Tsunami
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1) A tsunami is a series of waves created when large amounts of water are displaced, usually by underwater earthquakes or volcanic eruptions. 2) The 2004 Sumatran tsunami was caused by a magnitude 9.3 earthquake and killed over 225,000 people across 11 countries, making it the deadliest natural disaster on record. 3) Early warning systems were not in place in the Indian Ocean in 2004, but a 10-year old girl who had studied tsunamis recognized the signs and helped evacuate a beach, saving lives.
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The U.S. military conducted tests in the 1940s called Project Seal off the coasts of New Zealand and New Caledonia to test the feasibility of creating tsunamis with explosives. Over 3,700 bombs were detonated to try to create a 33 foot tall tsunami that could devastate a small coastal city. Researchers determined they could create a tsunami through precisely positioning 10 large offshore explosions. However, the documents note that creating a tsunami would require 2 million kilograms of explosives and careful placement of bombs in a line 5 miles offshore, making it an impractical military weapon.
Tsunamis
1) A tsunami is a series of waves created when large amounts of water are displaced, usually by underwater earthquakes or volcanic eruptions.
2) The 2004 Sumatran tsunami was caused by a magnitude 9.3 earthquake and killed over 225,000 people across 11 countries, making it the deadliest natural disaster on record.
3) Early warning systems were not in place in the Indian Ocean in 2004, but a 10-year old girl who had studied tsunamis recognized the signs and helped evacuate a beach, saving lives.
Tsunamis
Tsunamis are large sea waves caused by undersea disturbances like earthquakes, landslides, or volcanic eruptions. They are formed when energy from the disturbance travels through the water and causes waves at the surface. The two deadliest tsunamis in recent history were the 2004 Sumatra earthquake tsunami that killed over 200,000 people and the 2011 Tohoku earthquake tsunami in Japan that killed over 18,000 people. While tsunamis cannot be prevented, early detection systems and educating coastal communities on evacuation help minimize loss of life.
Manoj
The document discusses tsunamis, which are large sea waves caused by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides, or cosmic impacts. Tsunamis are among the most destructive natural disasters and can cause massive loss of life and property damage. The deadliest tsunami on record was the 2004 Christmas tsunami in the Indian Ocean, which killed an estimated 300,000 to 350,000 people after a 9.2 magnitude earthquake generated a series of large waves. Proper planning through early warning systems and evacuation of coastal areas can help reduce loss of life from future tsunamis.
Explanation by novi
Tsunamis are catastrophic ocean waves usually caused by underwater earthquakes or volcanic eruptions. As the waves enter shallow coastal waters, their speed decreases and wavelengths shorten, causing wave amplitudes to rapidly increase in height up to 30 meters. The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was particularly devastating, killing over 230,000 people across 14 countries after a massive earthquake near Indonesia generated waves. While most tsunamis are small, some earthquakes near tectonic plate boundaries can trigger highly destructive waves over 100 meters tall.
2004 Tsunami
1. The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami was caused by the rupture of the boundary between the India and Burma tectonic plates, which had built up seismic pressure over time.
2. When the plates ruptured, it released massive seismic energy that displaced water and caused towering tsunami waves that spread across the Indian Ocean.
3. The tsunami waves grew much larger as they reached shallow coastal waters, devastating many countries along the coasts of the Indian Ocean and killing over 250,000 people across 14 countries, making it one of the deadliest tsunamis in history.
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Tsunamis
1) A tsunami is a series of waves created when large amounts of water are displaced, usually by underwater earthquakes or volcanic eruptions.
2) The 2004 Sumatran tsunami was caused by a magnitude 9.3 earthquake and killed over 225,000 people across 11 countries, making it the deadliest natural disaster on record.
3) Early warning systems were not in place in the Indian Ocean in 2004, but a 10-year old girl who had studied tsunamis recognized the signs and helped evacuate a beach, saving lives.
Tsunamis
Tsunamis are large sea waves caused by undersea disturbances like earthquakes, landslides, or volcanic eruptions. They are formed when energy from the disturbance travels through the water and causes waves at the surface. The two deadliest tsunamis in recent history were the 2004 Sumatra earthquake tsunami that killed over 200,000 people and the 2011 Tohoku earthquake tsunami in Japan that killed over 18,000 people. While tsunamis cannot be prevented, early detection systems and educating coastal communities on evacuation help minimize loss of life.
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The document discusses tsunamis, which are large sea waves caused by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides, or cosmic impacts. Tsunamis are among the most destructive natural disasters and can cause massive loss of life and property damage. The deadliest tsunami on record was the 2004 Christmas tsunami in the Indian Ocean, which killed an estimated 300,000 to 350,000 people after a 9.2 magnitude earthquake generated a series of large waves. Proper planning through early warning systems and evacuation of coastal areas can help reduce loss of life from future tsunamis.
Explanation by novi
Tsunamis are catastrophic ocean waves usually caused by underwater earthquakes or volcanic eruptions. As the waves enter shallow coastal waters, their speed decreases and wavelengths shorten, causing wave amplitudes to rapidly increase in height up to 30 meters. The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was particularly devastating, killing over 230,000 people across 14 countries after a massive earthquake near Indonesia generated waves. While most tsunamis are small, some earthquakes near tectonic plate boundaries can trigger highly destructive waves over 100 meters tall.
2004 Tsunami
1. The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami was caused by the rupture of the boundary between the India and Burma tectonic plates, which had built up seismic pressure over time.
2. When the plates ruptured, it released massive seismic energy that displaced water and caused towering tsunami waves that spread across the Indian Ocean.
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Tsunami
1. Two overlapping tectonic plates in the Indian Ocean became stuck, accumulating seismic energy.
2. The plates ruptured, releasing this energy and causing a massive 9.3 magnitude earthquake.
3. This triggered a tsunami with waves as high as 50 feet that spread out from the epicenter.
4. Over a dozen countries were affected as the tsunami waves caused massive damage and over 250,000 deaths, making it one of the deadliest tsunamis in history.
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The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake caused a massive tsunami that devastated coastlines in Indonesia and 11 other countries. A 9.0 magnitude earthquake occurred off the coast of Sumatra on December 26, 2004, generating giant tsunami waves up to 124 feet high. Over 150,000 people were killed or reported missing as the tsunami destroyed coastal communities with waves reaching as far as the coasts of Africa. It was one of the deadliest natural disasters in recorded history.
2004 TSUNAMI
A tsunami is a giant wave caused by an undersea earthquake, volcanic eruption, or landslide. Tsunamis are often mislabeled as tidal waves but are actually unrelated to tides. The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami that killed over 200,000 people was caused by a massive 9.0 magnitude earthquake off the coast of Sumatra that shifted tectonic plates and displaced rock, generating huge waves that destroyed communities across East Africa and Southeast Asia within hours.
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The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake was caused by subduction along the boundary between the India and Burma tectonic plates. As the India plate slid under the Burma plate, it displaced a massive amount of water and triggered devastating tsunamis across the Indian Ocean. There were no early warning systems in place in the Indian Ocean like in the Pacific, so the tsunamis came as a surprise to most areas. However, some communities like Simeulue Island were able to evacuate after recognizing the signs of an impending tsunami from local knowledge passed down over generations.
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Tsunami is a Japanese word Tsu means ‘harbour’ and nami means ‘wave’.
They are called tidal waves but they have actually nothing to do with the tides. However their appearance from shore is similar to rapidly rising or falling tides.
Tsunami is a series of wave created when water is moved very quickly.
Tsunami is gravity wave system, triggered by vertical disturbances in ocean. They are long waves sometime with hundreds of miles b/w their crests, just like the concentric waves generated by an object dropped into a pool.
First tsunami was recorded in 1480 B.C. in eastern Mediterranean, when the Minoan civilization was wiped out.
A large tsunami accompanied by the earthquake of Lisbon in 1755.
The Kutch earthquake of June 16, 1819 generated strong tsunami which submerged the coastal areas and damage to ships and country made boats of fishermen.
North and South American records have dated such
events back to 1788 for Alaska and 1562 for Chile. Records of Hawaiian tsunami go back to 1821.
Tsunami hits the Mona Passage off Puerto Rico in 1918, grand banks of Canada in 1929.
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The document summarizes the 2004 tsunami that struck northern Sumatra. It describes how the tsunami was caused by an earthquake at the collision boundary between the Indo-Australian and Eurasian tectonic plates. While scientists were aware of the seismic risk, there was no warning system in place to detect and communicate a potential tsunami to the affected coastal communities. The tsunami devastated the region and its victims.
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The document provides information about tsunamis, including what causes them, how they behave in deep ocean versus shallow coastal waters, examples of destructive past tsunamis, and tips for preparing for tsunamis. It discusses how tsunamis are formed by earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions and other events. It also explains that while tsunamis have long wavelengths and travel fast in deep ocean, they slow down and grow taller as they reach shallow coastal waters, potentially reaching over 100 feet high. Examples of destructive tsunamis discussed include those in Hawaii in 1975 and 1960, Alaska in 1964, Chile in 1960, and Peru in 1996.
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The largest tsunami on record was triggered by a 9.15 magnitude earthquake under the Indian Ocean on December 26, 2004. The tsunami waves reached heights of up to 49 feet and caused catastrophic damage across multiple countries in Southeast Asia and East Africa. Over 310,000 people lost their lives or were injured across Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, Thailand and other nations impacted by the devastating waves. The earthquake and resulting tsunami are considered one of the deadliest natural disasters in history.
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The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake was a 9.1-9.3 magnitude earthquake that triggered a series of devastating tsunamis. It killed over 225,000 people across 11 countries, with Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, and Thailand impacted most severely. Waves as high as 30 meters inundated coastal communities. It was one of the deadliest natural disasters in history and caused global seismic effects.
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Droughts can have severe consequences, as seen in 2003 when 20 million people lacked food during a drought in Ethiopia. There are three main types of drought: meteorological, agricultural, and hydrological. Droughts are caused by factors like high pressure systems that reduce rainfall, oceanic/atmospheric weather cycles like ENSO, and human activities such as poor farming practices.
Tsunami
1. Two overlapping tectonic plates in the Indian Ocean became stuck, accumulating seismic energy.
2. The plates ruptured, releasing this energy and causing a massive 9.3 magnitude earthquake.
3. This triggered a tsunami with waves as high as 50 feet that spread out from the epicenter.
4. Over a dozen countries were affected as the tsunami waves caused massive damage and over 250,000 deaths, making it one of the deadliest tsunamis in history.
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The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake caused a massive tsunami that devastated coastlines in Indonesia and 11 other countries. A 9.0 magnitude earthquake occurred off the coast of Sumatra on December 26, 2004, generating giant tsunami waves up to 124 feet high. Over 150,000 people were killed or reported missing as the tsunami destroyed coastal communities with waves reaching as far as the coasts of Africa. It was one of the deadliest natural disasters in recorded history.
2004 TSUNAMI
A tsunami is a giant wave caused by an undersea earthquake, volcanic eruption, or landslide. Tsunamis are often mislabeled as tidal waves but are actually unrelated to tides. The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami that killed over 200,000 people was caused by a massive 9.0 magnitude earthquake off the coast of Sumatra that shifted tectonic plates and displaced rock, generating huge waves that destroyed communities across East Africa and Southeast Asia within hours.
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The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake was caused by subduction along the boundary between the India and Burma tectonic plates. As the India plate slid under the Burma plate, it displaced a massive amount of water and triggered devastating tsunamis across the Indian Ocean. There were no early warning systems in place in the Indian Ocean like in the Pacific, so the tsunamis came as a surprise to most areas. However, some communities like Simeulue Island were able to evacuate after recognizing the signs of an impending tsunami from local knowledge passed down over generations.
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The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake occurred off the coast of Sumatra, Indonesia on December 26th at 00:58:53 UTC. It was the second largest earthquake ever recorded with a magnitude of 9.3. Areas most affected were Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, and Thailand. The earthquake generated massive tsunami waves up to 30 meters high that caused widespread damage and loss of life along coastlines throughout the Indian Ocean region. Over 230,000 people lost their lives.
Tsunami
A tsunami is a series of large ocean waves caused by earthquakes, landslides, or volcanic eruptions under the sea. When these events displace large volumes of water rapidly, they generate tsunami waves that can travel vast distances across the ocean at speeds over 800 km/h. Though often small in deep water, tsunamis grow dramatically in height - up to 30 meters - as they reach shallow coastal waters, being able to destroy coastal villages and cities. The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was particularly devastating, killing over 150,000 people across 11 countries when earthquake forces built up over centuries were suddenly released on December 26th, unleashing killer waves across the Indian Ocean.
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Tsunami is a Japanese word Tsu means ‘harbour’ and nami means ‘wave’.
They are called tidal waves but they have actually nothing to do with the tides. However their appearance from shore is similar to rapidly rising or falling tides.
Tsunami is a series of wave created when water is moved very quickly.
Tsunami is gravity wave system, triggered by vertical disturbances in ocean. They are long waves sometime with hundreds of miles b/w their crests, just like the concentric waves generated by an object dropped into a pool.
First tsunami was recorded in 1480 B.C. in eastern Mediterranean, when the Minoan civilization was wiped out.
A large tsunami accompanied by the earthquake of Lisbon in 1755.
The Kutch earthquake of June 16, 1819 generated strong tsunami which submerged the coastal areas and damage to ships and country made boats of fishermen.
North and South American records have dated such
events back to 1788 for Alaska and 1562 for Chile. Records of Hawaiian tsunami go back to 1821.
Tsunami hits the Mona Passage off Puerto Rico in 1918, grand banks of Canada in 1929.
Tsunami 26th December 2004 In Sumatra
The document summarizes the 2004 tsunami that struck northern Sumatra. It describes how the tsunami was caused by an earthquake at the collision boundary between the Indo-Australian and Eurasian tectonic plates. While scientists were aware of the seismic risk, there was no warning system in place to detect and communicate a potential tsunami to the affected coastal communities. The tsunami devastated the region and its victims.
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PEER REVIEW Page 7
ROUGH DRAFT
A few minutes of intense shaking, followed by a devastating tsunami, producing widespread destruction. FEMA's best-case scenario, 13,000 people will lose their lives, (Schultz, 2015). The question is not if it's going to happen, it's when. The countdown to catastrophe is on for the Pacific Northwest. We're talking about the Cascadia Subduction Zone. Throughout this paper, I will discuss the who, what, where, when, and how this overdue megaquake will strike.
The Cascadia subduction zone is a 620-mile-long crack in the earth's crust. It is in the pacific northwest where the North American tectonic plate meets the Juan de Fuca plate, (Tarbuck, Lutgens, Tasa, 2017). Tectonic plates are pieces of crust that move across the earth's surface over millions of years, (Oskin, 2015). The subduction zone is where two tectonic plates meet. One eventually bends underneath the other, which is what we see in the North Pacific. The Juan de Fuca plate is sliding under the weaker, North American plate. Eventually, the North American plate will buckle, result in a devastating earthquake, followed by massive Tsunami.
Subduction zones are found all along the edge of the Pacific in what is called, "The ring of fire." Off the coasts of Washington, Canada, Alaska, Russia, and Indonesia birthed the most devastating earthquakes, tsunamis and volcanic eruptions in history, (Oskin, 2015). The bigger the subduction zone, the higher magnitude of the earthquake. A subduction zone earthquake with a magnitude of 7.5 or greater will likely produce a tsunami. The Cascadia subduction zone is a big one. It runs 620 miles long and 62 miles wide. It has all the ingredients necessary to produce massive devastation.
So how do we know that the Pacific Northwest is in danger? Tsunamis are a direct result of an earthquake, volcanic eruption or a massive landslide. The once dubbed, "Orphan Tsunami," hit the eastern coast of Japan on January 27th, 1700, (Atwater et al., 2015). The year 1700 in the Pacific Northwest was considered prehistory, meaning there were no written records of events. Japan, on the other hand, have produced numerous ancient writings of stories that told of flooded fields, wrecked houses, fire, a shipwreck, and evacuations. The Japanese knew that tsunamis were a result of an earthquake, and because they didn't feel any shaking prior, they called the event a high tide. At the time, it wasn't known that tsunamis could occur from earthquakes that happened from faraway lands. Outsiders of Northwestern North America scarcely knew of its existence. At that time, leading European geographers left that part of the map blank. So, for this mystery, the Japanese didn't even know the Pacific Northwest existed, much less that it had produced the earthquake that generated the tsunami, (Atwater et al., 2015).
The Chilean earthquake that struck on May 22, 1960, generated a tsunami that surged a ...
Tsunamis
Tsunamis are powerful waves caused by earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions, or meteor impacts under water. They travel across the ocean at speeds up to a jet plane and can devastate coastal areas. Some warning signs of an approaching tsunami include strong shaking from local earthquakes, receding water exposing the ocean floor, and a loud roaring sound. The largest tsunamis on record were caused by the 2004 Sumatra earthquake and tsunami in Indonesia that killed over 230,000 people and the 1883 Krakatoa volcanic eruption that drowned 36,000 in Indonesia. Tsunamis can be measured by ocean buoys that detect changes in water pressure and seismic activity.
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