Jet Propulsion: Recap, Intake, Types of compressor, and MoreJess Peters
Jet Propulsion: Recap, Intake, Types of compressor: Axial flow compressor and Centrifugal flow compressor.
After Burners
Air distribution in the Combustion Chamber.
Reverse Thrust
The gas turbine is an internal combustion engine that uses air as the working fluid. The engine extracts chemical energy from fuel and converts it to mechanical energy using the gaseous energy of the working fluid (air) to drive the engine and propeller, which, in turn, propel the aeroplane.
Jet Propulsion: Recap, Intake, Types of compressor, and MoreJess Peters
Jet Propulsion: Recap, Intake, Types of compressor: Axial flow compressor and Centrifugal flow compressor.
After Burners
Air distribution in the Combustion Chamber.
Reverse Thrust
The gas turbine is an internal combustion engine that uses air as the working fluid. The engine extracts chemical energy from fuel and converts it to mechanical energy using the gaseous energy of the working fluid (air) to drive the engine and propeller, which, in turn, propel the aeroplane.
A presentation taking the student through how a Jet Engine works, and the different types of Jet Engine available. Initially written to prepare Air Cadets for their Jet Engine exam.
The fuel system is designed to provide an uninterrupted flow of clean fuel from the fuel tanks to the engine. The fuel must be available to the engine under all conditions of engine power, altitude, attitude, and during all approved flight maneuvers . Fuel systems differ greatly from aircraft to aircraft due to the relative size and complexity of the aircraft in which they are installed.
This presentation give the total overview of aircraft tyre from manufacturing to storage to basic design criteria and selection of main wheel, nose wheel. This ppt gives brief view into manufacturing process, precaution in storage and types of wear occurring in tire
A presentation taking the student through how a Jet Engine works, and the different types of Jet Engine available. Initially written to prepare Air Cadets for their Jet Engine exam.
The fuel system is designed to provide an uninterrupted flow of clean fuel from the fuel tanks to the engine. The fuel must be available to the engine under all conditions of engine power, altitude, attitude, and during all approved flight maneuvers . Fuel systems differ greatly from aircraft to aircraft due to the relative size and complexity of the aircraft in which they are installed.
This presentation give the total overview of aircraft tyre from manufacturing to storage to basic design criteria and selection of main wheel, nose wheel. This ppt gives brief view into manufacturing process, precaution in storage and types of wear occurring in tire
This so called PPT for propulsion study for Shenyang Aerospace University. This PPT right protected by Dr. divinder K. Yadav. Its using in SAU by Lale. For all students of Aeronautical Engineering must memorize each & every words from this PPT. If you miss a single words you must fail in the Exam. Remember there is no chance to be creative or use sense you just need to use the power of memorizing.
study of jet engines & how they works
1.History of jet engine 2. Introduction 3. Parts of jet engine 4. How a get engine works 5. Types of jet engine (i) Ramjet (ii) Turbojet (iii) Turbofan (iv) Turboprop (v) Turbo shaft 6.Comparison of Turbo Jet 7.Jet engines Vs Rockets 8.Difficulties 9.Suggestion for improvement 10. Merit and Demerits 11. Jet engine uses 12.Conclusion 13.Future vision
A gas turbine, also called a combustion turbine, is a type of internal combustion engine. It has an upstream rotating compressor coupled toa downstream turbine, and a combustion chamber in-between. Energy is added to the gas stream in the combustor, where fuel is mixed with air and ignited. In the high-pressure environment of the combustor, combustion of the fuel increases the temperature. The products of the combustion are forced into the turbine section
Visit https://www.topicsforseminar.com to Download
Water Swirled Into Gas Turbine Technology - Combined Cycle + 14% over current in use ! A patent technology that is covered in an issued patent and a patent that is overdue for issuance. The situation now is a electrical generation with 14% more than most efficient current combine cycle gas turbine - steam boiler steam turbine efficiency. This efficiency is for generation not overall. Overall is greatly improved by the water swirled in to gas turbine technology being very close in efficiency of 1 to 500 MW therefore allowing for an electrical grid with far less transition losses. The aircraft engine aspect ( + 20% Trans - Atlantic and +30% a Regional aspect ) is getting to the attention of the big airplane manufacturers.
GAS TURBINE ENGINES CONSTRUCTION PART 1 - INLETNisarg Mistry
Preparing for EASA Mod.15 Gas turbine engines . Then avoid reading lengthy books here are my personal short notes and explanations and important topics for Mod.15 .
Critical Fan Cylinder Characteristics which affect the delivery of air to and through the Fan Assembly. It typically depends on Air Inlet, Fan Deck Opening, Structure of Fan Stack, Tip Clearance & Velocity Recovery from the Fan Stack
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
1. TURBINE ENGINE
Aircraft Gas Turbine Power plants by Otis
FAA 12A
Aircraft Gas Turbine Engine Technology by Treager
Aircraft Power plant by Kroes& Wild
The Jet Engine by Rolls-Royce
2. TURBINE ENGINE
Gas turbine engine are considered to be of two types:-
Gas turbine engine
Torque Producing
Engine
Thrust Producing
Engine
Turbojet
Engine
Turbofan
Engine
Turboprop
Engine
Turbo shaft
Engine
4. SECTIONS OF GAS TURBINE ENGINE
An aircraft gas turbine engine is divided into two sections:
Cold section
Hot section
The cold section contains:
Air Inlet Duct
Compressor
Diffuser
The hot section contains:
Combustor
Turbine
Exhaust
5. ENGINE STATION DESIGNATION
To standardize the locations in gas turbine engines, a
numbering system has been devised that allows a person to
identify a location by numbers.
7. NEED OF AIR INTAKE IN AN AIRCRAFT
• A widely used method to increase the thrust
generated by the aircraft engine is to increase
the air flow rate in the air intake by using
auxiliary air intake systems.
• The air flow enters the intake and is required
to reach the engine face with optimum levels
of total pressure and flow uniformity hence
need of an air intake system.
• Deceleration of airflow at high flight mach
numbers or aerodynamic compression with
help of air intake.
8. AIR INTAKE DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
• The air intake requires enormous effort properly to control
•
•
•
•
•
airflow to the engine.
The intake must be designed to provide the appropriate amount
of airflow required by the engine.
Furthermore this flow when leaving the intake section to enter the
compressor should be uniform stable and of high quality.
Good air intake design is therefore a prerequisite if installed
engine performance is to come close to performance figures
obtained at the static test bench.
The engine intake must be a low drag, light weight construction
,that is carefully and exactly manufactures.
These above conditions must be met not only during all phases of
flight but also on the ground with the aircraft at rest and the
engine demand maximum, thrust prior to take off
9. THE COLD SECTION
AIR INLET DUCTS
The air inlet duct is technically a part of the airframe, but
it is so important in the development of thrust that it is
included with the engine as a part of the clod section.
The air inlet duct must supply uniform flow of air to the
compressor so that it can operate stall free.
It must produce as little drag as possible.
If taken only a small obstruction to the air flow inside the
duct to cause a significant loss of efficiency.
Inlet cover must be installed to prevent damage or
corrosion in this vital area.
10. THE COLD SECTION
AIR INLET DUCTS
Air Inlet Ducts
Single Entrance
Duct
Divided Entrance
Duct
11. AIR INLET DUCTS
SINGLE ENTRANCE DUCT
Duct inlet is located directly
ahead of the engine and aircraft
in such a position that it scoops
undisturbed air.
It is either straight configuration
or with relatively genital
curvatures.
Due to long shape there is a
chance of pressure lost but that is
offset by smooth airflow
characteristic.
In multi engine installation a
short straight duct results
minimum pressure drop.
13. AIR INLET DUCTS
DIVIDED ENTRANCE DUCT
It is used in high speed, single
engine aircraft where pilot sits
low in the fuselage and close to
the nose.
This divided duct can be either a
wing root inlet or a scoop at each
side of fuselage.
Create huge amount of drag
15. THE COLD SECTION
AIR INLET DUCTS
Air Inlet Ducts
Subsonic Inlet Duct
Supersonic Inlet Duct
16. THE COLD SECTION
SUBSONIC AIR INLET DUCTS
The inlet duct is used in the multiengine subsonic aircraft is a fix
geometry duct whose diameter progressively increases from the front
to back. It is diverging duct and is also called an inlet diffuser
because of the effect, it has the effect on the pressure of the air
entering the engine.
As air enters the inlet at ambient pressure it beguns to defuse, or
spread out, and by the time it arrives at the inlet to the compressor
its pressure is slightly higher than the ambient pressure.
Usually the air diffuses in the front portion the duct and than it
progresses along at a fairly constant pressure passes the engine inlet
fairing and then into the compressor. This allows the engine to
receive the air with less turbulence and at a more uniform pressure.
20. AIR INLET DUCTS
TURBOPROP ENGINE
The propeller reduction gears are located at the front of the engine and
thus interfere with a smooth flow of air entering the compressor.
Generally 3 types of inlet duct is used:i) Ducted spinner inlet ii) Conical spinner inlet iii) Under scoop inlet
23. BELLMOUTH COMPRESSOR INLET
Bellmouth inlet are converging in shape, found primarily
on helicopter.
It provides an inlet with very thin boundary layers and
corresponding low pressure losses.
Actually duct lost is so slight that it is considered zero.
24. SUPERSONIC INLET DUCT
The air approaching the compressor inlet must always be at speed
below the speed of sound.
when an aircraft is flying at supersonic speed, the inlet air must be
slowed down to subsonic speed before it reaches the compressor. This
is done by :
Using a convergent-divergent or CD inlet duct
Raising a Wedge or Spike or Plug inlet
27. FLOW CONDITIONS OVER WEDGE AND CONE
In the design of supersonic air intakes flow conditions over
wedge and cone are of the greatest importance as these are
simple geometric bodies and relatively easy to manufacture.
28. COMPARISON OF SUPERSONIC FLOW
OVER CONE AND WEDGE
The major advantage of a (supersonic) conical flow is a smaller total pressure
loss (when compared to a wedge of the same half-angle), together with the
fact that a conical shock sustains lower mach numbers until it becomes
detached to form a high loss bow shock.
A major disadvantage of conical flows is that it is less tolerant to asymmetric
flow conditions which cause distortion to the intake flow. As combat aircraft
are frequently required to maneuver at higher angles of attack, the flow
inevitably gets asymmetric- hence a performance for the (horizontally
arranged) wedge in all modern combat aircraft, despite its reduced
efficiency.
31. EXAMPLES OF USE OFF OBLIQUE SHOCK
DIFFUSERS
Mirage ||| fighter with
side mounted obliqueshock diffuser
Two dimensional
oblique shock
diffuser (Northrop F5 with vertical ramp)
33. SUPERSONIC INLET DUCT
Inlet Buzz: The buzz is an airflow instability which occur when a shock wave is
alternately slowed and irregular flow occur at the inlet.
In increasing condition it can cause violent fluctuations in pressure
through the inlet, which occur when a shock wave is alternately
swallowed and regulate by the inlet.
This condition also cause damage to the inlet structure or possibly to
engine itself.
A suitable variable geometry duct is used to eliminate the buzz by
increasing of airflow within the inlet duct.
34. INTAKE CONFIGURATION AND
OPERATION
Present-day turbine aero engines require subsonic flow at the entry to
the compressor, even if the aircraft is flying at supersonic speed. The
task of air intake is therefore to decelerate the supersonic external
flow to a subsonic speed acceptable to the compressor. As intake
discharge mach number are required to be in range of mach 0.4 to
0.7 great care must be exercised when decelerating the flow in order
to keep total pressure losses to a minimum .
Normal shock diffuser
For aircraft operating at a maximum speed equivalent to mach 1.5 a
normal shock diffuser is generally sufficient to decelerate
the supersonic airflow efficiently to the speed needed by
the compressor.
35. NACA SUBMERGED INLET IN A EURO
FIGHTER
The NACA submerged type intake is not very efficient for use with propulsion
installations. However, they are frequently used as intakes of auxiliary
systems (auxiliary power unit, heating and avionics bay cooling) as seen in
Fig above
37. RAM RECOVERY
When a turbine engine is operated there is a negative
pressure in the inlet because of the high velocity of the
airflow. As the aircraft moves forward in the flight, air
rams in to the inlet duct and ram recovery takes place.
This ram pressure rise cancel the pressure drops due to
friction inside the duct and the inlet pressure return to
ambient. Ram recovery occur above about 160 miles/hrs
or 0.1 mach to 0.2 mach in most of the aircraft.
From this point the pressure continue to increases with
aircraft speed and additional thrust is created by the
engine with less expenditure of fuel.
39. BLOW-IN -DOOR
It is used to prevent compressor stall.
It is installed in the side of inlet duct and are spring loaded
to hold them closed.
But when the inlet pressure becomes a specified amount
lower than that of the ambient air, the pressure differential
forces then open and furnishes additional air to the
compressor inlet.