A tsunami is a series of waves caused by the displacement of the ocean, usually from earthquakes. Tsunamis can cross entire oceans very quickly, though they appear as an increase in water level rather than large breaking waves. The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was one of the deadliest, killing over 230,000 people across several countries. Rebuilding after such an event can take years, with temporary shelters, schools, and infrastructure being prioritized in impacted areas. Survivors often have harrowing tales of enduring the initial waves and subsequent days without supplies before being rescued.

1. TSUNAMI

2. WHAT IS A TSUNAMI
A tsunami is a series of extremely long waves caused by a large and sudden
displacement of the ocean , usually the result of an earthquake below or near
the ocean floor this force creates waves that radiate outward in all direction
away from their source , sometimes crossing entire ocean basins . Unlike wind
- driven waves , which only travel through the topmost layer of the ocean ,
tsunamis move through a entire water column from the ocean floor to the
ocean surface .

3. CAUSES OF TSUNAMI
• Tsunami are waves caused by sudden movement of the ocean
surface due to earthquakes, landslides on the sea floor, land slumping into the
ocean, large volcanic eruptions or meteorite impact in the ocean
• Tsunamis can be generated when the sea floor abruptly deforms and vertically
displaces the overlying water. Such large vertical movements of the earth's crust
can occur at plate boundaries
• A tsunami can be generated by any disturbance that rapidly displaces a large
mass of water, such as an earthquake, volcanic eruption, landslide or meteorite
impact.

4. HOW FAST AND BIG ARE TSUNAMI
• Large tsunamis can move across entire oceans. The speed of a tsunami depends on the depth of the
water it is traveling through. The deeper the water, the faster the tsunami. In the deep ocean, tsunamis
can move as fast as a jet plane, over 500 mph (800 km/h), and can cross entire oceans in less than a
day.
• In other places tsunamis have been known to surge vertically as high as 100 feet (30 meters). Most
tsunamis cause the sea to rise no more than 10 feet (3 meters). The Indian Ocean tsunami caused
waves as high as 30 feet (9 meters) in some places, according to news reports.

5. HOW OFTEN DO TSUNAMI OCCUR
• On the average, two tsunamis occur per year throughout the
world which inflict damage near the source. Approximately
every 15 years a destructive, ocean-wide occurs.

6. WHAT ARE SOME OF THE NATURES SIGNS OF
TSUNAMI
• The water level of the ocean / sea decreases and tsunami hits the shore .
• You may feel an earthquake .
• Everything around you will being to shake .
• You may hear some weird noises coming from the sea or ocean .
• The animals near you and even your pet will start barking without any
reason and will not go out of your home .

7. EFFECTS OF TSUNAMI
• People living in coastal regions, towns and villages have no time to escape. The violent force of the
tsunami results in instant death, most commonly by drowning. Buildings collapsing, electrocution, and
explosions from gas, damaged tanks and floating debris are another cause of death.
• Generally tsunamis arrive, not as giant breaking waves, but as a forceful rapid increase in water
levels that results in violent flooding. However, when tsunami waves become extremely large in
height, they savagely attack coastlines, causing devastating property damage and loss of life.
• Tsunamis not only destroy human life, but have a devastating effect on insects, animals, plants, and
natural resources. A tsunami changes the landscape. It uproots trees and plants and destroys animal
habitats such as nesting sites for birds.

8. PREPARATION FOR A TSUNAMI
• Check your house and land for any potential dangers related to flooding .
• Identify any vulnerability and repair it .
• Learn how to turn off the gas and electricity in your house . Local authorities may instruct you to shut these off .
• Do not store your important documents in the basement . Keep them at a higher level , protected from flood damage .
• Ensure that your family has an emergency kit and plan .
• Ensure the emergency kit is potable , in a back - pack or suitcase with wheels .
• Your local chapter of St . John Ambulance can teach you first aid and CPR . Your local Red Cross can teach you survival
techniques in the water through their swimming and boating courses

9. SURVIVING FOR A TSUNAMI
▪ First, protect yourself from an Earthquake.
▪ Get to high ground as far inland as possible.
▪ Be alert to signs of a tsunami, such as a sudden rise or draining of ocean waters.
▪ Listen to emergency information and alerts.
▪ Evacuate: DO NOT wait! .
▪ If you are in a boat, go out to sea.

10. WHAT SHOULD WE DO AFTER TSUNAMI
• Be prepared for aftershocks, which could generate another tsunami.
• Be aware of secondary effects.
• Only make calls if you require emergency services.
• Stay out of any building that has water around it.
• If you suspect your home is unsafe, do not enter.

11. WHAT HAPPENED IN THE TSUNAMI OF 26
DECEMBER 2004
• On December 26, 2004, at 7:59 am local time, an undersea earthquake with a magnitude of 9.1
struck off the coast of the Indonesian island of SumatraThe tsunami killed at least 225,000
people across a dozen countries, with Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, Maldives, and Thailand
sustaining massive damage.
• The Boxing Day tsunami in 2004 is believed to be the deadliest tsunami in history, killing more
than 230,000 people across 14 countries. It began at 7:59am local time on December 26, 2004,
when a 9.1-magnitude quake struck off the northern tip of Sumatra in Indonesia.

12. WHAT WAS DONE AFTER THE TSUNAMI OF 2004
AND HOW LONG DID IT TAKE TO REBUILT AFTER IT
• The relief camps were set up to give temporary shelter and food to the affected persons . For the
most part , public buildings ( e.g ., schools and colleges ) and government offices were used as relief
camp .
• It took 5 years to rebuild after the tsunami of 2004 . Individuals were back in homes they owned
,often on their original land , in communities with new school and in many cases improved

13. SURVIVAL STORY OF A TSUNAMI SURVIVOR
• Marthunis , 17 ,from Alue Naga village , Banda Aceh
That morning I was playing soccer with my friends. We ran home after the strong earthquake and after that I heard
a really loud noise , like an aeroplane . When I looked at the sea I saw something I had never seen before and I was
terrified . My family rushed into our minivan but the road was full with everyone trying to escape . The black wave
hit our minivan , turning us over several times before I blacked out . When I regained consciousness I was in the
water . Holding on to a school chair , I floated until I landed on a beach . I had no idea where I was and was so
hungry and thirsty . There were bodies and debris everywhere . Under a mangrove tree I saw a mattress had
washed up and I started searching for a packets of noodles and bottles of water , collecting them around my
mattress. After five days I didn’t have any water or food left . I survived there by myself until day 20. that’s when I
saw people coming to collect bodies . They rescued me and took me to Fakinah hospital where I found my father .
He told me my mother and sister had died in the tsunami .

14. SOME OF THE DOCUMENTARIES ON TSUNAMI
Tsunami Killer Wave Disaster Wars Earthquake Vs Tsunami Tidal Wave
The tsunami and the Cherry Surviving the Children of the
blossom Tsunami Tsunami

15. THANK YOU
Presented by
▪ JAY R YERADKAR
▪ ESHITA DAS
▪ DEVYANSH MISHRA
▪ PRATIKSHA BIRAJDAR
▪ HARSHITA SANDHU
▪ ADISHRI MAHOBIA
▪ MRUDULA SHELAR