This document discusses the economic impacts of tourism. It covers positive impacts like income, employment, and tax revenue generation. It also discusses negative impacts like cost inflation. The magnitude of economic impacts depends on factors like expenditure volume, development level, and how much spending recirculates locally. Tourism can benefit balances of payments. There are direct, indirect, and induced economic effects. Input-output analysis and tourism satellite accounts are used to measure these impacts. Employment impacts are also measured in various ways.
This document provides an overview of ecotourism, including its definition, relationship to mainstream tourism, philosophical basis in ecology and human ecology, and potential problems and benefits. Ecotourism is defined as environmentally responsible travel that promotes conservation and involves local communities. It is considered a form of sustainable tourism that is nature-based and focuses on experiencing natural areas while having low environmental impact. Ecotourism distinguishes itself from mainstream tourism by additionally emphasizing environmental and cultural sustainability as well as local community involvement.
The document discusses the key components and considerations of ecotourism. It defines ecotourism as having three main components: natural-based activities, education of visitors, and sustainable management. The natural-based component involves nature-focused activities and experiences. The education component aims to increase visitors' understanding and appreciation of the natural environment. The sustainable management component emphasizes environmental, social, cultural, and economic sustainability. The document also examines factors like the local community's involvement, potential impacts, and how revenue can support conservation efforts.
The document discusses ecotourism and defines it as "purposeful travel to natural areas to understand culture and nature while protecting ecosystems and benefiting local communities." It notes that ecotourism aims to conserve resources, respect local people and culture, and ensure economic and social benefits. The South African definition emphasizes benefiting local communities near protected areas through promoting appropriate development and social justice.
Ecotourism involves environmentally responsible travel to natural areas that promotes conservation and benefits local communities. It contains educational and interpretive features for small groups to minimize negative impacts. Achieving balance between conservation and development requires managing development density and local participation. The Jiuzhaigou Biosphere Reserve in China benefits from ecotourism by involving local communities and reducing farming/hunting to focus on the ecotourism business. Community-based ecotourism empowers local communities by involving them in conservation and giving them control over development. Ecotourism can fund environmental protection and education/development of local populations through tourism dollars.
About special interest tourism, examples of agritourism, the development of agritourism, who are agritourists, and issues in agritourism. This was prepared as an assignment for a unit on Special Interest Tourism in a Bachelor of Business in Tourism Management. Please contact the uploader for references for the origins of the content.
Role of eco tourism in achieving sustainable developmentAMALDASKH
The document discusses the role of ecotourism in achieving sustainable development. It defines ecotourism as a form of low-impact tourism that involves visiting natural areas to study and enjoy nature and culture, while improving environmental conservation and local well-being. Sustainable development seeks economic systems with little resource consumption and ecological damage. Ecotourism can contribute to conservation, sustain local communities, include education, require responsible action, and rely on small, renewable resource-friendly businesses. The principles of ecotourism are to minimize impacts and build environmental/cultural awareness, while providing benefits to both visitors and locals. Ecotourism's goal is to ensure socio-economic development and natural/cultural landscape protection through
This document discusses agri/agro tourism and provides information on starting an agri tourism business. Some key points:
- Agri tourism involves bringing visitors to farms to participate in agricultural activities and experience rural life. It can generate additional income for farmers.
- Visitors can experience rural activities like milking cows, farming, and playing rural games. Agri tourism educates people about farming and builds connections between rural and urban areas.
- Successful agri tourism businesses have things for visitors to see, do, and buy. They are family-friendly and focus on natural environments, education, and wellness.
- Examples are provided of established agri tourism organizations in India like ADTB and AT
This document discusses the economic impacts of tourism. It covers positive impacts like income, employment, and tax revenue generation. It also discusses negative impacts like cost inflation. The magnitude of economic impacts depends on factors like expenditure volume, development level, and how much spending recirculates locally. Tourism can benefit balances of payments. There are direct, indirect, and induced economic effects. Input-output analysis and tourism satellite accounts are used to measure these impacts. Employment impacts are also measured in various ways.
This document provides an overview of ecotourism, including its definition, relationship to mainstream tourism, philosophical basis in ecology and human ecology, and potential problems and benefits. Ecotourism is defined as environmentally responsible travel that promotes conservation and involves local communities. It is considered a form of sustainable tourism that is nature-based and focuses on experiencing natural areas while having low environmental impact. Ecotourism distinguishes itself from mainstream tourism by additionally emphasizing environmental and cultural sustainability as well as local community involvement.
The document discusses the key components and considerations of ecotourism. It defines ecotourism as having three main components: natural-based activities, education of visitors, and sustainable management. The natural-based component involves nature-focused activities and experiences. The education component aims to increase visitors' understanding and appreciation of the natural environment. The sustainable management component emphasizes environmental, social, cultural, and economic sustainability. The document also examines factors like the local community's involvement, potential impacts, and how revenue can support conservation efforts.
The document discusses ecotourism and defines it as "purposeful travel to natural areas to understand culture and nature while protecting ecosystems and benefiting local communities." It notes that ecotourism aims to conserve resources, respect local people and culture, and ensure economic and social benefits. The South African definition emphasizes benefiting local communities near protected areas through promoting appropriate development and social justice.
Ecotourism involves environmentally responsible travel to natural areas that promotes conservation and benefits local communities. It contains educational and interpretive features for small groups to minimize negative impacts. Achieving balance between conservation and development requires managing development density and local participation. The Jiuzhaigou Biosphere Reserve in China benefits from ecotourism by involving local communities and reducing farming/hunting to focus on the ecotourism business. Community-based ecotourism empowers local communities by involving them in conservation and giving them control over development. Ecotourism can fund environmental protection and education/development of local populations through tourism dollars.
About special interest tourism, examples of agritourism, the development of agritourism, who are agritourists, and issues in agritourism. This was prepared as an assignment for a unit on Special Interest Tourism in a Bachelor of Business in Tourism Management. Please contact the uploader for references for the origins of the content.
Role of eco tourism in achieving sustainable developmentAMALDASKH
The document discusses the role of ecotourism in achieving sustainable development. It defines ecotourism as a form of low-impact tourism that involves visiting natural areas to study and enjoy nature and culture, while improving environmental conservation and local well-being. Sustainable development seeks economic systems with little resource consumption and ecological damage. Ecotourism can contribute to conservation, sustain local communities, include education, require responsible action, and rely on small, renewable resource-friendly businesses. The principles of ecotourism are to minimize impacts and build environmental/cultural awareness, while providing benefits to both visitors and locals. Ecotourism's goal is to ensure socio-economic development and natural/cultural landscape protection through
This document discusses agri/agro tourism and provides information on starting an agri tourism business. Some key points:
- Agri tourism involves bringing visitors to farms to participate in agricultural activities and experience rural life. It can generate additional income for farmers.
- Visitors can experience rural activities like milking cows, farming, and playing rural games. Agri tourism educates people about farming and builds connections between rural and urban areas.
- Successful agri tourism businesses have things for visitors to see, do, and buy. They are family-friendly and focus on natural environments, education, and wellness.
- Examples are provided of established agri tourism organizations in India like ADTB and AT
This document discusses various models of tourist motivation, including Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Epperson's push-pull model, Pearce's leisure ladder model, and Plog's psychographic model. It also covers types of tourism like adventure travel, sports tourism, religious tourism, and health/medical tourism. Key points are that mature travelers are an important market due to their wealth and free time, and business travelers are less sensitive to price fluctuations than leisure travelers. Increasing globalization has led to more international business travel.
Ecotourism has evolved over time from simply nature-based tourism and recreation. It now aims to conserve the natural environment and support local communities and economies. There are many definitions of ecotourism but most agree that it involves sustainable tourism focused on experiencing natural areas while minimizing negative impacts. Ecotourism aims to provide benefits to environmental conservation, local communities, and visitor experience through responsible and sustainable practices.
Rural tourism has the potential to improve rural livelihoods and communities in India. It can generate jobs and income in rural areas through activities like farming, handicrafts, and cultural festivals. However, rural tourism also faces challenges like preserving culture and environment, developing infrastructure and skills, and ensuring benefits are shared. With support from the government and community cooperation, rural tourism could boost rural economies in a sustainable manner.
This document discusses responsible tourism initiatives in Kumarakom, Kerala. It summarizes the development of tourism in Kumarakom, impacts on the local community, and efforts to implement more sustainable and responsible tourism models. Key points include: 1) Tourism in Kumarakom grew rapidly but negatively impacted local communities by displacing farmers and fishermen; 2) New initiatives aim to increase economic benefits to local communities through partnerships between the tourism industry and local producers; 3) Challenges included inconsistent supply and doubts from hotels, but systems now provide quality control and regular supply of local products.
ADVENTURE TOURISM: THE SUSTAINABLE TOURISM OPPORTUNITY FOR EMERGING MARKETS Wild Asia
Shannon Stowell will provide an overview and definition of adventure tourism and discuss the market and environmental opportunity it represents today. Included in his presentation are statistics on the market value of the global adventure tourism market and results from original survey research into the preferences and behaviors of U.S. adventure travelers (one of the largest source markets for international adventure travel). Included are survey results indicating an interest in Asian destinations for adventure travel. Mr. Stowell will also share information on when adventure tourism product development makes sense for a destination, trending activities, the importance of environmental management and tour operator best practices in securing a competitive position in the global marketplace for adventure experiences, and the triple bottom line benefits of adventure tourism market development.
This document discusses the key components of tourism geography, including the three main geographical components of the tourism system: places of origin (tourist-generating areas), tourist destinations (receiving areas), and the routes traveled between them. It also examines push and pull factors that influence tourist flows, and different methods used to measure and study tourist movements and trends, including by volume, characteristics, and expenditures. Different forms of tourism are classified by destination, market, and distance traveled.
This document discusses trends in global tourism. It explains that tourism is an important contributor to the global economy, generating income and employment. While international tourist arrivals and tourism revenues have seen continued growth, the nature of tourism is changing. Mass tourism is evolving to niche tourism as travelers prefer more customized experiences. Tourism is also shifting from organized group tours to independent travel. Both long and short haul destinations are developing new tourism products to attract different market segments.
Rural tourism provides an important opportunity for economic development and population retention in rural areas. The basic components of rural tourism include accommodation in rural housing or small hotels, cuisine based on local traditions, and leisure activities that showcase local culture and lifestyles. Rural tourism meets the demand for open spaces while responding to an interest in natural and rural heritage. When developed sustainably, it can improve living standards and quality of life for rural communities while preserving cultural traditions and the local environment.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in tourism. It discusses different types of tourism like leisure, business, and visiting friends and relatives. It also examines the integrated model of tourism which shows how travelers interact with tourism promoters, suppliers, and the external environment. Some factors that influence tourism development are discussed like social trends, political policies, the economy, culture/environment, and technology.
This document discusses nature tourism and ecotourism. It defines nature tourism as experiencing natural places through outdoor activities that minimize environmental impact. Ecotourism is a type of nature tourism that benefits the environment and local communities. Sri Lanka is highlighted as having great potential for nature tourism due to its high levels of biodiversity and endemism. However, the document notes that Sri Lanka could better promote its natural attractions and protect the environment from large hotel developments in order to boost its nature tourism industry.
This document outlines strategies for developing sustainable tourism. It discusses analyzing the current tourism situation, determining appropriate tourism levels and markets, influencing tourism development and operations, and promoting sustainable visitor behavior. Key aspects include conducting research, consulting stakeholders, selecting markets based on factors like seasonality and spend, encouraging a diversity of tourism products, developing policies around new developments, and promoting practices within enterprises and among visitors that minimize environmental and social impacts.
Transportation role in tourism developmentjyoti chandani
Transportation plays a vital role in tourism development by linking destinations and enabling travel between places. Historically, improvements in transportation technology, beginning with the industrial revolution, enabled the growth of tourism by increasing speeds and distances of travel. Modern advances like air travel have dramatically shrunk the world and made international mass tourism possible. Transportation infrastructure and policies can significantly impact tourism by affecting accessibility and the viability of destinations. The development of tourism and transportation are strongly interlinked, as improvements in one stimulate growth in the other.
Ecotourism involves traveling to relatively undisturbed natural areas to study and enjoy nature and culture while promoting conservation. If not planned properly, tourism can damage environments through overuse. Ecotourism should enhance conservation, education, and socioeconomic benefits for local communities while having low environmental impact. Popular ecotourism activities in the Philippines include mountaineering, birdwatching, scuba diving, and whale watching, which support conservation if practiced sustainably.
Ecotourism involves responsible travel to natural areas in a way that conserves the environment and benefits local communities. It aims to minimize impacts, build cultural awareness, provide positive experiences for visitors and hosts, and financially support conservation. Key principles include generating financial benefits locally, delivering interpretive experiences to raise environmental awareness, and recognizing indigenous rights. While ecotourism can support conservation and local development, some projects have negatively impacted communities through displacement, threats to culture, and environmental hazards like pollution if not properly managed.
Chapter 7 Community Approach to Tourism Planning (Tourism Planning and Develo...Md Shaifullar Rabbi
Community-based tourism involves local residents inviting tourists to visit their communities. Residents earn income by managing land and providing services to tourists. Part of the income is set aside for community projects. This allows communities to benefit economically while celebrating their culture. The government plays an important role in community-based tourism by facilitating tourism development, providing training and motivating business growth. Communities are able to improve standards of living and preserve their culture through community-based tourism.
The document discusses ecotourism, defining it as responsible travel that conserves the environment and improves welfare of local communities. It explores who participates in ecotourism, including tourists who are often college-educated aged 35-54, staying in small accommodations while participating in activities like nature tours and cultural experiences. Ecotourism benefits local environments, economies, and visitors through small-scale and sustainable travel practices.
This document provides an overview of tourism in Southeast Asia. It discusses the region's complex geography, history of foreign influences, and political/economic diversity. Major topics covered include the characteristics and tourism industries of individual countries like Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, and Indonesia. Challenges facing the region's tourism development are also examined, such as environmental degradation, political instability, and natural disasters.
The document discusses the sustainability of mass tourism. It defines sustainable tourism as tourism that balances economic, social, and environmental impacts such that increased economic welfare does not come at the expense of social problems or severe environmental damage. The document compares the role of alternative and mass tourism in sustainable destination development. While alternative tourism has more positive environmental impacts, mass tourism provides significant economic benefits due to economies of scale. The document argues that the goal of tourism policy should be making mass tourism more sustainable, not replacing it, through techniques like zoning, visitor number restrictions, and educating tourists.
Wildlife tourism refers to observing and interacting with local animals and plants in their natural habitats. It includes activities like safaris and eco-tourism. While wildlife tourism provides funds for conservation and raises environmental awareness, it can also negatively impact animals through disturbance, artificial feeding, and increased vulnerability to predators. However, wildlife tourism also supports habitat restoration, conservation breeding programs, and anti-poaching efforts through financial donations and sustainable hunting practices.
Dünya Turizminde Türkiye'nin yeri Dünya Turizminde Türkiye'nin yeri Dünya Turizminde Türkiye'nin yeri Dünya Turizminde Türkiye'nin yeri Dünya Turizminde Türkiye'nin yeri
This document discusses various models of tourist motivation, including Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Epperson's push-pull model, Pearce's leisure ladder model, and Plog's psychographic model. It also covers types of tourism like adventure travel, sports tourism, religious tourism, and health/medical tourism. Key points are that mature travelers are an important market due to their wealth and free time, and business travelers are less sensitive to price fluctuations than leisure travelers. Increasing globalization has led to more international business travel.
Ecotourism has evolved over time from simply nature-based tourism and recreation. It now aims to conserve the natural environment and support local communities and economies. There are many definitions of ecotourism but most agree that it involves sustainable tourism focused on experiencing natural areas while minimizing negative impacts. Ecotourism aims to provide benefits to environmental conservation, local communities, and visitor experience through responsible and sustainable practices.
Rural tourism has the potential to improve rural livelihoods and communities in India. It can generate jobs and income in rural areas through activities like farming, handicrafts, and cultural festivals. However, rural tourism also faces challenges like preserving culture and environment, developing infrastructure and skills, and ensuring benefits are shared. With support from the government and community cooperation, rural tourism could boost rural economies in a sustainable manner.
This document discusses responsible tourism initiatives in Kumarakom, Kerala. It summarizes the development of tourism in Kumarakom, impacts on the local community, and efforts to implement more sustainable and responsible tourism models. Key points include: 1) Tourism in Kumarakom grew rapidly but negatively impacted local communities by displacing farmers and fishermen; 2) New initiatives aim to increase economic benefits to local communities through partnerships between the tourism industry and local producers; 3) Challenges included inconsistent supply and doubts from hotels, but systems now provide quality control and regular supply of local products.
ADVENTURE TOURISM: THE SUSTAINABLE TOURISM OPPORTUNITY FOR EMERGING MARKETS Wild Asia
Shannon Stowell will provide an overview and definition of adventure tourism and discuss the market and environmental opportunity it represents today. Included in his presentation are statistics on the market value of the global adventure tourism market and results from original survey research into the preferences and behaviors of U.S. adventure travelers (one of the largest source markets for international adventure travel). Included are survey results indicating an interest in Asian destinations for adventure travel. Mr. Stowell will also share information on when adventure tourism product development makes sense for a destination, trending activities, the importance of environmental management and tour operator best practices in securing a competitive position in the global marketplace for adventure experiences, and the triple bottom line benefits of adventure tourism market development.
This document discusses the key components of tourism geography, including the three main geographical components of the tourism system: places of origin (tourist-generating areas), tourist destinations (receiving areas), and the routes traveled between them. It also examines push and pull factors that influence tourist flows, and different methods used to measure and study tourist movements and trends, including by volume, characteristics, and expenditures. Different forms of tourism are classified by destination, market, and distance traveled.
This document discusses trends in global tourism. It explains that tourism is an important contributor to the global economy, generating income and employment. While international tourist arrivals and tourism revenues have seen continued growth, the nature of tourism is changing. Mass tourism is evolving to niche tourism as travelers prefer more customized experiences. Tourism is also shifting from organized group tours to independent travel. Both long and short haul destinations are developing new tourism products to attract different market segments.
Rural tourism provides an important opportunity for economic development and population retention in rural areas. The basic components of rural tourism include accommodation in rural housing or small hotels, cuisine based on local traditions, and leisure activities that showcase local culture and lifestyles. Rural tourism meets the demand for open spaces while responding to an interest in natural and rural heritage. When developed sustainably, it can improve living standards and quality of life for rural communities while preserving cultural traditions and the local environment.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in tourism. It discusses different types of tourism like leisure, business, and visiting friends and relatives. It also examines the integrated model of tourism which shows how travelers interact with tourism promoters, suppliers, and the external environment. Some factors that influence tourism development are discussed like social trends, political policies, the economy, culture/environment, and technology.
This document discusses nature tourism and ecotourism. It defines nature tourism as experiencing natural places through outdoor activities that minimize environmental impact. Ecotourism is a type of nature tourism that benefits the environment and local communities. Sri Lanka is highlighted as having great potential for nature tourism due to its high levels of biodiversity and endemism. However, the document notes that Sri Lanka could better promote its natural attractions and protect the environment from large hotel developments in order to boost its nature tourism industry.
This document outlines strategies for developing sustainable tourism. It discusses analyzing the current tourism situation, determining appropriate tourism levels and markets, influencing tourism development and operations, and promoting sustainable visitor behavior. Key aspects include conducting research, consulting stakeholders, selecting markets based on factors like seasonality and spend, encouraging a diversity of tourism products, developing policies around new developments, and promoting practices within enterprises and among visitors that minimize environmental and social impacts.
Transportation role in tourism developmentjyoti chandani
Transportation plays a vital role in tourism development by linking destinations and enabling travel between places. Historically, improvements in transportation technology, beginning with the industrial revolution, enabled the growth of tourism by increasing speeds and distances of travel. Modern advances like air travel have dramatically shrunk the world and made international mass tourism possible. Transportation infrastructure and policies can significantly impact tourism by affecting accessibility and the viability of destinations. The development of tourism and transportation are strongly interlinked, as improvements in one stimulate growth in the other.
Ecotourism involves traveling to relatively undisturbed natural areas to study and enjoy nature and culture while promoting conservation. If not planned properly, tourism can damage environments through overuse. Ecotourism should enhance conservation, education, and socioeconomic benefits for local communities while having low environmental impact. Popular ecotourism activities in the Philippines include mountaineering, birdwatching, scuba diving, and whale watching, which support conservation if practiced sustainably.
Ecotourism involves responsible travel to natural areas in a way that conserves the environment and benefits local communities. It aims to minimize impacts, build cultural awareness, provide positive experiences for visitors and hosts, and financially support conservation. Key principles include generating financial benefits locally, delivering interpretive experiences to raise environmental awareness, and recognizing indigenous rights. While ecotourism can support conservation and local development, some projects have negatively impacted communities through displacement, threats to culture, and environmental hazards like pollution if not properly managed.
Chapter 7 Community Approach to Tourism Planning (Tourism Planning and Develo...Md Shaifullar Rabbi
Community-based tourism involves local residents inviting tourists to visit their communities. Residents earn income by managing land and providing services to tourists. Part of the income is set aside for community projects. This allows communities to benefit economically while celebrating their culture. The government plays an important role in community-based tourism by facilitating tourism development, providing training and motivating business growth. Communities are able to improve standards of living and preserve their culture through community-based tourism.
The document discusses ecotourism, defining it as responsible travel that conserves the environment and improves welfare of local communities. It explores who participates in ecotourism, including tourists who are often college-educated aged 35-54, staying in small accommodations while participating in activities like nature tours and cultural experiences. Ecotourism benefits local environments, economies, and visitors through small-scale and sustainable travel practices.
This document provides an overview of tourism in Southeast Asia. It discusses the region's complex geography, history of foreign influences, and political/economic diversity. Major topics covered include the characteristics and tourism industries of individual countries like Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, and Indonesia. Challenges facing the region's tourism development are also examined, such as environmental degradation, political instability, and natural disasters.
The document discusses the sustainability of mass tourism. It defines sustainable tourism as tourism that balances economic, social, and environmental impacts such that increased economic welfare does not come at the expense of social problems or severe environmental damage. The document compares the role of alternative and mass tourism in sustainable destination development. While alternative tourism has more positive environmental impacts, mass tourism provides significant economic benefits due to economies of scale. The document argues that the goal of tourism policy should be making mass tourism more sustainable, not replacing it, through techniques like zoning, visitor number restrictions, and educating tourists.
Wildlife tourism refers to observing and interacting with local animals and plants in their natural habitats. It includes activities like safaris and eco-tourism. While wildlife tourism provides funds for conservation and raises environmental awareness, it can also negatively impact animals through disturbance, artificial feeding, and increased vulnerability to predators. However, wildlife tourism also supports habitat restoration, conservation breeding programs, and anti-poaching efforts through financial donations and sustainable hunting practices.
Dünya Turizminde Türkiye'nin yeri Dünya Turizminde Türkiye'nin yeri Dünya Turizminde Türkiye'nin yeri Dünya Turizminde Türkiye'nin yeri Dünya Turizminde Türkiye'nin yeri
üLkemizi sembolize eden mekanlarüLkemizi sembolize eden mekanlarüLkemizi sembolize eden mekanlarüLkemizi sembolize eden mekanlarüLkemizi sembolize eden mekanlarüLkemizi sembolize eden mekanlar
Türkiye'nin turizm değerleri Türkiye'nin turizm değerleri Türkiye'nin turizm değerleri Türkiye'nin turizm değerleri Türkiye'nin turizm değerleri Türkiye'nin turizm değerleri
Turkey has active and inactive volcanoes and many natural caves that are popular sites for mountain tourism and caving. Some of the important caves in Turkey include Tilkiler Dudeni and Kizilelma Cave. Hot air balloon flights are popular in Cappadocia, one of the most well-known sites for hot air ballooning worldwide, and in the Ürgüp-Göreme region. Turkey also has suitable altitudes for paragliding.
Sektörel İstihdam Destekleme Paketi (SİDEP)
Turizme Yönelik Toplum Yararına Programlar
Turizmde Yabancı Çalışma İzinlerinde Kolaylık
Denkleştirme
Nitelikli İşgücü Yetiştirme
The document discusses Turkey's growing golf tourism industry. It notes that the Turkish Tourism Ministry has a plan to build 100 new golf courses over the next 4 years. This will help Turkey compete better with golf destinations like Spain and Portugal by increasing its number of courses from only 9 currently to over 100. The booming golf tourism sector is expected to be a big source of economic growth and investment for Turkey.
Türkiye'nin güneyinde yer alan ve Avrupa'nın en büyük turizm merkezlerinden olan ANTALYA hakkında genel bilgiler verilmektedir. ANTALYA ile ilgili bütün bilgilere yer verilmektedir.
DHL India offers comprehensive logistics solutions through four business units. The document discusses license plates, which uniquely identify packages around the world according to ISO standards. License plates begin with an issuing agency code and include additional codes and a serial number. DHL implements license plates under its integration solutions to efficiently identify customers and packages without additional identifiers, making it easier for employees to segregate and deliver packages.
Turizm, çevreye ene bağımlı sektördür.. Ekonominin geleceğinin temeli, çevresel sorumlulukla belirlenmelidir. İnsan varlığının her alanında sürdürülebilir üretim ve tüketimi teşvik etmeliyiz. Ekonomik refah sürdürülebilirlikle iç içedir.
Bu nedenle, sürdürülebilir iş modelleri tüm ekonomik faaliyetlerde teşvik edilmelidir. Sürdürülebilirlik, kalkınmanın faydalarından hiç kimsenin geride bırakılmadan adil bir şekilde paylaşılmasını sağlamaktır.
Sürdürülebilir kalkınma, günümüzde insanların ihtiyaçlarını karşılamak için doğal kaynakları sürdürülebilir bir şekilde kullanarak gelecekteki nesillerin de bu kaynaklardan faydalanmasını sağlayacak bir şekilde ekonomik, sosyal ve çevresel faktörleri birleştiren bir kalkınma modelidir.
HOLLYWOOD and rise of cultural protectionismSELÇUK YÜCESOY
This document discusses the global film industry and the dominance of Hollywood. It notes that Hollywood films have faced some criticism for negatively impacting other cultures. Some key points made include:
- Hollywood films are very popular worldwide but foreign films have less than 1% of the US market share.
- Some argue Hollywood films can distort history, promote ethnocentric views, and spread American English and cultural references globally.
- Governments have tried to protect domestic film industries through subsidies and quotas to limit foreign films, but this may weaken local industries.
- Hollywood is now a multinational industry, though it still dominates global film revenues.
Robin Hood's organization grew rapidly but lacked strategy and planning for long-term sustainability. As the band grew larger, discipline decreased and food became scarce as revenues declined. Robin Hood needed to change his approach but lacked future plans.
BIM was very successful initially as Turkey's pioneer of hard discount retail but soon faced growing competition from larger companies. BIM's low costs became a weakness as competitors produced cheaper private label goods. BIM needed to improve product quality and variety to remain competitive.
Both Robin Hood and BIM experienced rapid early growth but then faced challenges due to a lack of long-term strategic planning and an inability to adapt their business models to changing competitive landscapes. Developing strategic plans and adapting their
The document discusses the Parthenon temple in Athens and its history and significance. It describes how the Parthenon was originally dedicated to the goddess Athena and represented symbols of wisdom, intelligence, and peace. Over time, the structure was used for different religious purposes, first as a church and later as a mosque under Ottoman rule. It experienced destruction during wars and its cultural importance remains as one of the most prominent temples from ancient Greece.
This document analyzes tourism in Eskisehir, Turkey. It provides current tourism demand statistics, details the city's accommodations, and identifies strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Key strengths include Eskisehir's history, culture and transportation access. Weaknesses include its image as an industrial city and lack of strategic marketing. The document proposes developing Eskisehir's brand as the "University City" or "Capital of Culture" and increasing tourism through improved promotion, infrastructure, regional coordination and education.
This document discusses energy and innovation. It defines energy as the ability to do work and notes that energy is what allows things to move. Various energy resources are described like hydraulic, solar, wind, and geothermal energies which are derived from water, sunlight, wind, and heat within the Earth. Innovation is defined as creating new technology or implementing existing technology in new fields to advance thinking. The innovation process and examples like the charge-coupled device and Hubble Space Telescope are provided. Factors that create an environment for innovation like entrepreneurs and marketing are outlined. The importance of teams and being open to unexpected results in innovation are also discussed. Statistics on energy resources and usage in Turkey and why Turkey needs innovation are presented. Benef
1. TURĠZMDE SEKTÖRÜNDE
EKONOMĠK, SOSYO-KÜLTÜREL ÇEVRE ĠLE
ĠLGĠLĠ SORUNLAR
SELCUK YÜCESOY
ERCĠYES ÜNĠVERSĠTESĠ
SOSYAL BĠLĠMLER ENSTĠTÜSÜ
TURĠZM VE OTEL ĠġLETMECĠLĠĞĠ ANA BĠLĠM
DALI
KAYSERĠ 2014
2. ĠÇĠNDEKĠLER
KÜRESELLEġME, YAġAM KALĠTESĠNDEKĠ DEĞĠġĠMLER, EKONOMĠK KRĠZLER VE TURĠZME ETKĠLERĠ
SÜRDÜRÜLEBĠLĠR TURĠZM VE TÜKETĠCĠLER
SĠYASĠ VE SOSYAL KRĠZLERĠN TURĠZME ETKĠLERĠ
ÇEVRE SORUNLARI, ĠKLĠM DEĞĠġĠKLĠĞĠNĠN TURĠZME ETKĠLERĠ
EKO TURĠZM
DOĞAL VE KÜLTÜREL MĠRASLAR- SÜRDÜRÜLEBĠLĠR TURĠZM
ALTERNATĠF TURĠZM
3. KÜRESELLEġME
Küreselleşme, dünya çapındaki toplumsal ilişkilerin yoğunlaşmasıdır. Üretim
sistemlerini, teknolojiyi, uluslararası ticareti, finansal pazarları, ulus-devletleri
ve sosyal yaşamın birçok yönünü etkileyen küreselleşme, yeni bir kavram
değildir. XV. yüzyılda coğrafi keşiflerle başlayan, sanayi devrimi, petrolün
kullanımı, yeni ulaşım araçlarının ortaya çıkışıyla devam eden ve XXI. yüzyılda
bilgi ve teknolojiyle kendisini yenileyen kapitalizmdir. Küreselleşme, bugün
birçok ülkenin önemli endüstrilerinden biri olan ve gelir getirici etkinlikler
dışında kalan, boş zamanların hemen hepsini içine alan bir seyahat, bundan
doğan bir konaklama, yeme-içme, ulaşım, eğlence gibi hizmetler ve ilişkiler
olarak tanımlanan turizm üzerinde de doğrudan etkili olmuştur.
4. Son 20 yılda küreselleşme süreci turizm üzerinde farklı etkiler
yaratırken, toplumlar turizm hareketliliğinde değerler etkileşiminden nasıl
yararlanacağı konusunda yeni politika arayışlarına yönelmişlerdir. Ülkelerin
uluslararası ilişkilerde dünya kamuoyunu etkileyebilecek ulusal ve yerel imajlar
oluşturma, toplumsal ilişkilerde yerleşik hale gelmiş ön yargılardan
arınma, kültürel değerlerini tanıtma ve uluslararası politikalarda uzlaşmanın
yaşamsal değerini ön plana çıkarma gereği turizme yeni bir boyut kazanmıştır.
Bugün dünyanın hızla gelişen hizmet sektörlerinin başında gelen
turizm, yükselen refah seviyesi, seyahate ayrılan gelirin ve ulaşım imkânlarının
artmasıyla birlikte, dünyada büyük bir rekabet ortamını yaratmıştır.
5.
6. Dünyanın bütünleşmiş tek bir pazar haline gelmesini ifade eden küreselleşme
kapitalizmin bir sonucu ve gerekliliği olarak değerlendirilmelidir. Küreselleşme, yeni
dünya düzeni, postmodernizm, yenileşme ve neo liberalizmi birbirinden ayrı
düşünmemek gerekir. Çünkü söz konusu anlayış ve söylemler kapitalizm ile
bağlantılıdırlar ve ancak kapitalizm bağlamında açıklanabilirler.
Bugün dünyanın hızla gelişen hizmet sektörlerinin başında gelen turizm, yükselen
refah seviyesi, seyahate ayrılan gelirin ve ulaşım imkânlarının artmasıyla
birlikte, dünyada büyük bir rekabet ortamı yaratmıştır. Bu rekabet ortamının
oluşturacağı turizm gelirinin 2020 yılında 2 trilyon dolara ulaşacağı tahmin
edilmektedir.
7. Dolayısıyla her ülke, yeni pazar alanları oluĢturma, hizmet sektörlerinde
geliĢme ve iletiĢim araçlarını kullanma gibi küresel turizm stratejileri
geliĢtirmiĢtir. Ancak bu stratejilerinin belirlenmesinde yine Batı ülkeleri
ve onların çok uluslu Ģirketleri etkili olmuĢtur. Az geliĢmiĢ toplumlarda
turizmin geliĢmesini sağlayacak teknoloji, sermaye denetimi, fikirlerin
pazarlanması ve dağıtımı gibi üç ana güç yapısı çok uluslu Ģirketlerin
elinde olduğundan, küresel turizm politikalarını da onlar
yönlendirmiĢlerdir.
11. EKONOMĠK KRĠZLER VE TURĠZME
ETKĠLERĠ
Türkiye, 2001 ulusal kriz sonrasında sağlanan siyasi istikrar ve güçlü ekonomiye
geçiş programı (GEGP) sayesinde, 2002 – 2007 yılları arasında yüksek büyüme
oranları elde etmiştir. Bu dönemler arasında yıllık ortalama büyüme hızı yüzde 6’yı
aşmıştır. Fakat dünya ekonomisinde 2007 yılının ortalarında itibaren baş gösteren
küresel mali krizin Türkiye ekonomisine etkisi 2008 yılının ikinci yarısından
itibaren olmuştur. Bunun neticesinde 2000’li yıllarda devam eden büyüme dönemi
2008 yılının ortalarında itibaren sona ermiştir.
12.
13. Bütün Dünya’da 2008 krizinin yaşanmasının ardından 2009’da turizm
gelirlerindeki değişmeler aşağıda verilmiştir. 2008 yılında 9. sırada yer alan
Türkiye, 2009 yılına gelindiğinde turizm gelirleri sıralamasında 10. sıraya
düşmüş, Avusturya ise 10. sıradan 9.sıraya yükselmiştir. İlk onda yer alan diğer
ülkelerin turizm gelirleri sıralamasında ise bir değişme yaşanmamıştır.
14.
15. SÜRDÜRÜLEBĠLĠR TURĠZM VE
TÜKETĠCĠLER
Sürdürebilirlik kavramı son yıllarda en çok konuşulan ve gündem oluşturan bir
kavram haline gelmiştir. Sürdürülebilirlik, belirli bir ekosistemin ya da sürekliliği
olan herhangi bir sistemin kesintisiz, bozulmadan, aşırı kullanımla tüketmeden
ana kaynaklara aşırı yüklenmeden sürdürülebilmesi yetkinliği olarak bilinmektedir.
16. Sürdürülebilir turizm kavramı daha geniştir kavram olan “Sürdürülebilir büyüme ”den
gelen ve bu büyümeyi turizmin özel bağlamına uygulama anlamına gelen özel bir
terimdir. Yazarlar genellikle “sürdürülebilir büyüme” teriminin kaynağını1987’deki
Dünya Komisyonunun Çevre ve Gelişim konulu “Ortak Geleceğimiz” başlıklı raporuna
dayandırırlar.
17.
18.
19. SĠYASAL VE SOSYAL KRĠZLER
Türkiye’de bir siyasi kriz olduğunda, meslektaşlar haklı olarak bunun turizme
yapacağı etkiyi soruşturmaya başlar. Türkiye’ye gelen turist profili, Türkiye’ye
gelen yabancı turistlerin yüzde 74.1’i orta, yüzde 14.4’ü yüksek, yüzde 11.4’ü de
düşük gelir grubundan oluşuyor.
Türkiye’yi neden tercih ettiklerine baktığımızda ise yüzde 56.1’le daha çok gezi ve
eğlence amaçlı olduğunu görüyoruz. Yabancı turistlerin yüzde 10.3’ü kültür, yüzde
6.5’i yakınları ziyaret amacıyla geliyor. Alışveriş amacıyla gelenler yüzde 5.7, görev
nedeniyle gelenler yüzde 4.8, ticari ilişkiler için gelenler yüzde
4.1, konferans, kurs, seminer, toplantı nedeniyle gelenler de yüzde 2.7 seviyesinde
görünüyor.
20. BaĢta Avrupa ülkeleri olmak üzere birçok ülkede yapılan
araĢtırmalar, ülkemize gelecek turistin cebindeki paraya göre en iyi
hizmeti alabileceği ülkelerin baĢında Türkiye’nin geldiği gösteriyor.
"Neden Türkiye?" sorusuna verilen yanıt
“Diğer ülkelerde tesisler 1980’lerin, fiyatlar ise 2000’ler
seviyesindeyken, Türkiye’de tam tersi; tesisler 2000’lerin fiyatlar
1980’lerin seviyesinde."
21. ÇEVRE SORUNLARI VE TURĠZM
Devletin 1980 sonrası çevre politikalarında kalkınmanın esas alındığını
görmekteyiz.
Termik santrallerin en verimli, güzel ve turizm açısından elverişli yerlere
yerleştirilmesinin altında bu güdü elverişli yerlere yerleştirilmesinin altında bu
güdü yatmaktadır. En güzel sahiller neredeyse hiç bir estetik özelliği olmayan
beton yığınları ile doldurulmuş bulunmaktadır. Turizm, tamamen ticari ve
ekonomik bir faaliyet olarak algılanmakta ve bu anlayışla her tür çevresel tahribata
çanak tutulmaktadır.
22. Turizm hareketi genellikle doğal dengenin çok duyarlı olduğu yerlerde
başlamakta, gelişmekte ve gerekli önlemler alınmadığında bu dengeyi kolaylıkla
bozmaktadır.
Su kaynaklarının kirlenmesine neden olmakla birlikte tarım -Su kaynaklarının
kirlenmesine neden olmakla birlikte tarım arazileri, bölgesel bitki örtüsü (flora) ve
hayvan varlığı (fauna) yapısını tahrip etmektedir.
Ormanların tahribi, ormanlık alanlarda avlanma, inşaat ve ulaştırma yatırım faaliyetleri
ve kıyılardaki deniz araçları barınakları, gezinti yolları, hayvan neslinin tükenmesine
yol açmaktadır.
23. Kontrolsüz bir planlama sürecinde ortaya çıkan yapılaşma ve yoğun turist
faaliyetlerinin neden olduğu kalabalıklaşma her ne şekilde olursa olsun çevre
üzerinde mutlaka bir sorun olmaktadır.
Kısaca Turizm hareketi bir bütün olarak ele alındığında, dolaylı ya da doğrudan iklim
değişikliğine neden olmaktadır.
Altyapı ve üstyapı tesisleri, bu tesislerin gereksinim duyduğu araç gereçlerin
üretiminde kullanılan maddeler, ulaşım yolları, katı, gaz ve sıvı atıklar, ulaşım
araçlarının çıkardığı gazlar, nüfus yoğunluğunun neden olduğu aşırı kullanım
ekosistemi tahrip etmektedir.
24. EKO TURĠZM
Ekoturizm, oldukça yeni bir kavramdır. Ġlk kez 1992 Rio Çevre Zirvesi'nde
sürdürülebilir bir dünya ve çevre için kriterler ortaya konmuĢtur. Bu
kriterler, turizme de uyarlanarak, çevreye zarar vermeden, ondan yararlanma
yöntemlerinin geliĢtirilmesi ve tüm yerli halkların kültürlerini yok
etmeden, onların turizm faaliyetlerinden yararlanmalarının sağlanması
Ģeklinde özetlenmiĢtir.
25. "Dünya Eko turizm Zirvesi'nde, tüm
ülkelerin benimsediği ortak bir tanım
saptandı. Buna göre eko
turizm, "yeryüzünün doğal kaynaklarının
sürdürülebilirliğini güvence altına
alan, bunun yansıra yerel halkların
ekonomik kalkınmasına destek
olurken, sosyal ve kültürel bütünlüklerini
koruyup gözeten bir yaklaşım ya da tavır"
olarak benimsendi. Bu kavramı benimseyen
ülkelerin, doğal sonuç olarak
benimsemeleri gereken prensipler ve
uygulayacakları yöntemler ise şöyledir:
26. Ekoturizm politikaları
geliĢtirmek ve planlama
yapmak
Ekoturizm için kurallar
geliĢtirmek
Ekoturizm alanında ürün
geliĢtirmek, pazarlama ve
tanıtım yapmak
Ekoturizmin getiri ve
götürülerini ( maddi ve
manevi ) izleyip saptamak
27. SÜRDÜRÜLEBĠLĠR TURĠZM
Sürdürülebilir turizm, insanın etkileşim içinde bulunduğu ya da bulunmadığı
çevrenin bozulmadan veya değiştirilmeden korunarak, kültürel
bütünlüğün, ekolojik süreçlerin, biyolojik çeşitliliğin ve yaşamı sürdüren
sistemlerin idame ettirildiği ve aynı zamanda tüm kaynakların ziyaret edilen
bölgedeki insanların ve turistlerin ekonomik, sosyal ve estetik
gereksinmelerini doyuracak şekilde ve gelecek kuşakların da aynı
gereksinmelerini karşılayabilecekleri biçimde yönetildiği bir yaklaşımdır.
28. SÜRDÜRÜLEBĠLĠR TURĠZMĠN GENEL
ĠLKELERĠ
Talebe göre değil, arza göre turistik düzenlemelerin yapılması
Önceliklerin yerel halka verilmesi
12 Ay Turizm
Toplu taĢıma
Toplumsal katılım
Temiz enerji kullanımı
Eylem durumunda dinlenme
Gerçek yaĢamın sahnelenmesi
Mevcut yapı stoğunun kullanımı
Toplumsal ve kültürel kimliğin korunması
Turizm yatırımların esnek, geliĢmeye açık ve uzun vadeli olması, olarak
sıralanabilir.
29. KÜLTÜREL MĠRAS
Kültürel miras veya kültür mirası daha önceki kuşaklar tarafından
oluşturulmuş ve evrensel değerlere sahip olduğuna inanılan eserlere
verilen genel bir isimdir. Dünya Kültürel ve Doğal Mirasın Korunması
Sözleşmesi kültür mirasını üç sınıfta gruplandırmaktadır
30. Anıtlar: Bu gruba mimari yapılar, heykeller, resimler, arkeolojik
eserler, kitabeler, mağaralar ve eleman birleşimleri girmektedir. Bu grupta yer alan
eserler tarihi veya sanatsal veya bilimsel olarak evrensel değerlere sahiptirler.
Yapı toplulukları: Bu gruba giren yapı toplulukları bulundukları konum nedeniyle tarihi
veya sanatsal veya bilimsel olarak evrensel değerlere sahiptirler.
Sitler: Bu gruba giren sit alanları ya insan ürünüdür ya da doğal bir şekilde
oluşmuştur. Ya da bu ikisinin kombinasyonudur. Bu gruba giren sit alanları ya
estetik, ya etnolojik ya da antropolojik bakımdan evrensel değerlere sahiptirler.
31. KÜLTÜREL MĠRASIN DEĞERĠ
Kültürel mirasın korunarak gelecek nesillere aktarılmak istenmesinin
arkasında mirasın bir değeri olduğu inancı yatmaktadır. Bu değer, miras
konusu olanın kendinden menkul bir özelliği olmasından çok, insanların
atfettikleri ile ilgilidir. Kültürel mirasın toplumlar için taşıdığı değerin
başında, toplumların geçmişleri ile kurdukları ilişkinin miras öğeleri
üzerinden somutluk kazanıyor olması gelir. Miras öğeleri, kitaplarda soyut
bir şekilde anlatılan geçmiş hikâyelerini, bugünün insanları için
canlandırmaya yararlar. Kültürel mirasa verilen değer tam da budur;
geçmişin izlerini bugüne kadar sürdürmek.
32. DOĞAL MĠRAS
Estetik, kültürel, bilimsel, eko
nomik unsurlarla zenginleĢen
doğal güzelliklerin ve
biyolojik çeĢitliliğin
oluĢturduğu değerlerdir.
Bilimsel veya görsel açıdan az
rastlanan küresel değeri olan
jeolojik ve morfolojik
oluĢumlar, tükenme tehdidi
altındaki hayvan ve bitki
türlerinin yetiĢtiği yerler
doğal miras alanları olarak
kabul edilir.
33. DOĞAL MĠRAS OLMA ġARTLARI
Doğanın bir harikasına veya eşsiz bir güzelliğe ve estetik öneme sahip
doğal alanlar olması
Yaşamış canlıların kalıntıları devam eden jeolojik olaylar ve yer şekillerinin
gelişimi gibi dünyanın doğal tarihine ilişkin eşsiz önemde bilgilere sahip
olması
Ekolojik ve biyolojik olarak hâlâ bozulmamış bir karasal denizel veya tatlı
su ekosistemine veya önemli hayvan ve bitki topluluklarına ev sahipliği
yapması
Özellikle tehlikedeki veya bilim açısından önemli bir biyolojik çeşitlilik için
en önemli ve en belirgin doğal habitatlara ev sahipliği yapması
34. ÜLKEMĠZDEKĠ DOĞAL MĠRASLARA
ÖRNEKLER
2000 yılı sonu itibariyle Dünya genelinde Dünya Miras Listesine kayıtlı 690
kültürel ya da doğal varlık bulunmaktadır. Bunların 530 tanesi
kültürel/arkeolojik sit 137 tanesi doğal sittir. 23 tanesi ise karma (kültürel/doğal)
sittir. Her yıl gerçekleşen Dünya Miras Komitesi toplantıları ile bu sayı
artmaktadır.
Ülkemiz Kültür ve Tabiat Varlıklarını Koruma Genel Müdürlüğünün sorumluluğu
altında yürüttüğü çalışmalar neticesinde bugüne kadar Dünya Miras Listesine 9
adet varlığımızın alınmasını sağlamıştır.
Bu varlıklardan; İstanbul, Safranbolu Boğazköy, Nemrut Dağı, Xanthos-Letoon
Divriği Ulu Camii ve Darüşşifası, Truva Arkeolojik Kenti, Pamukkale ve Göreme-
Kapadokya hem kültürel hem doğal miras olarak listeye alınmıştır.
35. ALTERNATĠF TURĠZM
Alternatif turizm; doğal kaynak
stoklarını koruyarak kaliteli bir çevre
oluĢturmayı ve yöre halkının turizm ile
ilgili aktivitelerini kontrol ederek bu
yönde ekonomik fayda sağlamayı
amaçlamaktadır. Bu nedenle
sürdürülebilir geliĢimin temelleri ile
alternatif turizm kavramları arasında
yakın bir iliĢki bulunmaktadır.
36. Alternatif turizmde, doğa turizmi, çiftlik turizmi gibi seçenekler sürdürülebilir kalkınma
için ideal araçlardır. Alternatif turizm kavramı literatürde “yumuşak turizm", "korumacı
turizm”, “yeşil turizm”, doğaya yönelik turizm” ve ekoturizm”, “uygun
turizm", sürdürülebilir turizm”, “ilerleyici turizm” gibi turizm çeşitleri ile birlikte
anılmaktadır.
37. ALTERNATĠF TURĠZM ÇEġĠTLERĠ
KuĢ Gözlemciliği
Doğa YürüyüĢü (Trekking)
Yayla Turizmi
Mağara Turizmi
Av Turizmi
Sualtı DalıĢ Turizmi
Hava Sporları Turizmi
Sportif Olta Balıkçılığı
Akarsu Turizmi
Atlı Doğa YürüyüĢü
Bisiklet Turizmi
Botanik Turizmi
Yaban Hayatı (Fauna)
Gözlemciliği
Foto Safari
Tarım ve Çiftlik (Agro) Turizmi
Kap Karavan Turizmi: