TRIZ is a systematic approach to innovation and problem solving developed by Genrich Altshuller. It involves analyzing problems using contradictions, looking for analogous solutions in patents, and applying 40 inventive principles. The goal is to direct the problem solver to the ideal solution by overcoming psychological inertia and accessing the body of inventive knowledge. TRIZ has been used by companies like Ford, GM, Xerox and others to drive innovation in their processes and products.