A tsunami is a series of waves caused by the displacement of the ocean, usually from earthquakes. Tsunamis can cross entire oceans very quickly, though they appear as an increase in water level rather than large breaking waves. The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was one of the deadliest, killing over 230,000 people across several countries. Rebuilding after such an event can take years, with temporary shelters, schools, and infrastructure being prioritized in impacted areas. Survivors often have harrowing tales of enduring the initial waves and subsequent days without supplies before being rescued.
A series of waves in a water body caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, generally in an ocean or a large lake. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other underwater explosions (including detonations, landslides, glacier calvings, meteorite impacts and other disturbances) above or below water all have the potential to generate a tsunami. Unlike normal ocean waves, which are generated by wind, or tides, which are generated by the gravitational pull of the Moon and the Sun, a tsunami is generated by the displacement of water by a large event.
A series of waves in a water body caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, generally in an ocean or a large lake. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other underwater explosions (including detonations, landslides, glacier calvings, meteorite impacts and other disturbances) above or below water all have the potential to generate a tsunami. Unlike normal ocean waves, which are generated by wind, or tides, which are generated by the gravitational pull of the Moon and the Sun, a tsunami is generated by the displacement of water by a large event.
A disaster is a serious disruption, occurring over a relatively short time, of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental loss and impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources.
Tsunami is a Japanese word Tsu means ‘harbour’ and nami means ‘wave’.
They are called tidal waves but they have actually nothing to do with the tides. However their appearance from shore is similar to rapidly rising or falling tides.
Tsunami is a series of wave created when water is moved very quickly.
Tsunami is gravity wave system, triggered by vertical disturbances in ocean. They are long waves sometime with hundreds of miles b/w their crests, just like the concentric waves generated by an object dropped into a pool.
First tsunami was recorded in 1480 B.C. in eastern Mediterranean, when the Minoan civilization was wiped out.
A large tsunami accompanied by the earthquake of Lisbon in 1755.
The Kutch earthquake of June 16, 1819 generated strong tsunami which submerged the coastal areas and damage to ships and country made boats of fishermen.
North and South American records have dated such
events back to 1788 for Alaska and 1562 for Chile. Records of Hawaiian tsunami go back to 1821.
Tsunami hits the Mona Passage off Puerto Rico in 1918, grand banks of Canada in 1929.
Assalam U Alikum!
In these slides, Tsunami is discussed. First, What is Tsunami then breif history of Tsunami, Characteristics of Tsunami, Terminology of Tsunami, How can you do preparations before, during and after Tsunami came.
I hope you like my slides. Stay tuned for more slides.
Jazak Allah!.
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...Open Access Research Paper
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs molecules having approximately 18-25 nucleotides, they are present in both plants and animals genomes. MiRNAs have diverse spatial expression patterns and regulate various developmental metabolisms, stress responses and other physiological processes. The dynamic gene expression playing major roles in phenotypic differences in organisms are believed to be controlled by miRNAs. Mutations in regions of regulatory factors, such as miRNA genes or transcription factors (TF) necessitated by dynamic environmental factors or pathogen infections, have tremendous effects on structure and expression of genes. The resultant novel gene products presents potential explanations for constant evolving desirable traits that have long been bred using conventional means, biotechnology or genetic engineering. Rice grain quality, yield, disease tolerance, climate-resilience and palatability properties are not exceptional to miRN Asmutations effects. There are new insights courtesy of high-throughput sequencing and improved proteomic techniques that organisms’ complexity and adaptations are highly contributed by miRNAs containing regulatory networks. This article aims to expound on how rice miRNAs could be driving evolution of traits and highlight the latest miRNA research progress. Moreover, the review accentuates miRNAs grey areas to be addressed and gives recommendations for further studies.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
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A disaster is a serious disruption, occurring over a relatively short time, of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental loss and impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources.
Tsunami is a Japanese word Tsu means ‘harbour’ and nami means ‘wave’.
They are called tidal waves but they have actually nothing to do with the tides. However their appearance from shore is similar to rapidly rising or falling tides.
Tsunami is a series of wave created when water is moved very quickly.
Tsunami is gravity wave system, triggered by vertical disturbances in ocean. They are long waves sometime with hundreds of miles b/w their crests, just like the concentric waves generated by an object dropped into a pool.
First tsunami was recorded in 1480 B.C. in eastern Mediterranean, when the Minoan civilization was wiped out.
A large tsunami accompanied by the earthquake of Lisbon in 1755.
The Kutch earthquake of June 16, 1819 generated strong tsunami which submerged the coastal areas and damage to ships and country made boats of fishermen.
North and South American records have dated such
events back to 1788 for Alaska and 1562 for Chile. Records of Hawaiian tsunami go back to 1821.
Tsunami hits the Mona Passage off Puerto Rico in 1918, grand banks of Canada in 1929.
Assalam U Alikum!
In these slides, Tsunami is discussed. First, What is Tsunami then breif history of Tsunami, Characteristics of Tsunami, Terminology of Tsunami, How can you do preparations before, during and after Tsunami came.
I hope you like my slides. Stay tuned for more slides.
Jazak Allah!.
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Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...Open Access Research Paper
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs molecules having approximately 18-25 nucleotides, they are present in both plants and animals genomes. MiRNAs have diverse spatial expression patterns and regulate various developmental metabolisms, stress responses and other physiological processes. The dynamic gene expression playing major roles in phenotypic differences in organisms are believed to be controlled by miRNAs. Mutations in regions of regulatory factors, such as miRNA genes or transcription factors (TF) necessitated by dynamic environmental factors or pathogen infections, have tremendous effects on structure and expression of genes. The resultant novel gene products presents potential explanations for constant evolving desirable traits that have long been bred using conventional means, biotechnology or genetic engineering. Rice grain quality, yield, disease tolerance, climate-resilience and palatability properties are not exceptional to miRN Asmutations effects. There are new insights courtesy of high-throughput sequencing and improved proteomic techniques that organisms’ complexity and adaptations are highly contributed by miRNAs containing regulatory networks. This article aims to expound on how rice miRNAs could be driving evolution of traits and highlight the latest miRNA research progress. Moreover, the review accentuates miRNAs grey areas to be addressed and gives recommendations for further studies.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
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Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
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Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
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Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
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info@kuddlelife.org
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Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
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2. WHAT IS A TSUNAMI
A tsunami is a series of extremely long waves caused by a large and sudden
displacement of the ocean , usually the result of an earthquake below or near
the ocean floor this force creates waves that radiate outward in all direction
away from their source , sometimes crossing entire ocean basins . Unlike wind
- driven waves , which only travel through the topmost layer of the ocean ,
tsunamis move through a entire water column from the ocean floor to the
ocean surface .
3. CAUSES OF TSUNAMI
• Tsunami are waves caused by sudden movement of the ocean
surface due to earthquakes, landslides on the sea floor, land slumping into the
ocean, large volcanic eruptions or meteorite impact in the ocean
• Tsunamis can be generated when the sea floor abruptly deforms and vertically
displaces the overlying water. Such large vertical movements of the earth's crust
can occur at plate boundaries
• A tsunami can be generated by any disturbance that rapidly displaces a large
mass of water, such as an earthquake, volcanic eruption, landslide or meteorite
impact.
4. HOW FAST AND BIG ARE TSUNAMI
• Large tsunamis can move across entire oceans. The speed of a tsunami depends on the depth of the
water it is traveling through. The deeper the water, the faster the tsunami. In the deep ocean, tsunamis
can move as fast as a jet plane, over 500 mph (800 km/h), and can cross entire oceans in less than a
day.
• In other places tsunamis have been known to surge vertically as high as 100 feet (30 meters). Most
tsunamis cause the sea to rise no more than 10 feet (3 meters). The Indian Ocean tsunami caused
waves as high as 30 feet (9 meters) in some places, according to news reports.
5. HOW OFTEN DO TSUNAMI OCCUR
• On the average, two tsunamis occur per year throughout the
world which inflict damage near the source. Approximately
every 15 years a destructive, ocean-wide occurs.
6. WHAT ARE SOME OF THE NATURES SIGNS OF
TSUNAMI
• The water level of the ocean / sea decreases and tsunami hits the shore .
• You may feel an earthquake .
• Everything around you will being to shake .
• You may hear some weird noises coming from the sea or ocean .
• The animals near you and even your pet will start barking without any
reason and will not go out of your home .
7. EFFECTS OF TSUNAMI
• People living in coastal regions, towns and villages have no time to escape. The violent force of the
tsunami results in instant death, most commonly by drowning. Buildings collapsing, electrocution, and
explosions from gas, damaged tanks and floating debris are another cause of death.
• Generally tsunamis arrive, not as giant breaking waves, but as a forceful rapid increase in water
levels that results in violent flooding. However, when tsunami waves become extremely large in
height, they savagely attack coastlines, causing devastating property damage and loss of life.
• Tsunamis not only destroy human life, but have a devastating effect on insects, animals, plants, and
natural resources. A tsunami changes the landscape. It uproots trees and plants and destroys animal
habitats such as nesting sites for birds.
8. PREPARATION FOR A TSUNAMI
• Check your house and land for any potential dangers related to flooding .
• Identify any vulnerability and repair it .
• Learn how to turn off the gas and electricity in your house . Local authorities may instruct you to shut these off .
• Do not store your important documents in the basement . Keep them at a higher level , protected from flood damage .
• Ensure that your family has an emergency kit and plan .
• Ensure the emergency kit is potable , in a back - pack or suitcase with wheels .
• Your local chapter of St . John Ambulance can teach you first aid and CPR . Your local Red Cross can teach you survival
techniques in the water through their swimming and boating courses
9. SURVIVING FOR A TSUNAMI
▪ First, protect yourself from an Earthquake.
▪ Get to high ground as far inland as possible.
▪ Be alert to signs of a tsunami, such as a sudden rise or draining of ocean waters.
▪ Listen to emergency information and alerts.
▪ Evacuate: DO NOT wait! .
▪ If you are in a boat, go out to sea.
10. WHAT SHOULD WE DO AFTER TSUNAMI
• Be prepared for aftershocks, which could generate another tsunami.
• Be aware of secondary effects.
• Only make calls if you require emergency services.
• Stay out of any building that has water around it.
• If you suspect your home is unsafe, do not enter.
11. WHAT HAPPENED IN THE TSUNAMI OF 26
DECEMBER 2004
• On December 26, 2004, at 7:59 am local time, an undersea earthquake with a magnitude of 9.1
struck off the coast of the Indonesian island of SumatraThe tsunami killed at least 225,000
people across a dozen countries, with Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, Maldives, and Thailand
sustaining massive damage.
• The Boxing Day tsunami in 2004 is believed to be the deadliest tsunami in history, killing more
than 230,000 people across 14 countries. It began at 7:59am local time on December 26, 2004,
when a 9.1-magnitude quake struck off the northern tip of Sumatra in Indonesia.
12. WHAT WAS DONE AFTER THE TSUNAMI OF 2004
AND HOW LONG DID IT TAKE TO REBUILT AFTER IT
• The relief camps were set up to give temporary shelter and food to the affected persons . For the
most part , public buildings ( e.g ., schools and colleges ) and government offices were used as relief
camp .
• It took 5 years to rebuild after the tsunami of 2004 . Individuals were back in homes they owned
,often on their original land , in communities with new school and in many cases improved
13. SURVIVAL STORY OF A TSUNAMI SURVIVOR
• Marthunis , 17 ,from Alue Naga village , Banda Aceh
That morning I was playing soccer with my friends. We ran home after the strong earthquake and after that I heard
a really loud noise , like an aeroplane . When I looked at the sea I saw something I had never seen before and I was
terrified . My family rushed into our minivan but the road was full with everyone trying to escape . The black wave
hit our minivan , turning us over several times before I blacked out . When I regained consciousness I was in the
water . Holding on to a school chair , I floated until I landed on a beach . I had no idea where I was and was so
hungry and thirsty . There were bodies and debris everywhere . Under a mangrove tree I saw a mattress had
washed up and I started searching for a packets of noodles and bottles of water , collecting them around my
mattress. After five days I didn’t have any water or food left . I survived there by myself until day 20. that’s when I
saw people coming to collect bodies . They rescued me and took me to Fakinah hospital where I found my father .
He told me my mother and sister had died in the tsunami .
14. SOME OF THE DOCUMENTARIES ON TSUNAMI
Tsunami Killer Wave Disaster Wars Earthquake Vs Tsunami Tidal Wave
The tsunami and the Cherry Surviving the Children of the
blossom Tsunami Tsunami
15. THANK YOU
Presented by
▪ JAY R YERADKAR
▪ ESHITA DAS
▪ DEVYANSH MISHRA
▪ PRATIKSHA BIRAJDAR
▪ HARSHITA SANDHU
▪ ADISHRI MAHOBIA
▪ MRUDULA SHELAR
