kg/kwh)
ƞth
(%)
4 2.238 5.15 X 10-4 0.828 9.48%
8 4.476 5.72 X 10-4 0.460 17.08%
12 6.714 6.72 X 10-4 0.360 21.81%
LOAD
(kgf)
B.P.
(kW)
mf
(kg/s)
BSFC
(kg/kwh)
ƞth
(%)
4 2.238 4.95 X 10-4 0.796 10.26%
8 4.476 5.62 X 10-4 0.452 18.08%
12 6.714 6.60 X 10-4 0.353 23.10%

18. TABLE FOR PARAMETERS OF ENGINE PERFORMANCE WITH GASOLINE(E20)
TABLE FOR PARAMETERS OF ENGINE PERFORMANCE WITH DIESEL (E0)
LOAD
(kgf)
B.P.
(kW)
mf
(kg/s)
BSFC
(kg/kwh)
ƞth
(%)
4 2.238 5.08 X 10-4 0.816 10.38%
8 4.476 5.78 X 10-4 0.465 18.24%
12 6.714 6.55 X 10-4 0.351 24.15%
LOAD
(kgf)
B.P.
(kW)
mf
(kg/s)
BSFC
(kg/kwh)
ƞth
(%)
3 1.678 1.77 X 10-4 0.379 20.84%
6 3.357 2.19 X 10-4 0.235 33.68%
9 5.035 2.64 X 10-4 0.188 41.92%

19. TABLE FOR PARAMETERS OF ENGINE PERFORMANCE WITH DIESEL (E10)
TABLE FOR PARAMETERS OF ENGINE PERFORMANCE WITH DIESEL (E20)
LOAD
(kgf)
B.P.
(kW)
mf
(kg/s)
BSFC
(kg/kwh)
ƞth
(%)
3 1.678 1.76 X 10-4 0.377 21.67%
6 3.357 2.17 X 10-4 0.233 35.16%
9 5.035 2.54 X 10-4 0.182 45.05%
LOAD
(kgf)
B.P.
(kW)
mf
(kg/s)
BSFC
(kg/kwh)
ƞth
(%)
3 1.678 1.70 X 10-4 0.365 23.24%
6 3.357 2.02 X 10-4 0.216 39.11%
9 5.035 2.55 X 10-4 0.182 46.48%

20. RESULTS FOR ENGINE PERFORMANCE
BRAKE THERMAL EFFECIENCY(AVG.) BRAKE SPECIFIC FUEL CONSUMPTION(AVG.)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
GASOLINE DIESEL
E0
E10
E20
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
GASOLINE DIESEL
E0
E10
E20

21. RESULTS OF EXHAUST GAS ANALYSIS
CO%(AVG.) HCppm(AVG.)
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
GASOLINE DIESEL
E0
E10
E20
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
GASOLINE DIESEL
E0
E10
E20

22. CO2 %(AVG.) NOX ppm(AVG.) O2 %(AVG.)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
E0
E10
E20
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
E0
E10
E20
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
E0
E10
E20