The document summarizes the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami. It describes how an earthquake off the coast of Sumatra, Indonesia caused a massive tsunami that severely impacted 14 countries around the Indian Ocean. Over 230,000 people were killed and infrastructure and economies were devastated, especially in Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India and Thailand. A large international humanitarian aid effort was mounted in response.
It includes the major disasters that have occurred in India right from 16th century right until 2014. The presentation includes pictures and relevant maps which show the vulnerability of various regions to natural calamities. The maps have been taken from natural disaster management site
It includes the major disasters that have occurred in India right from 16th century right until 2014. The presentation includes pictures and relevant maps which show the vulnerability of various regions to natural calamities. The maps have been taken from natural disaster management site
Over the past few decades, the increase in population and advances made in farming technology has increased the demand for crops and livestock from the agricultural industry. This growth in agricultural production has resulted in an increase in contaminants polluting soil and waterways.
Agriculture & environmental pollution_Dr Harikumar (The Kerala Environment Co...India Water Portal
This presentation by Dr Harikumar, Scientist, CWRDM made at the Kerala Environment Congress, Trivandrum organised by the Centre for Enviroment and Development provides information about the pollutants in the environmental sectors produced as a consequence of agricultural activities
Panchayat Season 3 - Official Trailer.pdfSuleman Rana
The dearest series "Panchayat" is set to make a victorious return with its third season, and the fervor is discernible. The authority trailer, delivered on May 28, guarantees one more enamoring venture through the country heartland of India.
Jitendra Kumar keeps on sparkling as Abhishek Tripathi, the city-reared engineer who ends up functioning as the secretary of the Panchayat office in the curious town of Phulera. His nuanced depiction of a young fellow exploring the difficulties of country life while endeavoring to adjust to his new environmental factors has earned far and wide recognition.
Neena Gupta and Raghubir Yadav return as Manju Devi and Brij Bhushan Dubey, separately. Their dynamic science and immaculate acting rejuvenate the hardships of town administration. Gupta's depiction of the town Pradhan with an ever-evolving outlook, matched with Yadav's carefully prepared exhibition, adds profundity and credibility to the story.
New Difficulties and Experiences
The trailer indicates new difficulties anticipating the characters, as Abhishek keeps on wrestling with his part in the town and his yearnings for a superior future. The series has reliably offset humor with social editorial, and Season 3 looks ready to dig much more profound into the intricacies of rustic organization and self-awareness.
Watchers can hope to see a greater amount of the enchanting and particular residents who have become fan top picks. Their connections and the one of a kind cut of-life situations give a reviving and interesting portrayal of provincial India, featuring the two its appeal and its difficulties.
A Mix of Humor and Heart
One of the signs of "Panchayat" is its capacity to mix humor with sincere narrating. The trailer features minutes that guarantee to convey giggles, as well as scenes that pull at the heartstrings. This equilibrium has been a critical calculate the show's prosperity, resounding with crowds across different socioeconomics.
Creation Greatness
The creation quality remaining parts first rate, with the beautiful setting of Phulera town filling in as a scenery that upgrades the narrating. The meticulousness in portraying provincial life, joined with sharp composition and solid exhibitions, guarantees that "Panchayat" keeps on hanging out in the packed web series scene.
Expectation and Delivery
As the delivery date draws near, expectation for "Panchayat" Season 3 is at a record-breaking high. The authority trailer has previously created critical buzz, with fans enthusiastically anticipating the continuation of Abhishek Tripathi's excursion and the new undertakings that lie ahead in Phulera.
All in all, the authority trailer for "Panchayat" Season 3 recommends that watchers are in for another drawing in and engaging ride. Yet again with its charming characters, convincing story, and ideal mix of humor and show, the new season is set to enamor crowds. Write in your schedules and prepare to get back to the endearing universe of "Panchayat."
From Slave to Scourge: The Existential Choice of Django Unchained. The Philos...Rodney Thomas Jr
#SSAPhilosophy #DjangoUnchained #DjangoFreeman #ExistentialPhilosophy #Freedom #Identity #Justice #Courage #Rebellion #Transformation
Welcome to SSA Philosophy, your ultimate destination for diving deep into the profound philosophies of iconic characters from video games, movies, and TV shows. In this episode, we explore the powerful journey and existential philosophy of Django Freeman from Quentin Tarantino’s masterful film, "Django Unchained," in our video titled, "From Slave to Scourge: The Existential Choice of Django Unchained. The Philosophy of Django Freeman!"
From Slave to Scourge: The Existential Choice of Django Unchained – The Philosophy of Django Freeman!
Join me as we delve into the existential philosophy of Django Freeman, uncovering the profound lessons and timeless wisdom his character offers. Through his story, we find inspiration in the power of choice, the quest for justice, and the courage to defy oppression. Django Freeman’s philosophy is a testament to the human spirit’s unyielding drive for freedom and justice.
Don’t forget to like, comment, and subscribe to SSA Philosophy for more in-depth explorations of the philosophies behind your favorite characters. Hit the notification bell to stay updated on our latest videos. Let’s discover the principles that shape these icons and the profound lessons they offer.
Django Freeman’s story is one of the most compelling narratives of transformation and empowerment in cinema. A former slave turned relentless bounty hunter, Django’s journey is not just a physical liberation but an existential quest for identity, justice, and retribution. This video delves into the core philosophical elements that define Django’s character and the profound choices he makes throughout his journey.
Link to video: https://youtu.be/GszqrXk38qk
Scandal! Teasers June 2024 on etv Forum.co.zaIsaac More
Monday, 3 June 2024
Episode 47
A friend is compelled to expose a manipulative scheme to prevent another from making a grave mistake. In a frantic bid to save Jojo, Phakamile agrees to a meeting that unbeknownst to her, will seal her fate.
Tuesday, 4 June 2024
Episode 48
A mother, with her son's best interests at heart, finds him unready to heed her advice. Motshabi finds herself in an unmanageable situation, sinking fast like in quicksand.
Wednesday, 5 June 2024
Episode 49
A woman fabricates a diabolical lie to cover up an indiscretion. Overwhelmed by guilt, she makes a spontaneous confession that could be devastating to another heart.
Thursday, 6 June 2024
Episode 50
Linda unwittingly discloses damning information. Nhlamulo and Vuvu try to guide their friend towards the right decision.
Friday, 7 June 2024
Episode 51
Jojo's life continues to spiral out of control. Dintle weaves a web of lies to conceal that she is not as successful as everyone believes.
Monday, 10 June 2024
Episode 52
A heated confrontation between lovers leads to a devastating admission of guilt. Dintle's desperation takes a new turn, leaving her with dwindling options.
Tuesday, 11 June 2024
Episode 53
Unable to resort to violence, Taps issues a verbal threat, leaving Mdala unsettled. A sister must explain her life choices to regain her brother's trust.
Wednesday, 12 June 2024
Episode 54
Winnie makes a very troubling discovery. Taps follows through on his threat, leaving a woman reeling. Layla, oblivious to the truth, offers an incentive.
Thursday, 13 June 2024
Episode 55
A nosy relative arrives just in time to thwart a man's fatal decision. Dintle manipulates Khanyi to tug at Mo's heartstrings and get what she wants.
Friday, 14 June 2024
Episode 56
Tlhogi is shocked by Mdala's reaction following the revelation of their indiscretion. Jojo is in disbelief when the punishment for his crime is revealed.
Monday, 17 June 2024
Episode 57
A woman reprimands another to stay in her lane, leading to a damning revelation. A man decides to leave his broken life behind.
Tuesday, 18 June 2024
Episode 58
Nhlamulo learns that due to his actions, his worst fears have come true. Caiphus' extravagant promises to suppliers get him into trouble with Ndu.
Wednesday, 19 June 2024
Episode 59
A woman manages to kill two birds with one stone. Business doom looms over Chillax. A sobering incident makes a woman realize how far she's fallen.
Thursday, 20 June 2024
Episode 60
Taps' offer to help Nhlamulo comes with hidden motives. Caiphus' new ideas for Chillax have MaHilda excited. A blast from the past recognizes Dintle, not for her newfound fame.
Friday, 21 June 2024
Episode 61
Taps is hungry for revenge and finds a rope to hang Mdala with. Chillax's new job opportunity elicits mixed reactions from the public. Roommates' initial meeting starts off on the wrong foot.
Monday, 24 June 2024
Episode 62
Taps seizes new information and recruits someone on the inside. Mary's new job
In the vast landscape of cinema, stories have been told, retold, and reimagined in countless ways. At the heart of this narrative evolution lies the concept of a "remake". A successful remake allows us to revisit cherished tales through a fresh lens, often reflecting a different era's perspective or harnessing the power of advanced technology. Yet, the question remains, what makes a remake successful? Today, we will delve deeper into this subject, identifying the key ingredients that contribute to the success of a remake.
Hollywood Actress - The 250 hottest galleryZsolt Nemeth
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Maximizing Your Streaming Experience with XCIPTV- Tips for 2024.pdfXtreame HDTV
In today’s digital age, streaming services have become an integral part of our entertainment lives. Among the myriad of options available, XCIPTV stands out as a premier choice for those seeking seamless, high-quality streaming. This comprehensive guide will delve into the features, benefits, and user experience of XCIPTV, illustrating why it is a top contender in the IPTV industry.
As a film director, I have always been awestruck by the magic of animation. Animation, a medium once considered solely for the amusement of children, has undergone a significant transformation over the years. Its evolution from a rudimentary form of entertainment to a sophisticated form of storytelling has stirred my creativity and expanded my vision, offering limitless possibilities in the realm of cinematic storytelling.
Meet Crazyjamjam - A TikTok Sensation | Blog EternalBlog Eternal
Crazyjamjam, the TikTok star everyone's talking about! Uncover her secrets to success, viral trends, and more in this exclusive feature on Blog Eternal.
Source: https://blogeternal.com/celebrity/crazyjamjam-leaks/
Tom Selleck Net Worth: A Comprehensive Analysisgreendigital
Over several decades, Tom Selleck, a name synonymous with charisma. From his iconic role as Thomas Magnum in the television series "Magnum, P.I." to his enduring presence in "Blue Bloods," Selleck has captivated audiences with his versatility and charm. As a result, "Tom Selleck net worth" has become a topic of great interest among fans. and financial enthusiasts alike. This article delves deep into Tom Selleck's wealth, exploring his career, assets, endorsements. and business ventures that contribute to his impressive economic standing.
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Early Life and Career Beginnings
The Foundation of Tom Selleck's Wealth
Born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, Tom Selleck grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. His journey towards building a large net worth began with humble origins. , Selleck pursued a business administration degree at the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. But, his interest shifted towards acting. leading him to study at the Hills Playhouse under Milton Katselas.
Minor roles in television and films marked Selleck's early career. He appeared in commercials and took on small parts in T.V. series such as "The Dating Game" and "Lancer." These initial steps, although modest. laid the groundwork for his future success and the growth of Tom Selleck net worth. Breakthrough with "Magnum, P.I."
The Role that Defined Tom Selleck's Career
Tom Selleck's breakthrough came with the role of Thomas Magnum in the CBS television series "Magnum, P.I." (1980-1988). This role made him a household name and boosted his net worth. The series' popularity resulted in Selleck earning large salaries. leading to financial stability and increased recognition in Hollywood.
"Magnum P.I." garnered high ratings and critical acclaim during its run. Selleck's portrayal of the charming and resourceful private investigator resonated with audiences. making him one of the most beloved television actors of the 1980s. The success of "Magnum P.I." played a pivotal role in shaping Tom Selleck net worth, establishing him as a major star.
Film Career and Diversification
Expanding Tom Selleck's Financial Portfolio
While "Magnum, P.I." was a cornerstone of Selleck's career, he did not limit himself to television. He ventured into films, further enhancing Tom Selleck net worth. His filmography includes notable movies such as "Three Men and a Baby" (1987). which became the highest-grossing film of the year, and its sequel, "Three Men and a Little Lady" (1990). These box office successes contributed to his wealth.
Selleck's versatility allowed him to transition between genres. from comedies like "Mr. Baseball" (1992) to westerns such as "Quigley Down Under" (1990). This diversification showcased his acting range. and provided many income streams, reinforcing Tom Selleck net worth.
Television Resurgence with "Blue Bloods"
Sustaining Wealth through Consistent Success
In 2010, Tom Selleck began starring as Frank Reagan i
Are the X-Men Marvel or DC An In-Depth Exploration.pdfXtreame HDTV
The world of comic books is vast and filled with iconic characters, gripping storylines, and legendary rivalries. Among the most famous groups of superheroes are the X-Men. Created in the early 1960s, the X-Men have become a cultural phenomenon, featuring in comics, animated series, and blockbuster movies. A common question among newcomers to the comic book world is: Are the X-Men Marvel or DC? This article delves into the history, creators, and significant moments of the X-Men to provide a comprehensive answer.
From the Editor's Desk: 115th Father's day Celebration - When we see Father's day in Hindu context, Nanda Baba is the most vivid figure which comes to the mind. Nanda Baba who was the foster father of Lord Krishna is known to provide love, care and affection to Lord Krishna and Balarama along with his wife Yashoda; Letter’s to the Editor: Mother's Day - Mother is a precious life for their children. Mother is life breath for her children. Mother's lap is the world happiness whose debt can never be paid.
Skeem Saam in June 2024 available on ForumIsaac More
Monday, June 3, 2024 - Episode 241: Sergeant Rathebe nabs a top scammer in Turfloop. Meikie is furious at her uncle's reaction to the truth about Ntswaki.
Tuesday, June 4, 2024 - Episode 242: Babeile uncovers the truth behind Rathebe’s latest actions. Leeto's announcement shocks his employees, and Ntswaki’s ordeal haunts her family.
Wednesday, June 5, 2024 - Episode 243: Rathebe blocks Babeile from investigating further. Melita warns Eunice to stay clear of Mr. Kgomo.
Thursday, June 6, 2024 - Episode 244: Tbose surrenders to the police while an intruder meddles in his affairs. Rathebe's secret mission faces a setback.
Friday, June 7, 2024 - Episode 245: Rathebe’s antics reach Kganyago. Tbose dodges a bullet, but a nightmare looms. Mr. Kgomo accuses Melita of witchcraft.
Monday, June 10, 2024 - Episode 246: Ntswaki struggles on her first day back at school. Babeile is stunned by Rathebe’s romance with Bullet Mabuza.
Tuesday, June 11, 2024 - Episode 247: An unexpected turn halts Rathebe’s investigation. The press discovers Mr. Kgomo’s affair with a young employee.
Wednesday, June 12, 2024 - Episode 248: Rathebe chases a criminal, resorting to gunfire. Turf High is rife with tension and transfer threats.
Thursday, June 13, 2024 - Episode 249: Rathebe traps Kganyago. John warns Toby to stop harassing Ntswaki.
Friday, June 14, 2024 - Episode 250: Babeile is cleared to investigate Rathebe. Melita gains Mr. Kgomo’s trust, and Jacobeth devises a financial solution.
Monday, June 17, 2024 - Episode 251: Rathebe feels the pressure as Babeile closes in. Mr. Kgomo and Eunice clash. Jacobeth risks her safety in pursuit of Kganyago.
Tuesday, June 18, 2024 - Episode 252: Bullet Mabuza retaliates against Jacobeth. Pitsi inadvertently reveals his parents’ plans. Nkosi is shocked by Khwezi’s decision on LJ’s future.
Wednesday, June 19, 2024 - Episode 253: Jacobeth is ensnared in deceit. Evelyn is stressed over Toby’s case, and Letetswe reveals shocking academic results.
Thursday, June 20, 2024 - Episode 254: Elizabeth learns Jacobeth is in Mpumalanga. Kganyago's past is exposed, and Lehasa discovers his son is in KZN.
Friday, June 21, 2024 - Episode 255: Elizabeth confirms Jacobeth’s dubious activities in Mpumalanga. Rathebe lies about her relationship with Bullet, and Jacobeth faces theft accusations.
Monday, June 24, 2024 - Episode 256: Rathebe spies on Kganyago. Lehasa plans to retrieve his son from KZN, fearing what awaits.
Tuesday, June 25, 2024 - Episode 257: MaNtuli fears for Kwaito’s safety in Mpumalanga. Mr. Kgomo and Melita reconcile.
Wednesday, June 26, 2024 - Episode 258: Kganyago makes a bold escape. Elizabeth receives a shocking message from Kwaito. Mrs. Khoza defends her husband against scam accusations.
Thursday, June 27, 2024 - Episode 259: Babeile's skillful arrest changes the game. Tbose and Kwaito face a hostage crisis.
Friday, June 28, 2024 - Episode 260: Two women face the reality of being scammed. Turf is rocked by breaking
3. I take this opportunity to express my thanks to my guide/
teacher Mrs. KUMUD TAWAR in preparing my report on disaster
management . It was their constant encouragement that led to
the completion of this report .
I thereby also like to give words of thanks to my friends who help
In this report .
4.
5. Disaster is a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a
society.
Disasters involve widespread human, material, economic or
environmental impacts, which exceed the ability of the affected
community or society to cope using its own resources.
Any disaster can interrupt essential services, such as health care,
electricity, water, sewage/garbage removal, transportation and
communications.
The interruption can seriously affect the health, social and economic
networks of local communities and countries.
Disasters have a major and long-lasting impact on people long after the
immediate effect has been mitigated.
Poorly planned relief activities can have a significant negative impact not
only on the disaster victims but also on donors and relief agencies.
So it is important that physical therapists join established programmes
rather than attempting individual efforts.
6. Four main types of disaster are:-
1. Natural disasters:-including floods, hurricanes,
earthquakes and volcano eruptions that have
immediate impacts on human health and secondary
impacts causing further death and suffering from (for
example) floods, landslides, fires, tsunamis.
2. Environmental emergencies:- including
technological or industrial accidents, usually involving
the production, use or transportation of hazardous
material, and occur where these materials are
produced, used or transported, and forest fires caused
by humans.
8. An earthquake (also known as
a quake, tremor or temblor) is the result of a sudden
release of energy in the earth’s crust that creates seismic
waves.
The seismicity , seismic activity of an area refers to the
frequency, type and size of earthquakes experienced over
a period of time.
Earthquakes are measured using observations
from seismometers.
The moment magnitude is the most common scale on
which earthquakes larger than approximately 5 are
reported for the entire globe.
The largest earthquakes in historic times have been of
magnitude slightly over 9, although there is no limit to
the possible magnitude.
9. The term tsunami comes from the Japanese,
composed of the two “ tsu ” means “ harbour " and
“ nami ”, means "wave".
Tsunami is a series of water waves caused by the
displacement of a large volume of a body of water,
generally an ocean or a large lake.
Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and
other underwater explosions (including detonations
of under water nuclear devices), landslides, glacier
calving's, meteorite impacts and other disturbances
above or below water all have the potential to
generate a tsunami.
10. the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was among the
deadliest and most published natural disasters in
human history with at least 290,000 people,
including tourists from all over the world killed or
missing in 14 countries bordering the Indian Ocean.
11. The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake was an under
sea mega thrust earthquake that occurred at
00:58:53 UTC on Sunday, 26 December 2004, with
an epicenter off the west coast of Sumatra,
Indonesia.
The quake itself is known by the scientific
community as the Sumatra–Andaman earthquake.
The resulting tsunami was given various names,
including the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, South
Asian tsunami, Indonesian tsunami, the Christmas
tsunami and the Boxing Day tsunami.
12. NOAA's tsunami travel time (TTT) map for the 2004
Indian Ocean tsunami. The TTT map calculates the
first-arrival travel times of the tsunami, following their
generation at the earthquake epicenter
13. Map contours represent :-
Red indicates 1-4 hour arrival times
Yellow indicates 5-6 hour arrival times
Green indicates 7-14 hour arrival times
Blue indicates 15-21 hour arrival times
Radar satellites recorded the heights of tsunami waves
in deep water: at two hours after the earthquake, the
maximum height was 60 centimeter (2 ft.). These are
the first such observations ever made
14. The earthquake was caused when the Indian Plate
was sub ducted by the Burma Plate and triggered a
series of devastating tsunamis along the coasts of
most landmasses bordering the Indian Ocean.
The Indian Plate is part of the great Indo-Australian
Plate, which underlies the Indian Ocean and Bay of
Bengal, and is drifting north-east at an average of 6
centimeters per year (2.4 inches per year).
The India Plate meets the Burma Plate at the Sunder
Trench.
15. At this point the India Plate sub ducts beneath the
Burma Plate, which carries the Nicobar Islands the
Andaman Islands, and northern Sumatra.
The India Plate sinks deeper and deeper beneath the
Burma Plate until the increasing temperature and
pressure drive volatiles out of the sub ducting plate.
These volatiles rise into the overlying plate causing
partial melting and the formation of magma.
The rising magma intrudes into the crust above and exits
the Earth's crust through volcanoes in the form of a
volcanic arc.
16. The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake came just three days
after a magnitude 8.1 earthquake in an uninhabited
region west of New Zealand's sub Antarctic Auckland
Islands, and north of Australia's Macquarie Island.
17. On the morning of December 26, 2004, at 7:59am local
Sumatra time (0:59am Greenwich mean time) an
earthquake occurred off the coast of Sumatra,
measuring 9.15 on the Richter scale.
The largest earthquake in four decades, it produced a
powerful tsunami that struck Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India
and Thailand particularly hard, killing about 227,000
people in 14 countries and leaving 2 million displaced
and 1.8 million homeless.
18. The hypocenter of the main earthquake was
approximately 160 km (100 mi) off the western coast of
northern Sumatra, in the Indian Ocean just north
of Simeulue island at a depth of 30 km (19 mi) below
mean sea level(initially reported as 10 km (6.2 mi)).
The northern section of the Sunda mega thrust
ruptured over a length of 1,300 km (810 mi).
The earthquake (followed by the tsunami) was felt
simultaneously in Bangladesh, India
,Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, Singapore and
the Maldives.
19. Splay faults, or secondary "pop up faults", caused long,
narrow parts of the sea floor to pop up in seconds.
This quickly elevated the height and increased the speed
of waves, causing the complete destruction of the
nearby Indonesian town of Lhoknga.
With a magnitude of Mw 9.1–9.3, it is the third largest
earthquake ever recorded on a seismograph.
The earthquake had the longest duration of faulting
ever observed, between 8.3 and 10 minutes.
It caused the entire planet to vibrate as much as 1
centimeter (0.4 inches) and triggered other earthquakes
as far away as Alaska.
20. Its epicenter was between Simeulue and mainland
Indonesia. The plight of the affected people and
countries prompted a worldwide humanitarian
response.
In all, the worldwide community donated more
than $14 billion (2004 US$) in humanitarian aid.
Countries affected by the 2004 Indian Ocean
earthquake
Indonesia (mainly in Aceh)
Sri Lanka
India (mostly in Tamil Nadu)
Thailand
Maldives
Somalia
21. Myanmar
Malaysia
Seychelles and others.
Many other countries, especially Australia and those in
Europe, had large numbers of citizens traveling in the
region on holiday. Sweden lost 543 citizens in the
disaster, while Germany had 539 identified victims.
22. According to the U.S. Geological Survey a total of
227,898 people died (see table below for details).
Measured in lives lost, this is one of the ten worst
earthquakes in recorded history, as well as the single
worst tsunami in history.
Indonesia was the worst affected area, with most death
toll estimates at around 170,000.However, another
report by Siti Fadilah Supari, the Indonesian Minister of
Health at the time, estimated the death total to be as
high as 220,000 in Indonesia alone, giving a total of
280,000 casualties.
23. The tsunami caused serious damage and deaths as far as
the east coast of Africa, eight people in South Africa died
due to abnormally high sea levels and waves.
Relief agencies reported that one-third of the dead
appeared to be children. This was a result of the high
proportion of children in the populations of many of the
affected regions and because children were the least
able to resist being overcome by the surging waters.
Oxfam went on to report that as many as four times
more women than men were killed in some regions
because they were waiting on the beach for the
fishermen to return and looking after their children in
the houses.
24. In addition to the large number of local residents, up to
9,000 foreign tourists (mostly Europeans) enjoying the
peak holiday travel season were among the dead or
missing, especially people from the Nordic countries.
The European nation hardest hit may have been Sweden,
whose death toll was 543.
Tsunami kills over 230,000 people in fourteen countries.
Most people were killed in the Indonesia and in India
people were killed in southern portion.
TABLE OF MISSING AND DEATH PEOPLE
25. Country
where
deaths
occurred
Confirmed Estimated Injured Missing Displaced
Indonesia 130,736 167,799 N/A 37,063 500,000+
Sri Lanka 35,322 35,322 21,411 N/A 516,150
India 12,405 18,045 N/A 5,640 647,599
Thailand 5,395 8,212 8,457 2,817 7000
Somalia 78 289 N/A N/A 5,000
Myanmar 61 400-600 45 200 3,200
Maldives 82 108 N/A 26 15,000+
Malaysia 68 75 299 6 5,000+
Tanzania 10 13 N/A N/A N/A
Seychelles 3 3 57 N/A 200
Bangladesh 2 2 N/A N/A N/A
South Africa 2 2 N/A N/A N/A
Yemen 2 2 N/A N/A N/A
Kenya 1 1 2 N/A N/A
TOTAL ~184,167 ~230,273 ~125,000 ~45,752 ~1.69 million
26. 1. Humanitarian response to the 2004 Indian Ocean
earthquake:-
A great deal of humanitarian aid was needed
because of widespread damage of the infrastructure,
shortages of food and water, and economic damage.
Epidemics were of special concern due to the high
population density and tropical climate of the
affected areas.
The main concern of humanitarian and government
agencies was to provide sanitation facilities and fresh
drinking water to contain the spread of diseases such
as cholera, diphtheria, dysentery, typhoid and hepat
itis A and B
27. There was also a great concern that the death toll could
increase as disease and hunger spread. However,
because of the initial quick response, this was
minimized.
In the days following the tsunami, significant effort was
spent in burying bodies hurriedly for fear of disease.
However, the public health risks may have been
exaggerated, and therefore this may not have been the
best way to allocate resources.
The World Food Programme provided food aid to more
than 1.3 million people affected by the tsunami.
28. A. Health risks from dead bodies:-
Nations all over the world provided over US$14 billion in
aid for damaged regions, with the governments of
following countries-
Australia pledging US$819.9 million (including a
US$760.6-million aid package for Indonesia)
Germany offering US$660 million
Japan offering US$500 million
Canada offering US$343 million
Norway and the Netherlands offering both US$183
million
the United States offering US$35 million initially
(increased to US$350 million), and
the World Bank offering US$250 million.
29. Also Italy offered US$95 million, increased later to
US$113 million of which US$42 million was donated by
the population using the SMS system.
According to USAID, the US has pledged additional
funds in long-term U.S. support to help the tsunami
victims rebuild their lives.
On 9 February 2005, President Bush asked Congress to
increase the U.S. commitment to a total of US$950
million.
Officials estimated that billions of dollars would be
needed. Bush also asked his father, former President
George H. W. Bush, and former President Bill Clinton to
lead a U.S. effort to provide private aid to the tsunami
victims.
30. The level of damage to the economy resulting from the
tsunami depends on the scale examined. While local
economies were devastated, the overall impact to the
national economies was minor.
The two main occupations affected by the tsunami
were fishing and tourism. The impact on coastal fishing
communities and the people living there, some of the
poorest in the region, has been devastating with high
losses of income earners as well as boats and fishing
gear.
In Sri Lanka artisanal fishery, where the use of fish
baskets, fishing traps, and spears are commonly used, is
31. In Sri Lanka artisanal fishery, where the use of fish
baskets, fishing traps, and spears are commonly used, is
an important source of fish for local markets; industrial
fishery is the major economic activity, providing direct
employment to about 250,000 people.
While the tsunami destroyed many of the boats vital to
Sri Lanka's fishing industry, it also created demand for
fiberglass reinforced plastic catamarans in boatyards of
Tamil Nadu. Since over 51,000 vessels were lost to the
tsunami, the industry boomed.
However, the huge demand has led to lower quality in
the process, and some important materials were
sacrificed to cut prices for those who were
impoverished by the tsunami.
32. But some economists believe that damage to the
affected national economies will be minor because
losses in the tourism and fishing industries are a
relatively small percentage of the GDP.
However, others caution that damage to infrastructure
is an overriding factor. In some areas drinking water
supplies and farm fields may have been contaminated
for years by salt water from the ocean.
Even though only costal regions were directly affected
by the waters of the tsunami, the indirect effects have
spread to inland provinces as well.
Since the media coverage of the event was so extensive,
many tourists cancelled vacations and trips to that part
of the world, even though their travel destinations may
not have been affected.
33. The Indian Ocean earthquake has caused an enormous
environmental impact that will affect the region for many
years to come.
It has been reported that severe damage has been
inflicted on ecosystems such as mangroves, coral reefs,
forests, coastal wetlands, vegetation,
sand dunes and rock formations, animal and
plant biodiversity and groundwater.
In addition, the spread of solid and liquid waste and
industrial chemicals, water pollution and the destruction
of sewage collectors and treatment plants threaten the
environment even further, in untold ways. The
environmental impact will take a long time and significant
resources to assess.
34. According to specialists, the main effect is being caused
by poisoning of the freshwater supplies and the soil
by saltwater infiltration and deposit of a salt layer over
arable land.
It has been reported that in the Maldives, 16 to 17 coral
reef atolls that were overcome by sea waves are
completely without fresh water and could be rendered
uninhabitable for decades.
It also causes the death of plants and important soil
micro-organisms. Thousands of rice, mango and banana
plantations in Sri Lanka were destroyed almost entirely
and will take years to recover. On the island's east coast,
the tsunami contaminated wells on which many villagers
relied for drinking water.
.
35. The Colombo-based International Water Management
Institute monitored the effects of saltwater and
concluded that the wells recovered to pre-tsunami
drinking water quality one and a half years after the
event.
IWMI developed protocols for cleaning wells
contaminated by saltwater; these were subsequently
officially endorsed by the World Health Organization as
part of its series of Emergency Guidelines.
UNEP ( United Nations Environment Programme)has
decided to earmark a US$1,000,000 emergency fund
and to establish a Task Force to respond to requests for
technical assistance from countries affected by the
tsunami.
36. In response to a request from the Maldivian
Government, the Australian Government sent ecological
experts to help restore marine environments and coral
reefs—the lifeblood of Maldivian tourism. Much of the
ecological expertise has been rendered from work with
the Great Barrier Reef, in Australia's northeastern
waters.
37.
38. Millions of people around the world live in areas at risk
for tsunamis, such as Japan, Hawaii, Alaska, Indonesia,
Sri Lanka, Thailand, and India. And millions more visit
these places every day.
Although a tsunami cannot be prevented, the effect of a
tsunami can be reduced through community tsunami
preparedness, timely warnings, and effective response.
The risk of Indian Ocean earthquakes and tsunamis
similar to the 2004 Sumatra disaster is greater than
previously thought, researchers say. British and Canadian
scientists said the risk in the western Indian Ocean of an
earthquake-caused tsunami that could threaten the
coastal areas of Pakistan, Iran, Oman, India and other
countries has been underestimated.
39. Learning from past disasters and being prepared as to
what actions to take during an event can help minimise
the impact on the loss of people and property.
A comprehensive approach to reducing disaster risk was
established by the UN General Assembly, through a
process which led to the Hyogo Framework for Action
for 2005-2015.
The framework was endorsed by 168 countries following
the Indian Ocean Tsunami. Its goal is “the substantial
reduction of disaster losses in lives and in the social,
economic and environmental assets of communities and
countries.” Its ten- year plan sets out what is required
from governments, multilateral organizations , regional
institutions, disaster experts, and many others to reduce
disaster loss.
40. Due to the complexity of emergency management,
Drabek and Hoetmer (1991) provided four phases for
comprehensive emergency management which “overlap
in practice but have specific individual goals”. The
phases are:
1. Mitigation: Activities performed to avoid or reduce the
disaster occurrence risk.
2. Preparedness: Efforts to lessen the impact of disasters
3. Response: Activities aiming to rescue, avoid property
damage, satisfy the immediate needs for survival
goods of the affected people, among others.
4. Recovery: Efforts oriented to return to the normal
conditions of the community.
41. From the articles of the news paper, TIMES OF INDIA,
THE HINDU , etc.
Book of DISASTER MANAGEMENT.
Guided by my teachers.
Help from my friends.
Contain taken from WIKIPEDIA.
THANKS