Sustainable tourism planning and developmentAMALDASKH
The document discusses sustainable tourism planning and development. It defines sustainable development as meeting present needs without compromising future needs. Resources for tourism are divided into capital, labor, materials and knowledge. Materials include natural and human-made assets like cultures, wildlife, buildings and infrastructure. Sustainable planning is needed because resources are finite and must be allocated efficiently. The principles of sustainability are holistic planning, preserving ecology, protecting heritage and biodiversity, and ensuring long-term productivity. Tourism development must conserve resources, maintain attractions, limit overcrowding, and be politically and socially acceptable.
How does sustainable tourism differ from conventional tourismNoersal Samad
Sustainable tourism is environmentally responsible travel and visitation to natural areas, in order to enjoy and appreciate nature (and any accompanying cultural features, both past and present) in a way that promotes conservation, has a low visitor impact, and provides for beneficially active socio-economic involvement of local peoples. (World Conservation Union,1996)
Eco-tourism involves visiting natural areas to educate travelers, provide funds for conservation, and benefit local communities while respecting their cultures. Some key characteristics include traveling to natural destinations, building environmental awareness, providing financial benefits for conservation and local people, and respecting local culture. However, eco-tourism can negatively impact the environment, local economies, and cultures if not properly managed, such as through overtourism leading to environmental degradation or enclave tourism that does not financially benefit local communities.
Ecotourism involves environmentally responsible travel to natural areas that promotes conservation and benefits local communities. It contains educational and interpretive features for small groups to minimize negative impacts. Achieving balance between conservation and development requires managing development density and local participation. The Jiuzhaigou Biosphere Reserve in China benefits from ecotourism by involving local communities and reducing farming/hunting to focus on the ecotourism business. Community-based ecotourism empowers local communities by involving them in conservation and giving them control over development. Ecotourism can fund environmental protection and education/development of local populations through tourism dollars.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang prinsip-prinsip pengembangan ekowisata, termasuk definisi ekowisata sebagai wisata berkelanjutan yang mendukung pelestarian lingkungan dan peningkatan partisipasi masyarakat setempat, serta prinsip-prinsip kepariwisataan berkelanjutan seperti berbasis masyarakat dan berwawasan budaya."
Sustainable tourism planning and developmentAMALDASKH
The document discusses sustainable tourism planning and development. It defines sustainable development as meeting present needs without compromising future needs. Resources for tourism are divided into capital, labor, materials and knowledge. Materials include natural and human-made assets like cultures, wildlife, buildings and infrastructure. Sustainable planning is needed because resources are finite and must be allocated efficiently. The principles of sustainability are holistic planning, preserving ecology, protecting heritage and biodiversity, and ensuring long-term productivity. Tourism development must conserve resources, maintain attractions, limit overcrowding, and be politically and socially acceptable.
How does sustainable tourism differ from conventional tourismNoersal Samad
Sustainable tourism is environmentally responsible travel and visitation to natural areas, in order to enjoy and appreciate nature (and any accompanying cultural features, both past and present) in a way that promotes conservation, has a low visitor impact, and provides for beneficially active socio-economic involvement of local peoples. (World Conservation Union,1996)
Eco-tourism involves visiting natural areas to educate travelers, provide funds for conservation, and benefit local communities while respecting their cultures. Some key characteristics include traveling to natural destinations, building environmental awareness, providing financial benefits for conservation and local people, and respecting local culture. However, eco-tourism can negatively impact the environment, local economies, and cultures if not properly managed, such as through overtourism leading to environmental degradation or enclave tourism that does not financially benefit local communities.
Ecotourism involves environmentally responsible travel to natural areas that promotes conservation and benefits local communities. It contains educational and interpretive features for small groups to minimize negative impacts. Achieving balance between conservation and development requires managing development density and local participation. The Jiuzhaigou Biosphere Reserve in China benefits from ecotourism by involving local communities and reducing farming/hunting to focus on the ecotourism business. Community-based ecotourism empowers local communities by involving them in conservation and giving them control over development. Ecotourism can fund environmental protection and education/development of local populations through tourism dollars.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang prinsip-prinsip pengembangan ekowisata, termasuk definisi ekowisata sebagai wisata berkelanjutan yang mendukung pelestarian lingkungan dan peningkatan partisipasi masyarakat setempat, serta prinsip-prinsip kepariwisataan berkelanjutan seperti berbasis masyarakat dan berwawasan budaya."
Tourism development (TD) plays an important role in local economic development by connecting different economic sectors and industries. TD has positive influences on infrastructure, construction, banking, and contributes to LED by creating new jobs and infrastructure. A complete Tourism Satellite Account measures the goods and services of the tourism industry and its linkages and contributions to other industries, employment, and capital formation. TD can have a polarizing, inducing, or neutral effect on a region by directly or indirectly impacting social and economic development. The main economic benefits of TD include better balance of payments, increased tax revenue, support for small and medium businesses, increased employment, and stimulation of investment in local infrastructure.
Pemerintah daerah memainkan peran penting dalam mewujudkan pariwisata berkelanjutan melalui kebijakan dan perencanaannya. Namun, tantangan utama adalah bagaimana mengintegrasikan prinsip-prinsip pembangunan berkelanjutan ke dalam praktik. Kolaborasi dengan berbagai pemangku kepentingan juga diperlukan untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut.
The document discusses the environmental impacts of the hotel industry. It notes that hotels collectively consume huge amounts of resources and contribute to global CO2 emissions. The three main areas of environmental impact from hotels are energy use, water consumption, and waste generation. The document also outlines some best practices for hotels to reduce their environmental footprint, such as improving energy efficiency and promoting sustainable operations. It concludes that the hotel industry must continue transitioning to more environmentally-friendly practices.
Proposal penelitian ini membahas tentang ekonomi rumah tangga pedesaan dan peran wanita dalam masyarakat pertanian lahan pasir di Desa Srigading Sanden Bantul. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan kondisi ekonomi rumah tangga dan peran wanita dalam pertanian lahan pasir di desa tersebut.
Rethinking Authenticity In Tourist ExperienceZlamb
This document is a paper submitted by Zachary Lamb in partial fulfillment of a Master's degree. It examines the motivations of people who stay with strangers through hospitality networks like CouchSurfing and Airbnb. Through interviews with members, the paper finds that seeking authentic experiences is a primary motivation, contrary to some analyses that say authenticity is not relevant. It reviews different perspectives on authenticity in tourism literature. The paper suggests reinvigorating the concept of authenticity based on its findings that people do act with perceptions of authenticity in mind. It analyzes how intimate homestays with locals may provide the most authentic backstage experiences for some travelers seeking escape from rationalized modern life.
Ecotourism focuses on traveling responsibly to natural areas in a way that conserves the environment and helps local people. It can involve community tourism, where visitors stay with local people, or ecotourism, where the focus is on plants and animals. While ecotourism aims to minimize impacts and support conservation, education, human rights, and local communities, it faces challenges like confusion over definitions, unsustainable growth at some destinations, and potential negative impacts from tourism on environments and cultures.
Community Participation in the Tourism Development ProcessCevat Tosun
This document summarizes a study examining the expected nature of community participation in tourism development by different interest groups in Ürgüp, Cappadocia, Turkey. The study found that local people strongly supported spontaneous participation, while local bodies and central bodies supported more coercive or induced participation that maintains existing power structures. The private sector also supported less community participation. This reveals tensions between interest groups over how much control the local community should have in tourism development planning and decision making. More research is still needed to develop effective models for meaningful community participation.
Community-based tourism (CBT) involves local communities managing tourism resources to generate income while preserving their culture and environment. CBT projects promote community ownership, involve members in all aspects, improve quality of life, and distribute benefits fairly. Monitoring CBT helps evaluate performance over time, adapt activities, and ensure projects prioritize community needs. The monitoring process includes planning, identifying key issues, developing indicators, collecting and evaluating data, responding to results, and communicating findings to stakeholders.
Download luận văn đồ án tốt nghiệp ngành văn hóa du lịch với đề tài: Khai thác các giá trị của Chùa Ba Vàng (Uông Bí - Quảng Ninh) phục vụ phát triển du lịch văn hóa, cho các bạn tham khảo
SUSTAINABLE TOURISM AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTÄngel Rözi Rozi
This document discusses sustainable tourism and sustainable development. It defines sustainability as meeting present needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet their needs. Sustainable tourism considers environmental, social, cultural, and economic factors. The objectives of sustainable tourism include applying sustainable development principles to tourism by protecting natural resources, cultural heritage, and ensuring community benefits from tourism.
PENJELASAN RENCANA INDUK PEMBANGUNAN KEPARIWISATAAN NASIONAL TAHUN 2010 - 2025Anindya Kenyo Larasti
[Ringkasan]
1) Dokumen tersebut merupakan penjelasan atas Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 50 Tahun 2011 tentang Rencana Induk Pembangunan Kepariwisataan Nasional Tahun 2010-2025 yang mengatur tentang empat pilar pembangunan pariwisata nasional yaitu destinasi, pemasaran, industri, dan kelembagaan pariwisata; 2) Tujuan dikeluarkannya peraturan tersebut adalah untuk meningkatkan daya saing pariwisata Indonesia di tingkat regional
Bab 1 Karakteristik Sumber Daya Manusia Industri PariwisataNoersal Samad
Bab 1 membahas karakteristik sumber daya manusia yang dibutuhkan dalam industri pariwisata. Materi pembelajaran mencakup pengertian pariwisata, asal mula perjalanan, dan perkembangan pariwisata sejak zaman purba hingga kedatangan bangsa Eropa.
This document discusses sustainable tourism and why it is necessary. It argues that tourism places pressure on environmental resources and without protection, tourism development will be weakened. All stakeholders, including governments, tourism businesses, and tourists, have a responsibility to practice sustainable tourism. This involves protecting the environment while developing tourism infrastructure, adopting environmentally-friendly practices, and educating tourists about minimizing their impacts. The document advocates for sustainable tourism in Sri Lanka to safeguard its natural resources and biodiversity that support the tourism industry.
The document discusses the challenge of overtourism, where destinations experience deteriorating quality of life and experiences due to too many visitors. It notes that managing tourism sustainability has been recognized for 20 years, and we now have the term "overtourism" to describe negatively impacted areas. Responsible tourism aims to make places better to live in and visit, prioritizing hosts over mass tourism. Overtourism results from the volume, behaviors, and impacts of tourists exceeding local capacity. Its causes include low travel costs, disintermediation, consumerism, public goods being overused as commons, and distribution strategies focusing on volumes. The tragedy of the commons concept explains how tourism freely rides on local resources without limits
This document defines sustainable tourism and sustainable development. Sustainable tourism is defined as managing resources to fulfill economic, social, and aesthetic needs while maintaining cultural integrity and ecological processes. Sustainable development meets present needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet their own needs. The principles of sustainable tourism include being ecologically sound, respecting local communities, and supporting local economic development. However, tourism is not automatically sustainable and its development must consider environmental, social, cultural, and economic impacts to avoid being dominated by elites and external agents at the expense of local communities.
ECOTOURISM is for protection of wild life and as well environment..it creates more opportunities to indigenous peoples,promoting ecotourism leads to employment opportunities,
This document discusses the development of creative tourism. It begins by looking at how creativity has become a response to challenges in cultural tourism through initiatives like iconic architecture and mega-events. It then examines how tourists are increasingly seeking authentic, distinctive experiences where they can actively participate in the local culture through activities like arts, crafts, and cooking. The definition of creative tourism as experiences that allow visitors to develop their creative skills while learning about the destination is provided. Finally, opportunities to increase creative tourism are discussed, like developing networks of producers and experiences, and linking a destination's distinctive features to broader networks.
Tourism development (TD) plays an important role in local economic development by connecting different economic sectors and industries. TD has positive influences on infrastructure, construction, banking, and contributes to LED by creating new jobs and infrastructure. A complete Tourism Satellite Account measures the goods and services of the tourism industry and its linkages and contributions to other industries, employment, and capital formation. TD can have a polarizing, inducing, or neutral effect on a region by directly or indirectly impacting social and economic development. The main economic benefits of TD include better balance of payments, increased tax revenue, support for small and medium businesses, increased employment, and stimulation of investment in local infrastructure.
Pemerintah daerah memainkan peran penting dalam mewujudkan pariwisata berkelanjutan melalui kebijakan dan perencanaannya. Namun, tantangan utama adalah bagaimana mengintegrasikan prinsip-prinsip pembangunan berkelanjutan ke dalam praktik. Kolaborasi dengan berbagai pemangku kepentingan juga diperlukan untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut.
The document discusses the environmental impacts of the hotel industry. It notes that hotels collectively consume huge amounts of resources and contribute to global CO2 emissions. The three main areas of environmental impact from hotels are energy use, water consumption, and waste generation. The document also outlines some best practices for hotels to reduce their environmental footprint, such as improving energy efficiency and promoting sustainable operations. It concludes that the hotel industry must continue transitioning to more environmentally-friendly practices.
Proposal penelitian ini membahas tentang ekonomi rumah tangga pedesaan dan peran wanita dalam masyarakat pertanian lahan pasir di Desa Srigading Sanden Bantul. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan kondisi ekonomi rumah tangga dan peran wanita dalam pertanian lahan pasir di desa tersebut.
Rethinking Authenticity In Tourist ExperienceZlamb
This document is a paper submitted by Zachary Lamb in partial fulfillment of a Master's degree. It examines the motivations of people who stay with strangers through hospitality networks like CouchSurfing and Airbnb. Through interviews with members, the paper finds that seeking authentic experiences is a primary motivation, contrary to some analyses that say authenticity is not relevant. It reviews different perspectives on authenticity in tourism literature. The paper suggests reinvigorating the concept of authenticity based on its findings that people do act with perceptions of authenticity in mind. It analyzes how intimate homestays with locals may provide the most authentic backstage experiences for some travelers seeking escape from rationalized modern life.
Ecotourism focuses on traveling responsibly to natural areas in a way that conserves the environment and helps local people. It can involve community tourism, where visitors stay with local people, or ecotourism, where the focus is on plants and animals. While ecotourism aims to minimize impacts and support conservation, education, human rights, and local communities, it faces challenges like confusion over definitions, unsustainable growth at some destinations, and potential negative impacts from tourism on environments and cultures.
Community Participation in the Tourism Development ProcessCevat Tosun
This document summarizes a study examining the expected nature of community participation in tourism development by different interest groups in Ürgüp, Cappadocia, Turkey. The study found that local people strongly supported spontaneous participation, while local bodies and central bodies supported more coercive or induced participation that maintains existing power structures. The private sector also supported less community participation. This reveals tensions between interest groups over how much control the local community should have in tourism development planning and decision making. More research is still needed to develop effective models for meaningful community participation.
Community-based tourism (CBT) involves local communities managing tourism resources to generate income while preserving their culture and environment. CBT projects promote community ownership, involve members in all aspects, improve quality of life, and distribute benefits fairly. Monitoring CBT helps evaluate performance over time, adapt activities, and ensure projects prioritize community needs. The monitoring process includes planning, identifying key issues, developing indicators, collecting and evaluating data, responding to results, and communicating findings to stakeholders.
Download luận văn đồ án tốt nghiệp ngành văn hóa du lịch với đề tài: Khai thác các giá trị của Chùa Ba Vàng (Uông Bí - Quảng Ninh) phục vụ phát triển du lịch văn hóa, cho các bạn tham khảo
SUSTAINABLE TOURISM AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTÄngel Rözi Rozi
This document discusses sustainable tourism and sustainable development. It defines sustainability as meeting present needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet their needs. Sustainable tourism considers environmental, social, cultural, and economic factors. The objectives of sustainable tourism include applying sustainable development principles to tourism by protecting natural resources, cultural heritage, and ensuring community benefits from tourism.
PENJELASAN RENCANA INDUK PEMBANGUNAN KEPARIWISATAAN NASIONAL TAHUN 2010 - 2025Anindya Kenyo Larasti
[Ringkasan]
1) Dokumen tersebut merupakan penjelasan atas Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 50 Tahun 2011 tentang Rencana Induk Pembangunan Kepariwisataan Nasional Tahun 2010-2025 yang mengatur tentang empat pilar pembangunan pariwisata nasional yaitu destinasi, pemasaran, industri, dan kelembagaan pariwisata; 2) Tujuan dikeluarkannya peraturan tersebut adalah untuk meningkatkan daya saing pariwisata Indonesia di tingkat regional
Bab 1 Karakteristik Sumber Daya Manusia Industri PariwisataNoersal Samad
Bab 1 membahas karakteristik sumber daya manusia yang dibutuhkan dalam industri pariwisata. Materi pembelajaran mencakup pengertian pariwisata, asal mula perjalanan, dan perkembangan pariwisata sejak zaman purba hingga kedatangan bangsa Eropa.
This document discusses sustainable tourism and why it is necessary. It argues that tourism places pressure on environmental resources and without protection, tourism development will be weakened. All stakeholders, including governments, tourism businesses, and tourists, have a responsibility to practice sustainable tourism. This involves protecting the environment while developing tourism infrastructure, adopting environmentally-friendly practices, and educating tourists about minimizing their impacts. The document advocates for sustainable tourism in Sri Lanka to safeguard its natural resources and biodiversity that support the tourism industry.
The document discusses the challenge of overtourism, where destinations experience deteriorating quality of life and experiences due to too many visitors. It notes that managing tourism sustainability has been recognized for 20 years, and we now have the term "overtourism" to describe negatively impacted areas. Responsible tourism aims to make places better to live in and visit, prioritizing hosts over mass tourism. Overtourism results from the volume, behaviors, and impacts of tourists exceeding local capacity. Its causes include low travel costs, disintermediation, consumerism, public goods being overused as commons, and distribution strategies focusing on volumes. The tragedy of the commons concept explains how tourism freely rides on local resources without limits
This document defines sustainable tourism and sustainable development. Sustainable tourism is defined as managing resources to fulfill economic, social, and aesthetic needs while maintaining cultural integrity and ecological processes. Sustainable development meets present needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet their own needs. The principles of sustainable tourism include being ecologically sound, respecting local communities, and supporting local economic development. However, tourism is not automatically sustainable and its development must consider environmental, social, cultural, and economic impacts to avoid being dominated by elites and external agents at the expense of local communities.
ECOTOURISM is for protection of wild life and as well environment..it creates more opportunities to indigenous peoples,promoting ecotourism leads to employment opportunities,
This document discusses the development of creative tourism. It begins by looking at how creativity has become a response to challenges in cultural tourism through initiatives like iconic architecture and mega-events. It then examines how tourists are increasingly seeking authentic, distinctive experiences where they can actively participate in the local culture through activities like arts, crafts, and cooking. The definition of creative tourism as experiences that allow visitors to develop their creative skills while learning about the destination is provided. Finally, opportunities to increase creative tourism are discussed, like developing networks of producers and experiences, and linking a destination's distinctive features to broader networks.
This document discusses distribution channels and systems in the tourism industry. It describes how tourism products move from producers to consumers through various intermediaries like travel agents, tour operators, and retailers. It outlines the key functions performed by members of distribution channels, including information gathering, promotion, negotiating agreements, and physical distribution of goods. Common distribution systems like direct distribution, indirect distribution, and chains involving multiple levels of intermediaries are examined. The roles of important intermediaries like tour operators and travel agents are also summarized. Finally, the impact of emerging technologies like the global distribution system, computer reservation systems, and the internet on the tourism distribution landscape are overviewed.
HOLLYWOOD and rise of cultural protectionismSELÇUK YÜCESOY
This document discusses the global film industry and the dominance of Hollywood. It notes that Hollywood films have faced some criticism for negatively impacting other cultures. Some key points made include:
- Hollywood films are very popular worldwide but foreign films have less than 1% of the US market share.
- Some argue Hollywood films can distort history, promote ethnocentric views, and spread American English and cultural references globally.
- Governments have tried to protect domestic film industries through subsidies and quotas to limit foreign films, but this may weaken local industries.
- Hollywood is now a multinational industry, though it still dominates global film revenues.
Robin Hood's organization grew rapidly but lacked strategy and planning for long-term sustainability. As the band grew larger, discipline decreased and food became scarce as revenues declined. Robin Hood needed to change his approach but lacked future plans.
BIM was very successful initially as Turkey's pioneer of hard discount retail but soon faced growing competition from larger companies. BIM's low costs became a weakness as competitors produced cheaper private label goods. BIM needed to improve product quality and variety to remain competitive.
Both Robin Hood and BIM experienced rapid early growth but then faced challenges due to a lack of long-term strategic planning and an inability to adapt their business models to changing competitive landscapes. Developing strategic plans and adapting their
The document discusses the Parthenon temple in Athens and its history and significance. It describes how the Parthenon was originally dedicated to the goddess Athena and represented symbols of wisdom, intelligence, and peace. Over time, the structure was used for different religious purposes, first as a church and later as a mosque under Ottoman rule. It experienced destruction during wars and its cultural importance remains as one of the most prominent temples from ancient Greece.
This document analyzes tourism in Eskisehir, Turkey. It provides current tourism demand statistics, details the city's accommodations, and identifies strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Key strengths include Eskisehir's history, culture and transportation access. Weaknesses include its image as an industrial city and lack of strategic marketing. The document proposes developing Eskisehir's brand as the "University City" or "Capital of Culture" and increasing tourism through improved promotion, infrastructure, regional coordination and education.
This document discusses energy and innovation. It defines energy as the ability to do work and notes that energy is what allows things to move. Various energy resources are described like hydraulic, solar, wind, and geothermal energies which are derived from water, sunlight, wind, and heat within the Earth. Innovation is defined as creating new technology or implementing existing technology in new fields to advance thinking. The innovation process and examples like the charge-coupled device and Hubble Space Telescope are provided. Factors that create an environment for innovation like entrepreneurs and marketing are outlined. The importance of teams and being open to unexpected results in innovation are also discussed. Statistics on energy resources and usage in Turkey and why Turkey needs innovation are presented. Benef
3. TURİZM
Turizm : Latince “Tornus” , “Dönme”
kelimesinden gelmektedir. İngilizcede kullanılan
“Tour” ve “Touring” kelimeleri buradan türemiştir.
Turizm; sürekli kalışa dönüşmemek ve gelir
getirici hiçbir uğraşıda bulunmamak şartı
ile, bireylerin geçici süreyle konaklamalarından
doğan ilişkin tümüdür (WTO).
3
4. Turizm Aktivitesi İçin Gerekli
Koşullar
Seyahatler sürekli yaşanılan yerin dışına olmalı
Para kazanma amacı olmamalı
Gidilen yerde en az 24 saat geçirilmeli ve
konaklama yapılmalı
Seyahatler geçici olmalı
4
5. Turist
Turist: Seyahat eden ve gittiği yerde en az 1
gece kalan kişiye “turist” denir.
Yabancı ziyaretçi: ülkeye yabancı bir ülkeden
gelen ve konaklama süresi 1 günden az yada
çok olan tüm yabacı kişilere denir.
Yabancı turist: gittiği ülkede en az 1 gün kalan
ve geceleme yapan kişiye denir.
5
6. Turist
Yerli turist: kendi ülkesi içinde turizm tanımına
göre seyahat eden ve 24 saatten faza
konaklayan kişidir.
Günübirlikçi: gittiği ülkede en az 24 saatten az
kalan ve geceleme yapmayan kişidir.
Seyahatçi: bir yerde 1 yada birden fazla yere
gitmek üzere yola çıkan kişidir
6
7. Turist ve Günübirlikçi Sayılmayanlar
Mülteciler
Yabancı diplomatlar
Konsolosluk temsilcileri
Yabancı askeri birlik mensupları
Ülkede yerleşmek, devamlı kalmak için gelen
kişiler
7
8. Bir
ülkede durmaksızın transit
geçenler, seyahatleri 24 saati aşsa
dahi turist olarak kabul edilmezler
Okullarda veya konaklama
kurumlarındaki üniversite öğrencileri
veya diğer gençler,
8
9. Seyahat
İlk seyahatlerin başlangıcı toplu yaşama
geçilmeyle birlikte başlamıştır. (M.Ö.3200)
• Fakat eski çağlardaki seyahat ile modern
çağdaki seyahat arasında pek çok fark
bulunmaktadır.
• Tekerleğin icadı seyahatleri daha cazip
hale getirmiştir bu gelişme turizmin miladı
sayılabilir (M.Ö. 3000).
•
9
11. Seyahatler sadece ticaret amacıyla
gerçekleşmemiştir
M.Ö Yunan’da düzenlenen olimpiyatlar
Romalılar döneminde yapılan kaplıcalar
Kutsal sayılan seyahatler
11
12.
Marko polo 1275 yılında Çin’ e seyahate çıkmış ve
tarihin en uzun seyahatini gerçekleştirmiştir. (20
yıl)
Pusulanın icadı (13,yy) seyahatleri daha kolay
hale getirmiş ve gezginleri deniz aşırı seyahatlere
sevk etmiştir.
14.yy da Rönesans'la birlikte seyahatler artık
kültürel hale gelmiş, bu seyahatler toplumun üst
kesimlerince daha çok ilgi çekmiş ve Avrupa'nın
önde gelen sanat merkezlerine “grand tour” lar
düzenlenmiştir.
12
13. İnsanları Seyahate Teşvik Eden
Nedenler
Motorlu araçların çoğalması
Kara yollarının gelişmesi
Refah düzeyinin artması
Turizm reklamları
Artan nüfus
13
14. Konforlu
araçlar ve ucuz yolculuklar
Konaklama işletmelerinin çeşitlenmesi
Doğa ile baş başa kalma isteği
Tatil ödemelerinde gerçekleştirilen
kolaylıklar
Çalışma saatlerindeki azalmalar
14
16. Eski çağlarda kaplıcalar çekim merkezi iken
günümüzde deniz kum güneş çekim merkezi olmuştur
Seyahat etme amaçları arasında eğitimin payı
yükselmektedir.
Gelişen ekonomi ile kongre turizmi sürekli olarak
gelişmektedir.
Bavul turizmi olarak adlandırılan seyahatler sn
dönemlerde artmıştır.
16
17. Rutin
iş yaşamı son yıllarda insanları
seyahate yönlendirmektedir.
Gelişmiş ülke vatandaşları egolarını
tatmin etmek için gelişmemiş ve
gelişmekte olan ülkelere seyahat edip
egolarını tatmin edebilmektedirler.
17
18. Turizm Tipleri
İş
Rekreasyon
• Kültürel
tur.
• Sportif tur.
• Avcılık
• Dost
akraba
ziyareti
• Festivaller
•
•
•
•
Sağlık
Kongre
Seminer
Toplantı
Fuar-sergi
• İklim
tedavisi
• Su tedavisi
• Deniz
banyosu
18
21. Seyahat Acentalarının Tarihi Gelişimi
M.Ö. 4000 de Sümerlerin tekerleğin icadı ile
seyahatler hız kazanmıştır.
M.Ö. 200 yılında yapılan han ve tavernalar o
yıllarda turizmin varlığına dair kanıt sunmaktadır.
M.Ö.700 yıllarında düzenlenen olimpiyatlar
turizm için önemli bir olaydır.
Ticaretin gelişmesi ve ipek yolunun baharat yolu
gibi yolların bulunması turizmin gelişmesine
neden olmuştur.
21
22.
Amerika’nın keşfi ve dünyanın dolaşılması
insanların seyahat isteklerini arttırmıştır.
Daha sonra buhar gücünün kullanılmaya
başlanmasıyla seyahatler kısalmış
dolayısıyla seyahat eden sayısı artmıştır.
1841 yılında Thomas Cook İngiltere’nin
Leicester kentine 20km. Uzaklıkta
düzenlenen düğün organizasyonuna 571
kişiyi tren ile götürmüş ve modern anlamda
ilk turizm hareketini başlatmıştır.
22
23. 2. Dünya Savaşı Sonrası Turizm
Turizm hızlı bir şekilde artmıştır. Daha
önce gemi, tren gibi ulaşım araçları
kullanılırken savaş sonrası karayolu ve
hava yolu taşımacılığı etkin bir şekilde
tur organizasyonlarda yer almıştır.
Charter uçuşlarla tur operatörlüğü
gündeme gelmeye başlamıştır.
23
24. Seyahat Sektöründe Yaşanan
Gelişmeler
Ulaştırma sektöründe yaşanan
gelişmeler
Seyahat endüstrisi ile en fazla iç içe olan
sektördür.kara,deniz,hava ve demir
yollarında yaşanan gelişmeler;
24
25. Karayolları
Bisikletlerin icadı otomobillerin alt
yapısını oluşturmaktadır.
1900 lü yılların başında ilk otobüs turları
devreye girmiştir.
Otobüs, otomobil ve karavanlar
günümüzde sıklıkla taşımacılıkta
kullanılmaktadır.
25
26. Denizyolu
Kıtalar arası yolculuklarda tercih
edilmektedir.
1838 yılında ilk denizaşırı sefer The
Sirius adlı buharlı gemiyle yapılmıştır.
1950 yılından sonra havacılık
sektöründeki gelişmeler nedeniyle
denizyoluna olan talep azalmaya
başlamıştır.
Son yıllarda yatçılık daha fazla öne çıkıp
yeni bir turizm alanı yaratmıştır.
26
27. Demiryolu
Thomas Cook ilk seferini demiryoluyla
gerçekleştirmiştir.
Avrupada demir yoluna özellikle büyük önem
verilmiş ancak 1920 den sonra büyük yatırım
gerektirdiği için işletmeciliğini devlet üstlenmiştir.
2.dünya savaşından sonra önemini yitirmiş ancak
1980 den sonra tekrar eski dönemine dönmeye
başlamıştır.
Özellikle Fransa ve Japonya neredeyse uçak
hızına yaklaşan lokomotifler devreye sokmuşlardır.
27
28. Havayolu
Havayolunun gelişmeye başlamasıyla
diğer ulaşım yolları önemini yitirmiştir.
Dönüm noktası 1927 yılında
gerçekleştirilen ilk kıtalararası yolculuktur.
1936 yılında yolcu taşımacılığı başlamış,
1958 yılında Boing firması ilk jet
uçaklarını piyasaya sunmuştur.
2. dünya savaşı sonrası atıl kalan
uçaklarla yolcu taşımacılığı daha da
artmıştır.
28
29. Teknolojik Gelişmelerin Seyahat
Sektörüne Etkisi
•
•
Bu gelişmeler ulaştırma araçlarına
kapasite ve hız artışı gibi katkılar
sağlamıştır.
Haberleşme alanında yaşanan gelişmeler
acentalar arası ve işletmeler arası iletişimi
kolaylaştırmıştır.
29
31. 2012 ilk 10 turist kabul eden
ülkeler
Fransa
83,00 (milyon)
Amerika
67,00
Çin
57,7
İspanya
57,7
İtalya
46,4
Türkiye
34,7
Almanya
30,4
İngiltere
29,3
Rusya
25,7
Malezya
25,0
31
32. Refah Düzeyinin Artması
Turizm hizmetlerini satın alan bir kişi
öncelikle birincil gereksinimlerini
karşılaması gerekmektedir.fizyolojik
gereksinimlerini karşılayamayan bir kimse
turizm ürünlerini satın alma eğiliminde
olmayacaktır.
Refah düzeyinin artmasıyla çalışma
koşullarının iyileşmesi, tatil günlerinin
uzaması gibi değişikliklerle bireyler arta
kalan zamanlarında turizm aktivitelerine
katılma fırsatı bulmuşlardır.
32
33. Turizmden En Fazla Gelir Elde
Eden Ülkeler
Amerika
126,6 (milyar dolar)
İspanya
55,9
Fransa
55,9
Çin
53,7
Makao
50
İtalya
43,7
Almanya
41,2
İngiltere
38,1
Hon Kong
36,4
Avustralya
32,1
Tayland
31,5
Türkiye
25,6
33
34. Turizme Yatırım Yapan İlk 10
Ülke
Çin
102 (milyar dolar)
Almanya
83,8
Amerika
83,5
İngiltere
52,3
Rusya
42,8
Fransa
37,2
Kanada
35,1
Japonya
27,9
Avustralya
27,6
İtalya
26,4
34
35. Türkiye'de Turizmin Gelişmesi
1846 da aya irini kilisesi askeri müzeye
dönüştürülmesiyle turizm hareketleri
başlamıştır.
1863 de Sultan Ahmet meydanında
açılan “sergi-i umumi-osmani” adlı sergi
ise önemli bir turizm hareketidir.
1982 de Pera Palas oteli Türkiye’de ilk
modern anlamda otel sayılmaktadır.
35
36. 1923 te kurulan Turing ve Otomobil Kurumu
cumhuriyet
döneminde
turizmin
kamulaştırılması adına atılan ilk adımdır.
1934 yılında kurulan Turizm Bürosu devlet
tarafından kurulan ilk turizm birimidir.
36
37. 1955 yılında İstanbul da açılan Hilton
oteli Türkiye de açılan ilk zincir
oteldir.yine bu yılda Turizm Bankası
yatırımlar yaparak veya krediler vererek
turizmin kalkınmasına yardımcı
olmuştur.
1983 yılında 2634 sayılı Turizm Teşvik
Kanunu çıkarıldıktan sonra Türkiye de
yatak kapasitesinde büyük adımlar
artmıştır.
37
38. Turizmde Yeni Eğilimler
2000 yılında tüm dünyada yaşanan
ekonomik durgunluk Türkiye de de
yaşanmış özellikle 2008 yılında turizm
sektöründe hissedilmiştir.2009 yılında
dünyada turizm geliri %3,8 azılmıştır.
38