Bridging the Silos: Creating Sustainable Research Infrastructure with Implications for Digital Scholarship - presentation given at the Educause Mid-Atlantic Regional Conference Jan 2010, Baltimore MD. Referenced by inside higher ed here:
http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2010/01/18/silos
Christine Ennew, pro vice-chancellor for internationalisation and Europe, University of Nottingham discusses internationalisation among world-class universities.
Enhancing Scholarship in college Higher EducationSEDA
Association of Colleges. 2018. College Key Facts. [online] Available at: Association of Colleges. 2018. College Key Facts, 2017/18. [online] Available at: https://www.aoc.co.uk/sites/default/files/Key%20Facts%202017-18_1.pdf
Boyer, E. 1990. Scholarship Reconsidered: Priorities of the Professoriate. New York: The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching
Lawrence, J. and Hall, G. In Press. Understanding the provision and perceived value of the academic and professional development practices of HE teachers in College Higher Education (CHE) in Research in Post Compulsory Education
QAA. 2013. Guidance on scholarship and the pedagogical effectiveness of staff: Expectations for Foundation Degree-awarding powers and for taught degree-awarding powers. [online] Available at: https://www.qaa.ac.uk/docs/qaa/guidance/guidance-on-scholarship-and-pedagogical-effectiveness-jan-13.pdf?sfvrsn=e554f781_6
UCU. 2013. Scholarly activity in HE in FE – towards a better practice model. London: UCU
Bridging the Silos: Creating Sustainable Research Infrastructure with Implications for Digital Scholarship - presentation given at the Educause Mid-Atlantic Regional Conference Jan 2010, Baltimore MD. Referenced by inside higher ed here:
http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2010/01/18/silos
Christine Ennew, pro vice-chancellor for internationalisation and Europe, University of Nottingham discusses internationalisation among world-class universities.
Enhancing Scholarship in college Higher EducationSEDA
Association of Colleges. 2018. College Key Facts. [online] Available at: Association of Colleges. 2018. College Key Facts, 2017/18. [online] Available at: https://www.aoc.co.uk/sites/default/files/Key%20Facts%202017-18_1.pdf
Boyer, E. 1990. Scholarship Reconsidered: Priorities of the Professoriate. New York: The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching
Lawrence, J. and Hall, G. In Press. Understanding the provision and perceived value of the academic and professional development practices of HE teachers in College Higher Education (CHE) in Research in Post Compulsory Education
QAA. 2013. Guidance on scholarship and the pedagogical effectiveness of staff: Expectations for Foundation Degree-awarding powers and for taught degree-awarding powers. [online] Available at: https://www.qaa.ac.uk/docs/qaa/guidance/guidance-on-scholarship-and-pedagogical-effectiveness-jan-13.pdf?sfvrsn=e554f781_6
UCU. 2013. Scholarly activity in HE in FE – towards a better practice model. London: UCU
Are you looking for an overview of Erasmus+ opportunities and the 2018 Call? This presentation was first delivered during our autumn information session events. For more information visit our website: https://www.erasmusplus.org.uk/apply-for-funding
Erasmus+ Key Action 1 is all about mobility. Take a look at our presentation for more information about applying for Key Action 1 funding in 2018. This presentation was first delivered during our autumn information session events and was updated 18 December 2017. For more information visit our website: https://www.erasmusplus.org.uk/apply-for-funding
Erasmus+ Key Action 2&3 is all about improving practice and policy. Take a look at our presentation for more information about applying for Key Action 1 funding in 2018. This presentation was first delivered during our autumn information session events and was updated 18 December 2017. For more information visit our website: https://www.erasmusplus.org.uk/apply-for-funding
Erasmus+ Key Action 1 is all about mobility. Take a look at our presentation for more information about applying for Key Action 1 funding in 2019. This presentation was first delivered during our autumn Information Sessions. For more information visit our website: https://www.erasmusplus.org.uk/apply-for-funding
What is Erasmus+? How can I apply for Erasmus+ funding? If you are looking for answers to these questions take a look at our presentation especially for newcomers to the programme. This presentation was first delivered during our autumn information session events and was updated 4 December 2017. For more information visit our website: https://www.erasmusplus.org.uk/new-to-erasmus-0
Are you looking for an overview of Erasmus+ opportunities and the 2018 Call? This presentation was first delivered during our autumn information session events. For more information visit our website: https://www.erasmusplus.org.uk/apply-for-funding
Erasmus+ Key Action 1 is all about mobility. Take a look at our presentation for more information about applying for Key Action 1 funding in 2018. This presentation was first delivered during our autumn information session events and was updated 18 December 2017. For more information visit our website: https://www.erasmusplus.org.uk/apply-for-funding
Erasmus+ Key Action 2&3 is all about improving practice and policy. Take a look at our presentation for more information about applying for Key Action 1 funding in 2018. This presentation was first delivered during our autumn information session events and was updated 18 December 2017. For more information visit our website: https://www.erasmusplus.org.uk/apply-for-funding
Erasmus+ Key Action 1 is all about mobility. Take a look at our presentation for more information about applying for Key Action 1 funding in 2019. This presentation was first delivered during our autumn Information Sessions. For more information visit our website: https://www.erasmusplus.org.uk/apply-for-funding
What is Erasmus+? How can I apply for Erasmus+ funding? If you are looking for answers to these questions take a look at our presentation especially for newcomers to the programme. This presentation was first delivered during our autumn information session events and was updated 4 December 2017. For more information visit our website: https://www.erasmusplus.org.uk/new-to-erasmus-0
MAT 300 StatisticsWeek 10 DiscussionWeek 10 Discussion .docxalfredacavx97
MAT 300: Statistics
Week 10 Discussion
Week 10 Discussion
Part 1: Employees from Company A and Company B both receive annual bonuses. What information would you need to test the claim that the difference in annual bonuses is greater than $100 at the 0.05 level of significance? Write out the hypothesis and explain the testing procedure.
Bottom of Form
Part 2/Student Response:
Pamela Poteat
RE: Week 10 Discussion
Top of Form
Hi Professor & Class,
I use the Hypothesis test for difference in population means: Z test
The Null Hypothesis μ1 - μ2< 0
The Alternative Hypothesis μ1 - μ2 > 0
The type of test Z
The critical value at 0.05 one tail test is 1.645
Bottom of Form
PUBLISHED
Answer both questions fully and separately
1. What difficulties do you anticipate during the process of implementing your Individual Development Plan? How do you use appropriate coaching or mentoring techniques to meet the end goals? Explain.
2. Discuss the importance of having scheduled "check-ins" or "check points" to monitor and assess your mentee's progress. Why is consistent follow-up critical to your mentee's success?
SOC 300: Sociology of Developing Countries
Week 10 Discussion
"Act Local." Please respond to the following:
Based on the lecture and Webtext materials, address the following:
Select one (1) developing country, and discuss the fundamental actions that the leadership of the selected country is — or is not — taking to improve the living standards of its people. Next, using this same country, cite one (1) specific example of progress or regress that its government is making in terms of the economy, the political system, and the environment.
Please respond to at least one (1) post from your peers.
Part 2/Student Response:
RE: Week 10 Discussion
Hello Professor and Classmates,
The developing country I selected is Kenya. This country is improving the health of the people using homeopathy and complementary medicine. Kenya is assisting street children with education and providing them with homes. In order to assist orphans, vulnerable children, poor parents and communities to maximize their God given potential through the provision of quality education, healthcare, and employment. For example, Kenya is making progress through rehabilitating disadvantaged youth through technical training. Last, but not least, Kenya is taking action against hunger and situations which cause famine, through nutrition, water, and sanitation, health, and food security programs.
Regards,
Vrenda
Bottom of Form
Bottom of Form
CRJ 310: Law Enforcement Operations and Management
· Week 10 Assignment 4 Submission
Students, please view the "Submit a Clickable Rubric Assignment" in the Student Center.
Instructors, training on how to grade is within the Instructor Center.
Assignment 4: Special Problems and Challenges and the Future of Policing In America
Due Week 10 and worth 200 points
Modern law enforcement operations and strategies are driven by best practices in t.
Presentation held by Working Group 2 at the Governance & Institutions Across Scales in Climate Resilient Food Systems Brussels Workshop 9-11 Sept 2014 for the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) Flagship 4.
The Implementation of Decentralization Policy in the Education Sector by Muni...ijtsrd
The examination of the relationship between efficient management of nursery and Primary schools and decentralization in relation to the implementation of decentralization policies in Cameroon by councils is what this study intended to ascertain. The study employed purposive sampling technique, to select the 50 head teacher respondents and 3municipal Mayors. Data which was collected by the use of a questionnaire and interviews as instruments of data collection were subjected to descriptive and inferential statistical analysis using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences SPSS . The resultant findings did indicate that, there is a significant relationship between the council’s implementation of decentralization policies specifically the building, equipping and maintenance of classrooms by councils and the efficient management of nursery and primary schools, albeit being that the relationship that exists was rated weak. A resulting recommendation made was that the central level relinquishes sufficient resources for local councils, ensuring accountability and transparency in operations and instituting follow up mechanisms through supervision to ensure that local council authorities are effectively implementing the decentralization process as expected. Julie Ngoh Tambe "The Implementation of Decentralization Policy in the Education Sector by Municipal Councils and the Management of Nursery and Primary Schools: The Case of Government Nursery and Primary Schools" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33339.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/33339/the-implementation-of-decentralization-policy-in-the-education-sector-by-municipal-councils-and-the-management-of-nursery-and-primary-schools-the-case-of-government-nursery-and-primary-schools/julie-ngoh-tambe
Running head TRANSFER STUDENT ENROLLMENT POLICYTRAN.docxtoltonkendal
Running head: TRANSFER STUDENT ENROLLMENT POLICY
TRANSFER STUDENT ENROLLMENT POLICY
4
Transfer student enrollment policy
Tangela Jones
Walden University
Transfer students represent a significant opportunity for both institutions and students. Apparently, Apex State University is encountering a serious fall in student registration which on the other hand has an impact on total tuition income. Therefore as the director in charge of enrollment management, I will present a paper detailing transfer policies and procedures. The essence is to break down to the president how the process is operated, whom the stakeholders are, their departments and positions, the chain of command in terms of whom they answer to and what kind of resistance can be expected.
First and foremost, college and university administrators are bound to develop a more coherent as well as an integrated view of the environment they inhabit in order to be more effective as they work in them (Birnbaum, 1988). Focusing on the policies and procedures in transfer student enrollment, an individual must apply for admission to the university. In summary, the application process requires one to submit to the admissions office such credentials as a completed application for the undergraduate transfer admission, a non-refundable application processing fee and also to mention an official transcript submitted to all institutions attended showing all work completed to date. How these policies and procedures are not exclusive in the sense that additional credentials may be requested subject to area of study.
It is no doubt that transfers students represent a significant opportunity for both institutions and students. State Ape University has five major stakeholders groups who play different roles to ultimately complete the institution vision and mission. Administrators are responsible for the maintenance as well as supervision of the university. Academic staffs are also critical in matters of academics. They include professors of different ranks, lecturers and also to mention researchers. Their role in the transfer enrollment process is to support systems for retaining transfer students and more importantly help transfer students persist to graduation (Tierney, 2008). Resistance can be encountered in different scenarios especially when stakeholders don’t share interests.
Reference
Birnbaum, R. (1988). How colleges work: The cybernetics of academic organization and leadership. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Tierney, W. G. (2008). The impact of culture on organizational decision making: Theory and practice in higher education. Sterling, VA: Stylus.
...
4 Indiana University Kelley School of Business, Indiana Busi.docxgilbertkpeters11344
4 Indiana University Kelley School of Business, Indiana Business Research Center
The Triple Bottom Line: What Is It and
How Does It Work?
tiMothy F. Slaper, Ph.D.: Director of Economic Analysis, Indiana Business Research Center, Indiana University Kelley School of
Business
tanya J. hall: Economic Research Analyst, Indiana Business Research Center, Indiana University Kelley School of Business
S
ustainability has been an
often mentioned goal of
businesses, nonprofits and
governments in the past decade, yet
measuring the degree to which an
organization is being sustainable or
pursuing sustainable growth can be
difficult.
John Elkington strove to measure
sustainability during the mid-1990s
by encompassing a new framework
to measure performance in
corporate America.1 This accounting
framework, called the triple
bottom line (TBL), went beyond the
traditional measures of profits, return
on investment, and shareholder
value to include environmental and
social dimensions. By focusing on
comprehensive investment results—
that is, with respect to performance
along the interrelated dimensions
of profits, people and the planet—
triple bottom line reporting can
be an important tool to support
sustainability goals.
Interest in triple bottom line
accounting has been growing across
for-profit, nonprofit and government
sectors. Many businesses and
nonprofit organizations have adopted
the TBL sustainability framework to
evaluate their performance, and a
similar approach has gained currency
with governments at the federal, state
and local levels.
This article reviews the TBL
concept, explains how it can be useful
for businesses, policy-makers and
economic development practitioners
and highlights some current
examples of putting the TBL into
practice.
The Triple Bottom Line Defined
The TBL is an accounting framework
that incorporates three dimensions of
performance: social, environmental
and financial. This differs from
traditional reporting frameworks
as it includes ecological (or
environmental) and social measures
that can be difficult to assign
appropriate means of measurement.
The TBL dimensions are also
commonly called the three Ps: people,
planet and profits. We will refer to
these as the 3Ps.
Well before Elkington introduced
the sustainability concept as “triple
bottom line,” environmentalists
wrestled with measures of, and
frameworks for, sustainability.
Academic disciplines organized
around sustainability have multiplied
over the last 30 years. People inside
and outside academia who have
studied and practiced sustainability
would agree with the general
definition of Andrew Savitz for
TBL. The TBL “captures the essence
of sustainability by measuring the
impact of an organization’s activities
on the world ... including both
its profitability and shareholder
values and its social, human and
environmental capital.”2
The trick isn’t defining TBL. The
trick is measuring it.
.
Nonprofit Financial Information OnlineIn the United States, the .docxhenrymartin15260
Nonprofit Financial Information Online
In the United States, the IRS requires that all 501c3 organizations file a tax return of sorts. The form nonprofit organizations are required to fill out is called a 990, and as public organizations, these forms are available to the public. Since 1999, organizations that file 990s have been required to provide copies to anyone who requests. Unfortunately, some nonprofits weren’t aware of this, and when asked, they sometimes refused to disclose what they perceived to be private information (although it is NOT).
To ensure that the information is available, the IRS makes information from 990s available through two outlets.
· Guidestar: www.guidestar.org
· National Center for Charitable Statistics: http://nccsdataweb.urban.org/FAQ/index.php?category=31
Guidestar is the place to look if you want a scanned copy of the complete tax return for a single organization. NCCS is a national repository for compiled data on the nonprofit sector in the U.S., but the datasets do not include all of the information from the 990s. While Guidestar makes scanned copies of individual tax returns available, NCCS makes the data from 990s available in a database format. In other words, if I were interested in contributing money to the World Wildlife Fund and wanted to look at their financial information, I’d probably go to Guidestar. However, if I wanted to conduct an analysis of all nonprofit environmental organizations, I’d go to NCCS.
While Guidestar and NCSS are great sources for data, they do not help in evaluating the financial status of an organization. A good online source of evaluating nonprofit organizations is CharityNavigator.org. What makes charity navigator particularly interesting is its use of financial ratios and rating system. The financial ratios for each of these factors is calculated from financial data on each organization’s 990.
Individual Paper 3: Financial Analysis
One technique used to assess an organization’s financial management is ratio analysis, which focuses on mathematical comparisons between or among accounts on a set of financial statements. While an organization’s size must still be taken into account, financial ratios allow a rough comparison of both large and small organizations. For example, looking at the expenses for Marist and Harvard isn’t particularly useful. However, looking at the ratio of program expenses to total expenses allows us to determine how much of each organization’s budget is used for administrative expenses versus mission critical programs. Ratios also represent benchmarks that organizations can use internally to analyze themselves over multiple years. Fortunately for us, IRS form 990 represents a quick-and-dirty set of financial statements for nonprofit organizations in the U.S.
There are many types of financial ratios for evaluating nonprofit organizations. For this assignment we will examine four types:
Efficiency: Efficiency ra.
Free Education in the Philippines: The Continuing SagaIJAEMSJORNAL
One of the most notable milestones in the Philippine education is when the government actively seeks to expand access and participation in higher education through the ratification of RA 10931 or the “Universal Access to Quality Tertiary Education Act”. Thus, this study aims to examine and assess the effects of the law in our educational system. Providing sufficient funds is not enough; the government must give meaning to the title of the new law, which is the provision of “quality” tertiary education. This program is an investment in the nation’s most precious resource. Quality education empowers people and levels the playing field; it is one of the best tools for poverty alleviation, social equity and inclusive growth. There should be no compromise on the quality of the services provided under RA 10931. Free must not mean substandard. In this study, the researcher used qualitative research method. Qualitative research method was developed in the social sciences to enable researchers to study social and cultural phenomena: observe feelings, thoughts, behaviors and the belief of the mass society.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Azure Interview Questions and Answers PDF By ScholarHat
Turnitin in Economics
1. Turnitin.com in the Economics Department
• Turnitin first used by QED in 2004/05 following experience of a Teaching Fellow in winter
term 2004.
• Brief search revealed that McGill and U of T were using Turnitin institution wide.
• QED used Turnitin independently 2004/05 - 2010/11.
o Cost paid out of department budget: (approx.) $600 department fee + $1.75 /
student (for 750 - 1,000 student papers).
• Summer 2011 department chair refused to pay increasing cost (approximately $3/student).
• I tried to organize individual departments to sign on to QED license and share fixed
department fee: School of Religion, POLS, PYSC, GPHY. When final cost became clear, only
ECON was prepared to pay. We moved to a free service for 2011/12: Viper.com
• Viper.com was inadequate.
2. • Jim Lee played a key role in passing responsibility on to ITS (Jim Lesslie).
• In 2012/13 ITS offered to cover institution fee if departments willing to cover per student fee.
ECON has signed on to ITS program for past three years.
o 15 courses (range in size from 140 - 15 students)
o 750 - 1,000 students
o instructors given the opportunity to sign on at beginning of academic year
o In every year of use Turnitin.com reports have initiated at least 1 AI investigation
(average 2-3 investigations).
• Students informed of use of Turnitin.com on UG web page, course web pages, course syllabi,
and instructors use lecture time to inform students of role of Turnitin. Students more aware
of AI issues.
• Formalizes search for plaigarism. Search patterns and evidence less subjective. Centralizes AI
enforcement in UG Studies office: consistency, time saving, centralized information.
• Although we do not advertize the fact, students can (and do) "opt out" - search handled
manually.
3. • Instructors like Turnitin (and the centralization of much of the AI enforcement work into UG
Studies office).
• Students like Turnitin (or at least they don't complain) because enforcement and evidence
less subjective.
• Big negatives are the administrative effort in the UG Studies office and $$$.
4. Turnitin Originality Report
file:///C|/My.Documents/Lecture.Files/Econ232/Academic%20Integrity/Turnitin_Originality_Report_94294489.html[06/10/2014 9:47:42 AM]
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Turnitin Originality Report
Term Paper by
From Term Paper (Econ232-2009)
Processed on 04-23-09 9:53 AM PDT ID: Word Count: 3613
Overall Similarity Index: 86%
sources:
82% match (student papers from 04/03/06)
Class: econ232
Assignment:
Paper ID:
2% match (Internet from 06/11/03)
(6-11-03) http://www.dse.de/ef/instn/sokoloff.htm
1% match (Internet from 04/15/09)
(4-15-09) http://www.usafreedomforum.com/printer_friendly_posts.asp?TID=308
< 1% match (Internet from 03/26/09)
(3-26-09) http://faculty.london.edu/dgromb/papers/Tirole(EMA2001).pdf
< 1% match (Internet from 12/16/07)
(12-16-07) http://www.dev-
zone.org/knowledge/Economy/Development_Economics/more2.php
< 1% match (Internet from 10/15/08)
(10-15-08) http://www.hbs.edu/research/pdf/07-007.pdf
< 1% match (internet)
http://ncpa.org/pi/internat/pd090701e.html
< 1% match (student papers from 04/03/06)
Class: econ232
Assignment:
Paper ID:
paper text:
LEGAL INSTITUTIONS AND THEIR AFFECT ON THE
ECONOMIC GROWTH OF THE UNITED STATES AND
FRANCE IN THE 19TH CENTURY.
5. Turnitin Originality Report
file:///C|/My.Documents/Lecture.Files/Econ232/Academic%20Integrity/Turnitin_Originality_Report_94294489.html[06/10/2014 9:47:42 AM]
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Ian Keay ECON 232 By March 24,
2009 The nineteenth century saw the evolution of mankind from a simple farmer to a technologically
advanced civilization. It was driven by a thirst to achieve economic prosperity and grow the human
intellect to form a viable foundation for the future development of the race. During this century long
process, there were certain countries that were able to make this transition while others could not
make this marked leap. There has long since been extensive debate as to what triggered and
catalyzed this growth in certain countries while rendering others unable to take advantage of the
progress in the period. Historians have focused on a wide array of characteristics like geographic
attributes, factor endowments, institutions and human capital. Lately however, there has been an
increased focus on institutions and how they
account for differences in economic performance across
nations. This concept has been applied broadly,
encompassing the political and legal framework that
provides the basic formal rules and laws within which
individuals and firms operate.
Many specific contrasts in institutions have been proposed to be potentially significant, including the
degree of democracy, the extent of rent seeking, security in property rights, and the inclination to be
entrepreneurial. 1 Thus institutions which may have been neglected, if not ignored, by the historical
community for a long time, economists have now come to take it for granted that institutions play a
significant role in the
economic growth and must be part of any explanation
of
convergence. Of all the facets of the institutional framework of a nation, the legal infrastructure
provides the critical backbone which is required upon which all other functions and transactions are
built. And thus this paper delves into how economic growth can be and is brought about the
workings of the field of law. 1
Kenneth L. Sokoloff. Institutions, Factor Endowments,
and Paths of Development in the New World.
(http://www.inwent.org/ef-texte/instn/sokoloff.htm)
The fields of economics and law share a natural relationship in their workings.
On the one hand, the theoretical and empirical methods
of economics have been used to solve a variety of
problems and issues concerning the law, not only historically
but also in the contemporary society. And on the other hand,
proper law bodies are required for the economic well being