The document provides specifications for copper tube crimping lugs for connecting copper conductors. It includes a table with specifications for various lugs, including the diameter and length of the stud and barrel, recommended crimping tools, and packaging quantities. The lugs are made of annealed electrolytic copper tube to provide efficient conductivity while resisting vibration and pull-out. They have an inspection hole and barrel length designed for accurate crimping. Lugs are tin-plated to prevent oxidation and suitable for power-carrying applications.
The document appears to be a presentation about Schneider Electric's Blokset low voltage equipment. It provides an overview of Blokset, including its applications in markets like industry, infrastructure, and buildings. It discusses Blokset's safety features and compliance with standards, its performance capabilities up to 6300A, and its product range including type D, Dc, Ms, Mf, and MW switchboards. It also briefly mentions Blokset's communication tools, Schneider's international offer structure and presence, and some example projects involving Blokset.
This document discusses several types of circuit breakers: MCB, MCCB, ACB, VCB, RCD/RCCB, ELCB, and RCBO. It provides the key characteristics of each type of breaker, including their typical rated currents, trip characteristics, operations, and applications. The key difference between ELCB and RCCB is explained, with RCCB now being the preferred type as it can detect earth faults without requiring an earth connection. Factors in selecting the right MCB type are also outlined.
This document summarizes techniques for partial discharge (PD) measurements on transformers. It discusses PD detection systems using electrical, acoustic, and UHF signals. Typical PD patterns are presented that can help identify different types of PD sources. Procedures are provided for PD measurements in laboratories and on-site, including characterizing the transformer, localizing PD sources using different signals, and a recommended multi-step process for solving PD problems. The document concludes that while measurement techniques have improved, unambiguous identification of dangerous PD sources remains an ongoing challenge requiring further research.
This document provides information on underground power cables. It discusses the construction of underground cables including conductors, insulation materials like rubber, paper and PVC. It classifies cables based on voltage level and describes common cable types used for different voltages like screened and pressure cables. It also discusses cable insulation materials, laying of cables, types of cable faults and compares underground and overhead power systems.
Underground cables have several advantages over overhead cables including better appearance, reduced damage from external factors like storms and lighting, lower maintenance costs, and fewer faults. Underground cables consist of one or more insulated conductors surrounded by protective layers. Key components include the conductor, insulation like paper or rubber, a metallic sheath, bedding, armor for protection, and an outer serving. Different types are used for various voltage applications up to extra high voltage cables over 33kV. Selection depends on factors like the number of cores needed, insulation material, and whether solid or pressure cables are required.
Cable sizing to withstand short-circuit current - ExampleLeonardo ENERGY
This document provides an example calculation of short circuit current for a power cable network. It first outlines the main design criteria for rating cable withstand for short circuit stresses. It then describes four methods for calculating short circuit current - ohmic, infinite bus, per unit and MVA methods. The example focuses on using the MVA method, providing equations and steps for calculating the equivalent short circuit power at different points in the network and converting this to a symmetrical fault current value. Resistances and reactances of cable sections are also included.
MO SURGE ARRESTERS - METAL OXIDE RESISTORS AND SURGE ARRESTERS FOR EMERGING S...Power System Operation
MO SURGE ARRESTERS -
METAL OXIDE RESISTORS
AND SURGE ARRESTERS
FOR EMERGING SYSTEM CONDITIONS METAL OXIDE RESISTORS AND SURGE ARRESTERS FOR EMERGING SYSTEM CONDITIONS METAL OXIDE RESISTORS AND SURGE ARRESTERS FOR EMERGING SYSTEM CONDITIONS METAL OXIDE RESISTORS AND SURGE ARRESTERS FOR EMERGING SYSTEM CONDITIONS METAL OXIDE RESISTORS AND SURGE ARRESTERS FOR EMERGING SYSTEM CONDITIONS METAL OXIDE RESISTORS AND SURGE ARRESTERS FOR EMERGING SYSTEM CONDITIONS METAL OXIDE RESISTORS AND SURGE ARRESTERS FOR EMERGING SYSTEM CONDITIONS METAL OXIDE RESISTORS AND SURGE ARRESTERS FOR EMERGING SYSTEM CONDITIONS METAL OXIDE RESISTORS AND SURGE ARRESTERS FOR EMERGING SYSTEM CONDITIONS METAL OXIDE RESISTORS AND SURGE ARRESTERS FOR EMERGING SYSTEM CONDITIONS METAL OXIDE RESISTORS AND SURGE ARRESTERS FOR EMERGING SYSTEM CONDITIONS METAL OXIDE RESISTORS AND SURGE ARRESTERS FOR EMERGING SYSTEM CONDITIONS METAL OXIDE RESISTORS AND SURGE ARRESTERS FOR EMERGING SYSTEM CONDITIONS METAL OXIDE RESISTORS AND SURGE ARRESTERS FOR EMERGING SYSTEM CONDITIONS METAL OXIDE RESISTORS AND SURGE ARRESTERS FOR EMERGING SYSTEM CONDITIONS
The document provides specifications for copper tube crimping lugs for connecting copper conductors. It includes a table with specifications for various lugs, including the diameter and length of the stud and barrel, recommended crimping tools, and packaging quantities. The lugs are made of annealed electrolytic copper tube to provide efficient conductivity while resisting vibration and pull-out. They have an inspection hole and barrel length designed for accurate crimping. Lugs are tin-plated to prevent oxidation and suitable for power-carrying applications.
The document appears to be a presentation about Schneider Electric's Blokset low voltage equipment. It provides an overview of Blokset, including its applications in markets like industry, infrastructure, and buildings. It discusses Blokset's safety features and compliance with standards, its performance capabilities up to 6300A, and its product range including type D, Dc, Ms, Mf, and MW switchboards. It also briefly mentions Blokset's communication tools, Schneider's international offer structure and presence, and some example projects involving Blokset.
This document discusses several types of circuit breakers: MCB, MCCB, ACB, VCB, RCD/RCCB, ELCB, and RCBO. It provides the key characteristics of each type of breaker, including their typical rated currents, trip characteristics, operations, and applications. The key difference between ELCB and RCCB is explained, with RCCB now being the preferred type as it can detect earth faults without requiring an earth connection. Factors in selecting the right MCB type are also outlined.
This document summarizes techniques for partial discharge (PD) measurements on transformers. It discusses PD detection systems using electrical, acoustic, and UHF signals. Typical PD patterns are presented that can help identify different types of PD sources. Procedures are provided for PD measurements in laboratories and on-site, including characterizing the transformer, localizing PD sources using different signals, and a recommended multi-step process for solving PD problems. The document concludes that while measurement techniques have improved, unambiguous identification of dangerous PD sources remains an ongoing challenge requiring further research.
This document provides information on underground power cables. It discusses the construction of underground cables including conductors, insulation materials like rubber, paper and PVC. It classifies cables based on voltage level and describes common cable types used for different voltages like screened and pressure cables. It also discusses cable insulation materials, laying of cables, types of cable faults and compares underground and overhead power systems.
Underground cables have several advantages over overhead cables including better appearance, reduced damage from external factors like storms and lighting, lower maintenance costs, and fewer faults. Underground cables consist of one or more insulated conductors surrounded by protective layers. Key components include the conductor, insulation like paper or rubber, a metallic sheath, bedding, armor for protection, and an outer serving. Different types are used for various voltage applications up to extra high voltage cables over 33kV. Selection depends on factors like the number of cores needed, insulation material, and whether solid or pressure cables are required.
Cable sizing to withstand short-circuit current - ExampleLeonardo ENERGY
This document provides an example calculation of short circuit current for a power cable network. It first outlines the main design criteria for rating cable withstand for short circuit stresses. It then describes four methods for calculating short circuit current - ohmic, infinite bus, per unit and MVA methods. The example focuses on using the MVA method, providing equations and steps for calculating the equivalent short circuit power at different points in the network and converting this to a symmetrical fault current value. Resistances and reactances of cable sections are also included.
MO SURGE ARRESTERS - METAL OXIDE RESISTORS AND SURGE ARRESTERS FOR EMERGING S...Power System Operation
MO SURGE ARRESTERS -
METAL OXIDE RESISTORS
AND SURGE ARRESTERS
FOR EMERGING SYSTEM CONDITIONS METAL OXIDE RESISTORS AND SURGE ARRESTERS FOR EMERGING SYSTEM CONDITIONS METAL OXIDE RESISTORS AND SURGE ARRESTERS FOR EMERGING SYSTEM CONDITIONS METAL OXIDE RESISTORS AND SURGE ARRESTERS FOR EMERGING SYSTEM CONDITIONS METAL OXIDE RESISTORS AND SURGE ARRESTERS FOR EMERGING SYSTEM CONDITIONS METAL OXIDE RESISTORS AND SURGE ARRESTERS FOR EMERGING SYSTEM CONDITIONS METAL OXIDE RESISTORS AND SURGE ARRESTERS FOR EMERGING SYSTEM CONDITIONS METAL OXIDE RESISTORS AND SURGE ARRESTERS FOR EMERGING SYSTEM CONDITIONS METAL OXIDE RESISTORS AND SURGE ARRESTERS FOR EMERGING SYSTEM CONDITIONS METAL OXIDE RESISTORS AND SURGE ARRESTERS FOR EMERGING SYSTEM CONDITIONS METAL OXIDE RESISTORS AND SURGE ARRESTERS FOR EMERGING SYSTEM CONDITIONS METAL OXIDE RESISTORS AND SURGE ARRESTERS FOR EMERGING SYSTEM CONDITIONS METAL OXIDE RESISTORS AND SURGE ARRESTERS FOR EMERGING SYSTEM CONDITIONS METAL OXIDE RESISTORS AND SURGE ARRESTERS FOR EMERGING SYSTEM CONDITIONS METAL OXIDE RESISTORS AND SURGE ARRESTERS FOR EMERGING SYSTEM CONDITIONS
Underground cable components include copper core cables approximately 150mm in diameter, made up of various insulating layers, housed in groups of three in trenches approximately 1.1m deep. Joints are required every 500-800m and sealing end compounds are needed at each end. Access and preparation requires a 65m working area cleared of vegetation with temporary fencing and trackways. Cables are laid by excavators in trenches reinforced with timber and surrounded by cement bound sand, then covered after jointing. Reinstatement returns the area to its original condition and inspection every 3 years monitors the cables.
Multilevel DC Link Inverter with Reduced Switches and BatteriesIJPEDS-IAES
Multilevel inverters are the best solution for medium and high voltage power electronic drives. Because of its unique characteristic of synthesizing sinusoidal voltage with less harmonic contents using several DC sources. In a three phase multilevel inverter, each phase of a cascaded H-bridge inverter requires ‘n’ DC sources to obtain 2n + 1 output voltage levels. One particular disadvantage is that, it increases number of power semiconductor switches. To overcome this disadvantage a multilevel DC link inverter (MLDCLI) with reduced number of switches and batteries is proposed.
The document provides a summary of the single line diagram of the 132kv S/S PGIA substation. It has 3 incoming 132kv lines from the 400/220kv Sarojini Nagar substation and 1 outgoing 132kv line. The incoming lines pass through lightning arrestors and insulated discs before connecting to the gantry and circuit breakers. The line then passes through potential transformers and current transformers before connecting to the main bus bar. From the bus bar, the line is distributed to the 132kv bay and transformers through isolators. The substation also includes a 33kv substation with 2 40MVA transformers, 33kv bus bars, and bays. It describes the purpose of components like capacitor banks, isol
Supercapacitors (Ultracapacitor) : Energy Problem Solver,Amit Soni
Supercapacitors are energy storage devices with high capacitance and low internal resistance, allowing for faster charging and discharging than batteries. They store energy via electrostatic double layer capacitance between high surface area electrodes, such as activated carbon, and an electrolyte. Three main types exist - electrical double layer capacitors which store charge on electrode surfaces; pseudocapacitors which utilize fast redox reactions; and hybrid capacitors combining aspects of both. Supercapacitors find applications where high power delivery is needed, such as regenerative braking on trains. While having lower energy density than batteries, they have longer lifecycles and can charge much more rapidly.
Circuit breakers are devices designed to automatically open an electrical circuit under abnormal current conditions without being damaged. They can be reset to resume normal operation, unlike fuses which must be replaced. There are different types of circuit breakers including oil, air, SF6, and vacuum. Circuit breakers can sense overcurrent through either thermal or magnetic methods and operate on either a time delay or instantaneous basis. Common circuit breakers used in buildings include miniature circuit breakers and molded case circuit breakers.
Supercapacitors offer a promising alternative approach to meeting the increasing power demands of energy storage systems and electronic devices. With their high power density, ability to perform in extreme temperatures, and millions of charge-recharge cycle capabilities, supercapacitors can increase circuit performance and prolong the life of batteries. This can add value to the end-product and ultimately reduce the costs to the customer by reducing the amount of batteries needed and the frequency of the replacement of the batteries, which adds greatly to the environmental friendliness of the end-product as well.
This document discusses novel insulation materials for high voltage cable systems that can overcome limitations of cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE). It introduces thermoplastic polymer blends of polyethylene and polypropylene as alternatives. Polyethylene blends use nanoscale inclusions of low-density polyethylene in a high-density polyethylene matrix, retaining flexibility at low temperatures and mechanical integrity at high temperatures. Polypropylene blends use copolymers to eliminate weak boundaries and phase separation that limit breakdown strength. These new thermoplastic blends promise more sustainable high voltage cable insulation with improved design flexibility compared to XLPE.
This document discusses embedding bulk piezoelectric structures in Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic (LTCC). It outlines the piezoelectric effect, describes LTCC and its applications, and presents the objectives of integrating bulk piezoelectric elements in LTCC. Key results are then summarized for four application areas: an optical filter actuator, an energy harvester, an accelerometer sensor, and a microfluidic valve. The conclusions are that co-firing bulk piezoelectric structures is an efficient integration method, LTCC provides excellent packaging for piezoelectric components, and embedded bulk components can outperform thin or thick film ones.
The document describes Siemens 3AP high voltage circuit breakers for power transmission and distribution. It provides technical specifications for circuit breakers ranging from 72.5 kV to 420 kV, including rated voltages, currents, breaking capacities, dielectric properties and operating times. The circuit breakers use SF6 gas and have modular designs with common operating mechanisms and interrupter units optimized for different voltage classes.
Advanced Cathodic Protection - CP Series - Eric Langelundnacetwincities
This document provides an overview of cathodic protection concepts including:
- The four elements that create a galvanic corrosion cell and the polarization process that occurs.
- How coating characteristics can affect polarization rates.
- Common methods for measuring structure-to-electrolyte potentials and criteria for determining effective cathodic protection.
- Types of reference electrodes used for measurements, including the copper-copper sulfate electrode.
The summary discusses key aspects of cathodic protection and how polarization reduces the potential difference between anodes and cathodes to stop the corrosion reaction.
This document discusses various busbar arrangements used in substations including:
- Single busbar system
- Single bus with sectionaliser system
- Double busbar system
- One and half breaker system
It provides diagrams and explanations of how each system works, their advantages and disadvantages. It also discusses the different busbar configurations adopted by the Andhra Pradesh Transmission Corporation (APTRANSCO) at various voltage levels.
The document discusses cable ampacity calculations to determine required cable sizes based on project standards and design criteria. It provides tables with ampacity values for different cable types, sizes, and installation methods based on temperature limits of the insulation material. It also includes correction factors to adjust ampacity values for varying ambient air and ground temperatures, soil conditions, circuit configurations and more. The purpose is to calculate cable impedance values including resistivity of conductors and temperature correction factors.
The document discusses neutral sizing for electrical systems considering harmonic currents. It covers technical standard prescriptions from IEC 60364-5-52 allowing for smaller neutral conductor sizing if maximum harmonic neutral current is not greater than the reduced cross section. An example calculation is shown applying the criteria to different load scenarios. Typical harmonic contents are listed for sources like electronic loads, fluorescent lamps, and arc furnaces.
AC Circuit Breakers Routine Tests according to IEC 62271-100Ali Sepehri
AC Circuit Breakers Routine Tests according to IEC 62271-100
Article direct link: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/ac-circuit-breakers-routine-tests-according-iec-ali-sepehri/
This document discusses supercapacitors, also known as ultracapacitors. It begins with an introduction to capacitors and defines a supercapacitor as an energy storage device that stores much higher energy than conventional capacitors through electrostatic polarization of an electrolytic solution. The document then covers the history of supercapacitor discovery and development, how supercapacitors differ from batteries in terms of charging time and operating temperature, their double-layer capacitance working principle, features, advantages like high power storage and long life, disadvantages like low energy density, and applications such as in electric vehicles and backup power systems.
Modern underground power cables are sophisticated assemblies of insulators, conductors and protective materials. Within these components are sensors, which enable cable operators to monitor conditions along the cable in real time.
The condition of the cable insulation is usually monitored through the following two main methods:
Loss tangent measurements
Partial discharge (PD) measurements
The document discusses low voltage switches and DIN-type HRC fuse links ranging from 2A to 1600A and voltages of 500V and 690V. It provides technical specifications, ordering information, time-current and cut-off current characteristics for gG-type and aM-type fuse links. The fuse links are suitable for overload and short circuit protection in distribution systems and motor circuits.
The document discusses cable fault location methods from BAUR. It provides an overview of BAUR's products for cable fault location including portable devices, modules, systems, and cable test vans. The document also covers cable fault types, location process steps, and recommended solutions tailored for different cable voltages.
Okonite Cable Brands
C-L-X® Continuous-Lightweight-Exterior. Welded and corrugated, impervious metallic sheathed cables.
LOXARMOR® An interlocked "S" shaped armor cable covering, normally galvanized steel or aluminum.
OKOBON® A moisture resistant cable finish consisting of an aluminum/copolymer tape fused to itself and to an overall jacket.
OKOBUS® Fieldbus instrumentation cable.
OKOCLEAR TP® (TPPO) Thermoplastic Polyolefin low smoke/zero halogen jacket compound.
OKOCLEAR TS® Thermosetting Polyolefin low smoke/zero halogen jacket compound.
OKOGUARD® Okonite's exclusive ethylene-propylene rubber (EPR) based, thermosetting insulation, with an optimum balance of electrical and physical properties unequaled in other solid dielectrics, used on power cables rated 600 V and above.
OKOLENE® Thermoplastic polyethylene based insulating or jacketing compound.
OKONITE® Okonite's exclusive ethylene propylene rubber (EPR) based, thermo-setting insulation used up to 2000V.
OKONITE-FMR® Okonite's exclusive flame and moisture resistant ethylene propylene rubber (EPR) insulation used up to 2000V.
OKOGUARD-OKOLON® Composite insulation system consisting of a layer of EPR and covered with a chlorinated thermoset compound.
OKO-PACK® Okonite's unique compact round conductor shape and design.
OKOSEAL® A PVC insulation or jacketing compound with excellent resistance to flame and most chemicals.
OKOSEAL-N® PVC insulated and nylon jacketed low voltage conductors, Type THHN, THWN-2 and TFN.
OKOLON TP-CPE® Thermoplastic moisture resistant CPE compound serving as an outer sheath.
OKOLON TS-CPE® Thermoset moisture resistant flame retardant CPE outer sheath.
OKOTHERM® Heat resistant silicone rubber based insulation for use in high temperature locations.
OKOZEL® Okonite's name for its ETFE based flame and radiation resistant insulating and jacketing compound.
P-30® Okolene-Okoseal insulated 600V multiple and single conductor control cable.
Underground cable components include copper core cables approximately 150mm in diameter, made up of various insulating layers, housed in groups of three in trenches approximately 1.1m deep. Joints are required every 500-800m and sealing end compounds are needed at each end. Access and preparation requires a 65m working area cleared of vegetation with temporary fencing and trackways. Cables are laid by excavators in trenches reinforced with timber and surrounded by cement bound sand, then covered after jointing. Reinstatement returns the area to its original condition and inspection every 3 years monitors the cables.
Multilevel DC Link Inverter with Reduced Switches and BatteriesIJPEDS-IAES
Multilevel inverters are the best solution for medium and high voltage power electronic drives. Because of its unique characteristic of synthesizing sinusoidal voltage with less harmonic contents using several DC sources. In a three phase multilevel inverter, each phase of a cascaded H-bridge inverter requires ‘n’ DC sources to obtain 2n + 1 output voltage levels. One particular disadvantage is that, it increases number of power semiconductor switches. To overcome this disadvantage a multilevel DC link inverter (MLDCLI) with reduced number of switches and batteries is proposed.
The document provides a summary of the single line diagram of the 132kv S/S PGIA substation. It has 3 incoming 132kv lines from the 400/220kv Sarojini Nagar substation and 1 outgoing 132kv line. The incoming lines pass through lightning arrestors and insulated discs before connecting to the gantry and circuit breakers. The line then passes through potential transformers and current transformers before connecting to the main bus bar. From the bus bar, the line is distributed to the 132kv bay and transformers through isolators. The substation also includes a 33kv substation with 2 40MVA transformers, 33kv bus bars, and bays. It describes the purpose of components like capacitor banks, isol
Supercapacitors (Ultracapacitor) : Energy Problem Solver,Amit Soni
Supercapacitors are energy storage devices with high capacitance and low internal resistance, allowing for faster charging and discharging than batteries. They store energy via electrostatic double layer capacitance between high surface area electrodes, such as activated carbon, and an electrolyte. Three main types exist - electrical double layer capacitors which store charge on electrode surfaces; pseudocapacitors which utilize fast redox reactions; and hybrid capacitors combining aspects of both. Supercapacitors find applications where high power delivery is needed, such as regenerative braking on trains. While having lower energy density than batteries, they have longer lifecycles and can charge much more rapidly.
Circuit breakers are devices designed to automatically open an electrical circuit under abnormal current conditions without being damaged. They can be reset to resume normal operation, unlike fuses which must be replaced. There are different types of circuit breakers including oil, air, SF6, and vacuum. Circuit breakers can sense overcurrent through either thermal or magnetic methods and operate on either a time delay or instantaneous basis. Common circuit breakers used in buildings include miniature circuit breakers and molded case circuit breakers.
Supercapacitors offer a promising alternative approach to meeting the increasing power demands of energy storage systems and electronic devices. With their high power density, ability to perform in extreme temperatures, and millions of charge-recharge cycle capabilities, supercapacitors can increase circuit performance and prolong the life of batteries. This can add value to the end-product and ultimately reduce the costs to the customer by reducing the amount of batteries needed and the frequency of the replacement of the batteries, which adds greatly to the environmental friendliness of the end-product as well.
This document discusses novel insulation materials for high voltage cable systems that can overcome limitations of cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE). It introduces thermoplastic polymer blends of polyethylene and polypropylene as alternatives. Polyethylene blends use nanoscale inclusions of low-density polyethylene in a high-density polyethylene matrix, retaining flexibility at low temperatures and mechanical integrity at high temperatures. Polypropylene blends use copolymers to eliminate weak boundaries and phase separation that limit breakdown strength. These new thermoplastic blends promise more sustainable high voltage cable insulation with improved design flexibility compared to XLPE.
This document discusses embedding bulk piezoelectric structures in Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic (LTCC). It outlines the piezoelectric effect, describes LTCC and its applications, and presents the objectives of integrating bulk piezoelectric elements in LTCC. Key results are then summarized for four application areas: an optical filter actuator, an energy harvester, an accelerometer sensor, and a microfluidic valve. The conclusions are that co-firing bulk piezoelectric structures is an efficient integration method, LTCC provides excellent packaging for piezoelectric components, and embedded bulk components can outperform thin or thick film ones.
The document describes Siemens 3AP high voltage circuit breakers for power transmission and distribution. It provides technical specifications for circuit breakers ranging from 72.5 kV to 420 kV, including rated voltages, currents, breaking capacities, dielectric properties and operating times. The circuit breakers use SF6 gas and have modular designs with common operating mechanisms and interrupter units optimized for different voltage classes.
Advanced Cathodic Protection - CP Series - Eric Langelundnacetwincities
This document provides an overview of cathodic protection concepts including:
- The four elements that create a galvanic corrosion cell and the polarization process that occurs.
- How coating characteristics can affect polarization rates.
- Common methods for measuring structure-to-electrolyte potentials and criteria for determining effective cathodic protection.
- Types of reference electrodes used for measurements, including the copper-copper sulfate electrode.
The summary discusses key aspects of cathodic protection and how polarization reduces the potential difference between anodes and cathodes to stop the corrosion reaction.
This document discusses various busbar arrangements used in substations including:
- Single busbar system
- Single bus with sectionaliser system
- Double busbar system
- One and half breaker system
It provides diagrams and explanations of how each system works, their advantages and disadvantages. It also discusses the different busbar configurations adopted by the Andhra Pradesh Transmission Corporation (APTRANSCO) at various voltage levels.
The document discusses cable ampacity calculations to determine required cable sizes based on project standards and design criteria. It provides tables with ampacity values for different cable types, sizes, and installation methods based on temperature limits of the insulation material. It also includes correction factors to adjust ampacity values for varying ambient air and ground temperatures, soil conditions, circuit configurations and more. The purpose is to calculate cable impedance values including resistivity of conductors and temperature correction factors.
The document discusses neutral sizing for electrical systems considering harmonic currents. It covers technical standard prescriptions from IEC 60364-5-52 allowing for smaller neutral conductor sizing if maximum harmonic neutral current is not greater than the reduced cross section. An example calculation is shown applying the criteria to different load scenarios. Typical harmonic contents are listed for sources like electronic loads, fluorescent lamps, and arc furnaces.
AC Circuit Breakers Routine Tests according to IEC 62271-100Ali Sepehri
AC Circuit Breakers Routine Tests according to IEC 62271-100
Article direct link: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/ac-circuit-breakers-routine-tests-according-iec-ali-sepehri/
This document discusses supercapacitors, also known as ultracapacitors. It begins with an introduction to capacitors and defines a supercapacitor as an energy storage device that stores much higher energy than conventional capacitors through electrostatic polarization of an electrolytic solution. The document then covers the history of supercapacitor discovery and development, how supercapacitors differ from batteries in terms of charging time and operating temperature, their double-layer capacitance working principle, features, advantages like high power storage and long life, disadvantages like low energy density, and applications such as in electric vehicles and backup power systems.
Modern underground power cables are sophisticated assemblies of insulators, conductors and protective materials. Within these components are sensors, which enable cable operators to monitor conditions along the cable in real time.
The condition of the cable insulation is usually monitored through the following two main methods:
Loss tangent measurements
Partial discharge (PD) measurements
The document discusses low voltage switches and DIN-type HRC fuse links ranging from 2A to 1600A and voltages of 500V and 690V. It provides technical specifications, ordering information, time-current and cut-off current characteristics for gG-type and aM-type fuse links. The fuse links are suitable for overload and short circuit protection in distribution systems and motor circuits.
The document discusses cable fault location methods from BAUR. It provides an overview of BAUR's products for cable fault location including portable devices, modules, systems, and cable test vans. The document also covers cable fault types, location process steps, and recommended solutions tailored for different cable voltages.
Okonite Cable Brands
C-L-X® Continuous-Lightweight-Exterior. Welded and corrugated, impervious metallic sheathed cables.
LOXARMOR® An interlocked "S" shaped armor cable covering, normally galvanized steel or aluminum.
OKOBON® A moisture resistant cable finish consisting of an aluminum/copolymer tape fused to itself and to an overall jacket.
OKOBUS® Fieldbus instrumentation cable.
OKOCLEAR TP® (TPPO) Thermoplastic Polyolefin low smoke/zero halogen jacket compound.
OKOCLEAR TS® Thermosetting Polyolefin low smoke/zero halogen jacket compound.
OKOGUARD® Okonite's exclusive ethylene-propylene rubber (EPR) based, thermosetting insulation, with an optimum balance of electrical and physical properties unequaled in other solid dielectrics, used on power cables rated 600 V and above.
OKOLENE® Thermoplastic polyethylene based insulating or jacketing compound.
OKONITE® Okonite's exclusive ethylene propylene rubber (EPR) based, thermo-setting insulation used up to 2000V.
OKONITE-FMR® Okonite's exclusive flame and moisture resistant ethylene propylene rubber (EPR) insulation used up to 2000V.
OKOGUARD-OKOLON® Composite insulation system consisting of a layer of EPR and covered with a chlorinated thermoset compound.
OKO-PACK® Okonite's unique compact round conductor shape and design.
OKOSEAL® A PVC insulation or jacketing compound with excellent resistance to flame and most chemicals.
OKOSEAL-N® PVC insulated and nylon jacketed low voltage conductors, Type THHN, THWN-2 and TFN.
OKOLON TP-CPE® Thermoplastic moisture resistant CPE compound serving as an outer sheath.
OKOLON TS-CPE® Thermoset moisture resistant flame retardant CPE outer sheath.
OKOTHERM® Heat resistant silicone rubber based insulation for use in high temperature locations.
OKOZEL® Okonite's name for its ETFE based flame and radiation resistant insulating and jacketing compound.
P-30® Okolene-Okoseal insulated 600V multiple and single conductor control cable.
The document provides product information for heatshrink cable terminations and joints for voltages ranging from 0.6kV to 36kV. It lists various indoor and outdoor termination part numbers corresponding to cable type (XLPE, PILC), cores (single, three), voltage rating and cable cross section range. It also provides information on related accessories like earthing components and ordering guidelines. Coldshrink terminations are introduced as an alternative with advantages like easier installation without open flames. Technical test standards for heatshrink products are listed at the end.
GUROFLEX MV is a two-component cold-pour insulating compound that cures to a soft, rubbery solid without the need for heating. It has excellent electrical characteristics and can be used to insulate medium voltage electrical equipment up to 36kV. Unlike traditional hot-pour compounds, GUROFLEX MV does not require special safety measures during handling or disposal due to its non-hazardous properties. Its principal use is filling cable termination boxes and busbar enclosures for transformers, switchgear, and motors. GUROFLEX MV has undergone extensive testing to international standards and provides a safe and effective solution for insulating complex phase metalwork with reduced clearances.
The document provides instructions for installing a cable gland on 3-core cable. It instructs the user to clean and prepare the cables, slide a cable breakout over the 3 cables ensuring the fingers point away from the cable box, pass the cables through the gland body and bolt it in place, push the cable breakout over the gland body as far as possible, and use a soft flame torch to shrink the breakout evenly to create a seal around the cables.
This document provides specifications for SPDI heat-shrinkable terminations used for indoor termination of three core PILC/PICAS cables up to 12 kV. The terminations are suitable for voltages between 6.35/11 kV and 12 kV and cable cross sections ranging from 16-25 mm2 to 185-500 mm2. The terminations meet relevant CENELEC and IEC standards and provide water sealing and stress control through various heat-shrinkable components. Contact information is provided for ordering terminations for other cable sizes or types.
The document provides a historical overview of medium and high voltage cables from 1812 to present day. It discusses the evolution of cable components over time, from early cables made of natural rubber and paper to modern extruded cables made with polyethylene and cross-linked polyethylene. The document also examines legacy issues with early cable designs that led to failures, such as water treeing in polyethylene cables and corrosion of lead sheaths. Current challenges mentioned include poor workmanship during installation and maintenance being a leading cause of cable failures today.
New Approaches for Maintenance Grounding in Medium Voltage SwitchgearSchneider Electric
Copyright AIST Reprinted with Permission. Presented at the 2013 Iron and Steel Technology Conference and Exposition (AISTech 2013). Maintenance grounding is a traditional and proven method for protecting electrical workers during medium voltage switchgear maintenance. When properly applied, it eliminates dangerous differences in electric potential, and can redirect harmful current during events such as unforeseen induced voltage from motors and generators, accidental bus contact with adjacent live parts, or human error that causes equipment to be re-energized.
Okoguard is Okonite's registered trade name for their exclusive ethylene-propylene rubber (EPR) base, thermosetting compound, whose optimum balance of electrical and physical properties is unequaled in other solid dielectrics. Okoguard insulation, with the distinctive red color and a totally integrated EPR system, provides the optimum balance of electrical and physical properties for long, problem free service in high voltage cable installations.
The generation, transmission, and distribution of power involve electrical facilities, apparatus, and components, to carry the electrical energy from its generating site to where it is utilized. An important part of this power system is the cable system that is used exclusively to carry power from the main substations to secondary substations at load centers.
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Using High Resistance Grounding to Mitigate Arc Flash Hazardsmichaeljmack
Using High Resistance Grounding to Mitigate Arc Flash Hazards
Presenter: Ajit Bapat, P.E.
I-GARD's HRG systems can detect ground faults, signal alarms, and locate affected circuits to remove personnel from arc flash dangers. I-GARD's FALCON provides fast arc flash mitigation in under 1ms through adjustable light sensitivity to reduce arc flash energy. I-GARD's arc flash analysis calculates risk using IEEE and NFPA equations to develop comprehensive protection plans for a safer work environment.
Underground Cable Accessories
Elastimold® offers the industry's most complete package for managing underground cable connections.
Broad Product Range..
Elastimold accessories, available from 5kV to 138kV, connect, ground, splice, terminate and protect underground cable.
Elastimold Innovation
Elastimold’s long, innovative history includes pioneering such products as extended and repair elbows, jacket seal elbows, and shrink-fit joints.
EE-55 Power Cables Testing & Fault LocationRina Florentes
Dr. Adel Al-Faraskoury will teach a course on power cable testing and fault location from December 27-31, 2015 in Dubai, UAE. The course will cover topics such as partial discharge techniques, very low frequency testing, cable fault location methods, and cable failures and their analysis. It is aimed at engineers and technicians from electrical utilities and will help participants better understand cable testing and maintenance. Registration must be completed and paid for 25 days prior to the course date to receive an early bird discount.
Application Considerations for Power System Groundingmichaeljmack
This document discusses various grounding methods for power systems, including solid grounding, ungrounded systems, resistance grounding, and reactance grounding. It provides examples of how each method works and considerations for selecting a grounding approach based on factors like service continuity requirements and the presence of line-to-neutral loads. The document also reviews retrofitting existing systems and includes diagrams demonstrating different grounding configurations.
1. The document provides a specific method statement for HV cable testing.
2. It outlines the preliminary steps such as qualifications, PPE, site induction and inspections.
3. The main stages include setting up the testing zone, confirming switchgear status, issuing isolation certificates, conducting phasing tests, and performing pre-insulation resistance tests between phases and from phases to earth.
The document discusses different types of cables used in electrical installations and their components. It describes that a cable consists of a conductor and insulation. Common conductor materials include copper, aluminum, and copper/aluminum welds. Insulation provides protection and comes in polymers, plastics or elastomers. Color coding helps identify wires. Key cable types discussed are coaxial, shielded/unshielded twisted pair, armored, control, power, portable and telephone cables.
This document provides a product selection guide for cable accessories used in 5kV-35kV distribution systems, including loadbreak and deadbreak separable connectors, cable joints, cable terminations, and other components. It lists the various elbow connectors, joints, terminations and accessories available from Elastimold in 1-3 sentences per product type and includes voltage ratings, current ratings, and part numbers. Additional sections provide reference information on specifications, cable sizes and standards.
Factors considered for High Voltage Cable Joint design Shahab Khan
This document discusses key factors to consider for high voltage cable joint design. It outlines several important design factors, including the types of cables being joined, voltage levels, expected transient overvoltages, number of phases, dielectric strength of interfaces, choice of materials, and location of installation. The document emphasizes that cable joints are vulnerable points that require reliable designs to ensure good thermal performance, electrical stress control, and environmental and mechanical protection. Proper consideration of cable joint design factors is important for safety and long-term reliability of cable systems.
This document provides guidance on preparing and working with low voltage waveform cables, including aluminum and copper variants. It outlines the procedures for removing cable sheaths and rubber bedding, with different methods for each cable type. Precautions are described such as temporarily shrouding and insulating cut cable cores to maintain safety. The document was last revised in April 2009 and details revisions to the procedures.
This document provides installation instructions for heatshrink joints for single core 6.35/11(12kV) XLPE/CWS (triplex) non armoured cables. The instructions specify preparing the cables by removing the semi-conductive screen layer and positioning stress control and dual wall tubes. Yellow stress relief mastic and red/black dual wall tubes are applied and shrunk to create moisture seals. Copper mesh bandage is wrapped around and copper screen wires are joined with a connector. Finally, an outer adhesive shrink tube is applied and shrunk to fully seal the joint.
This document provides installation instructions for zero halogen heatshrink joints for armoured cables. The instructions specify preparing the cables by bending back the armour wires and fitting a support ring. Connectors are then installed and insulation tubes are shrunk around them. An outer shrink tube is applied over the joint and shrunk evenly. For fire barrier joints, a red silicone tube is also installed across the joint gap.
This document provides product information for Nexans Power Accessories' cold-shrinkable indoor and outdoor cable terminations (ITK, OTK), slip-on indoor terminations (AIN), and associated accessories. It lists the specifications, standards, contents and ordering instructions for termination kits for voltages up to 42kV and cable sizes up to 1000mm2. Installation drawings and diagrams are provided for the different termination types.
Cold Shrink Tubing for LV Cable Splices, Repair, Protection & Insulation - 3M
Cold Shrink Splice Kit 3M 8427-6
Cold Shrink Tubes 3M
3M 8427-6 Cold Shrink Tubes 17.5mm-33.0mm Diameters - 152mm Length
3M Cold Shrink Splices & Splicing Kits are designed using the unique cold shrink delivery system developed by 3M - cold shrink tubes are supplied pre-stretched on a removable core for efficiency and ease of installation.
Cold shrink tubes provide a constant radial pressure and seal without adhesive allowing for cable or pipe expansion and contraction after installation - 3M Cold Shrink is simple and fast to install, no tools or "hot-working" required for use in potentially explosive and hazardous area atmospheres, including Zones 1 and Zones 2.
3M Cold Shrink Splice Tubes 8427-6 - Typical Applications
Insulation and sealing of inline cable splices and electrical connectors
Primary electrical insulation up to 1kV for cold shrink cable repairs
Conduit and cable breakout sealing - moisture barrier
Tubes available in EPDM rubber and silicone (Low Smoke & Fume LSF)
Cold Shrink Tubes 3M : EPDM rubber cold shrink tubes provide cable sealing, protection and insulation for low voltage (LV) power cables up to 1000 volts. Tough EPDM 3M cold shrink rubber tubes are suitable for underground cable joints and direct burial. Resistant to acids and alkalis. Resistant to fungi, ozone and UV light to seal, protect and insulate outdoor cables.
How ?
3M Cold Shrink tubes are open-ended, tubular rubber sleeves, which are factory expanded onto a removable core. The core is removed after the cold shrink tube has been positioned for installation over an inline connection, splice or cable lug, allowing the cold shrink tube to shrink and form a waterproof seal. Cold shrink tubes provide a quicker, safer and easier sealing solution for cables and pipes than heat shrink - no "hot-work" permit required for oil, gas and petrochemical site installations. T&D stock an extensive range of 3M Cold Shrink Tubes and Tubing.
3M Cold Shrink Tubes meet worldwide standards ANSI, IEEE, VDE, JCAA, REA and CSA.
Cold Shrink Tubing for LV Cable Splices, Repair, Protection & Insulation - 3M
Cold Shrink Splice Kit 3M 8427-12
Cold Shrink Tubes 3M
3M 8427-12 Cold Shrink Tubes 17.5mm-33.0mm Diameters - 305mm Length
3M Cold Shrink Splices & Splicing Kits are designed using the unique cold shrink delivery system developed by 3M - cold shrink tubes are supplied pre-stretched on a removable core for efficiency and ease of installation.
Cold shrink tubes provide a constant radial pressure and seal without adhesive allowing for cable or pipe expansion and contraction after installation - 3M Cold Shrink is simple and fast to install, no tools or "hot-working" required for use in potentially explosive and hazardous area atmospheres, including Zones 1 and Zones 2.
3M Cold Shrink Splice Tubes 8427-12 - Typical Applications
Insulation and sealing of inline cable splices and electrical connectors
Primary electrical insulation up to 1kV for cold shrink cable repairs
Conduit and cable breakout sealing - moisture barrier
Tubes available in EPDM rubber and silicone (Low Smoke & Fume LSF)
Cold Shrink Tubes 3M : EPDM rubber cold shrink tubes provide cable sealing, protection and insulation for low voltage (LV) power cables up to 1000 volts. Tough EPDM 3M cold shrink rubber tubes are suitable for underground cable joints and direct burial. Resistant to acids and alkalis. Resistant to fungi, ozone and UV light to seal, protect and insulate outdoor cables.
How ?
3M Cold Shrink tubes are open-ended, tubular rubber sleeves, which are factory expanded onto a removable core. The core is removed after the cold shrink tube has been positioned for installation over an inline connection, splice or cable lug, allowing the cold shrink tube to shrink and form a waterproof seal. Cold shrink tubes provide a quicker, safer and easier sealing solution for cables and pipes than heat shrink - no "hot-work" permit required for oil, gas and petrochemical site installations. T&D stock an extensive range of 3M Cold Shrink Tubes and Tubing.
3M Cold Shrink Tubes meet worldwide standards ANSI, IEEE, VDE, JCAA, REA and CSA.
Cold Shrink Tubing for LV Cable Splices, Repair, Protection & Insulation - 3M
Cold Shrink Splice Kit 3M 8428-12
Cold Shrink Tubes 3M
3M 8428-12 Cold Shrink Tubes 24.0mm-49.3mm Diameters - 305mm Length
3M Cold Shrink Splices & Splicing Kits are designed using the unique cold shrink delivery system developed by 3M - cold shrink tubes are supplied pre-stretched on a removable core for efficiency and ease of installation.
Cold shrink tubes provide a constant radial pressure and seal without adhesive allowing for cable or pipe expansion and contraction after installation - 3M Cold Shrink is simple and fast to install, no tools or "hot-working" required for use in potentially explosive and hazardous area atmospheres, including Zones 1 and Zones 2.
3M Cold Shrink Splice Tubes 8428-12 - Typical Applications
Insulation and sealing of inline cable splices and electrical connectors
Primary electrical insulation up to 1kV for cold shrink cable repairs
Conduit and cable breakout sealing - moisture barrier
Tubes available in EPDM rubber and silicone (Low Smoke & Fume LSF)
Cold Shrink Tubes 3M : EPDM rubber cold shrink tubes provide cable sealing, protection and insulation for low voltage (LV) power cables up to 1000 volts. Tough EPDM 3M cold shrink rubber tubes are suitable for underground cable joints and direct burial. Resistant to acids and alkalis. Resistant to fungi, ozone and UV light to seal, protect and insulate outdoor cables.
How ?
3M Cold Shrink tubes are open-ended, tubular rubber sleeves, which are factory expanded onto a removable core. The core is removed after the cold shrink tube has been positioned for installation over an inline connection, splice or cable lug, allowing the cold shrink tube to shrink and form a waterproof seal. Cold shrink tubes provide a quicker, safer and easier sealing solution for cables and pipes than heat shrink - no "hot-work" permit required for oil, gas and petrochemical site installations. T&D stock an extensive range of 3M Cold Shrink Tubes and Tubing.
3M Cold Shrink Tubes meet worldwide standards ANSI, IEEE, VDE, JCAA, REA and CSA.
Cold Shrink Tubing for LV Cable Splices, Repair, Protection & Insulation - 3M
Cold Shrink Tubes 3M
3M 8429-9 Cold Shrink Tubes 32.2mm-67.8mm Diameters - 229mm Length
3M Cold Shrink Splices & Splicing Kits are designed using the unique cold shrink delivery system developed by 3M - cold shrink tubes are supplied pre-stretched on a removable core for efficiency and ease of installation.
Cold shrink tubes provide a constant radial pressure and seal without adhesive allowing for cable or pipe expansion and contraction after installation - 3M Cold Shrink is simple and fast to install, no tools or "hot-working" required for use in potentially explosive and hazardous area atmospheres, including Zones 1 and Zones 2.
3M Cold Shrink Splice Tubes 8429-9 - Typical Applications
* Insulation and sealing of inline cable splices and electrical connectors
* Primary electrical insulation up to 1kV for cold shrink cable repairs
* Conduit and cable breakout sealing - moisture barrier
* Tubes available in EPDM rubber and silicone (Low Smoke & Fume LSF)
Cold Shrink Tubes 3M : EPDM rubber cold shrink tubes provide cable sealing, protection and insulation for low voltage (LV) power cables up to 1000 volts. Tough EPDM 3M cold shrink rubber tubes are suitable for underground cable joints and direct burial. Resistant to acids and alkalis. Resistant to fungi, ozone and UV light to seal, protect and insulate outdoor cables.
How ?
3M Cold Shrink tubes are open-ended, tubular rubber sleeves, which are factory expanded onto a removable core. The core is removed after the cold shrink tube has been positioned for installation over an inline connection, splice or cable lug, allowing the cold shrink tube to shrink and form a waterproof seal. Cold shrink tubes provide a quicker, safer and easier sealing solution for cables and pipes than heat shrink - no "hot-work" permit required for oil, gas and petrochemical site installations. T&D stock an extensive range of 3M Cold Shrink Tubes and Tubing.
3M Cold Shrink Tubes meet worldwide standards ANSI, IEEE, VDE, JCAA, REA and CSA.
Cold Shrink Tubing for LV Cable Splices, Repair, Protection & Insulation - 3M
Cold Shrink Tubes 3M
3M 8428-6 Cold Shrink Tubes 24.0mm-49.3mm Diameters - 152mm Length
3M Cold Shrink Splices & Splicing Kits are designed using the unique cold shrink delivery system developed by 3M - cold shrink tubes are supplied pre-stretched on a removable core for efficiency and ease of installation.
Cold shrink tubes provide a constant radial pressure and seal without adhesive allowing for cable or pipe expansion and contraction after installation - 3M Cold Shrink is simple and fast to install, no tools or "hot-working" required for use in potentially explosive and hazardous area atmospheres, including Zones 1 and Zones 2.
3M Cold Shrink Splice Tubes 8428-6 - Typical Applications
Insulation and sealing of inline cable splices and electrical connectors
Primary electrical insulation up to 1kV for cold shrink cable repairs
Conduit and cable breakout sealing - moisture barrier
Tubes available in EPDM rubber and silicone (Low Smoke & Fume LSF)
Cold Shrink Tubes 3M : EPDM rubber cold shrink tubes provide cable sealing, protection and insulation for low voltage (LV) power cables up to 1000 volts. Tough EPDM 3M cold shrink rubber tubes are suitable for underground cable joints and direct burial. Resistant to acids and alkalis. Resistant to fungi, ozone and UV light to seal, protect and insulate outdoor cables.
How ?
3M Cold Shrink tubes are open-ended, tubular rubber sleeves, which are factory expanded onto a removable core. The core is removed after the cold shrink tube has been positioned for installation over an inline connection, splice or cable lug, allowing the cold shrink tube to shrink and form a waterproof seal. Cold shrink tubes provide a quicker, safer and easier sealing solution for cables and pipes than heat shrink - no "hot-work" permit required for oil, gas and petrochemical site installations. T&D stock an extensive range of 3M Cold Shrink Tubes and Tubing.
3M Cold Shrink Tubes meet worldwide standards ANSI, IEEE, VDE, JCAA, REA and CSA.
3M produces Cold Shrink EPDM Tubes called PST Connector Insulators that are used to insulate electrical connections. The tubes are made of EPDM rubber and come in various sizes to accommodate different cable diameters. They are pre-stretched and shrink to form a waterproof seal around connections when a removable core is withdrawn. PST tubes provide insulation, protection from water and chemicals, and can be used for both indoor and outdoor applications including direct burial.
3M produces Cold Shrink EPDM Tubes called PST Connector Insulators that are used to insulate electrical connections. The tubes are made of EPDM rubber and come in various sizes to accommodate different cable diameters. They are pre-stretched and shrink to form a waterproof seal around connections when a removable core is pulled out. PST tubes provide insulation for cable splices and connections rated up to 1000 volts both indoors and outdoors. They can be directly buried, submerged, or used overhead and install without heat or flame simply using hands.
Cold Shrink Tubing for LV Cable Splices, Repair, Protection & Insulation - 3M
Cold Shrink Tubes 3M
3M 8429-6 Cold Shrink Tubes 32.2mm-67.8mm Diameters - 152mm Length
3M Cold Shrink Splices & Splicing Kits are designed using the unique cold shrink delivery system developed by 3M - cold shrink tubes are supplied pre-stretched on a removable core for efficiency and ease of installation.
Cold shrink tubes provide a constant radial pressure and seal without adhesive allowing for cable or pipe expansion and contraction after installation - 3M Cold Shrink is simple and fast to install, no tools or "hot-working" required for use in potentially explosive and hazardous area atmospheres, including Zones 1 and Zones 2.
3M Cold Shrink Splice Tubes 8429-6 - Typical Applications
* Insulation and sealing of inline cable splices and electrical connectors
* Primary electrical insulation up to 1kV for cold shrink cable repairs
* Conduit and cable breakout sealing - moisture barrier
* Tubes available in EPDM rubber and silicone (Low Smoke & Fume LSF)
Cold Shrink Tubes 3M : EPDM rubber cold shrink tubes provide cable sealing, protection and insulation for low voltage (LV) power cables up to 1000 volts. Tough EPDM 3M cold shrink rubber tubes are suitable for underground cable joints and direct burial. Resistant to acids and alkalis. Resistant to fungi, ozone and UV light to seal, protect and insulate outdoor cables.
How ?
3M Cold Shrink tubes are open-ended, tubular rubber sleeves, which are factory expanded onto a removable core. The core is removed after the cold shrink tube has been positioned for installation over an inline connection, splice or cable lug, allowing the cold shrink tube to shrink and form a waterproof seal. Cold shrink tubes provide a quicker, safer and easier sealing solution for cables and pipes than heat shrink - no "hot-work" permit required for oil, gas and petrochemical site installations. T&D stock an extensive range of 3M Cold Shrink Tubes and Tubing.
3M Cold Shrink Tubes meet worldwide standards ANSI, IEEE, VDE, JCAA, REA and CSA.
Cold Shrink Tubing for LV Cable Splices, Repair, Protection & Insulation - 3M
Cold Shrink Splice Kit 3M 8429-12
Cold Shrink Tubes 3M
3M 8429-12 Cold Shrink Tubes 32.2mm-67.8mm Diameters - 305mm Length
3M Cold Shrink Splices & Splicing Kits are designed using the unique cold shrink delivery system developed by 3M - cold shrink tubes are supplied pre-stretched on a removable core for efficiency and ease of installation.
Cold shrink tubes provide a constant radial pressure and seal without adhesive allowing for cable or pipe expansion and contraction after installation - 3M Cold Shrink is simple and fast to install, no tools or "hot-working" required for use in potentially explosive and hazardous area atmospheres, including Zones 1 and Zones 2.
3M Cold Shrink Splice Tubes 8429-12 - Typical Applications
Insulation and sealing of inline cable splices and electrical connectors
Primary electrical insulation up to 1kV for cold shrink cable repairs
Conduit and cable breakout sealing - moisture barrier
Tubes available in EPDM rubber and silicone (Low Smoke & Fume LSF)
Cold Shrink Tubes 3M : EPDM rubber cold shrink tubes provide cable sealing, protection and insulation for low voltage (LV) power cables up to 1000 volts. Tough EPDM 3M cold shrink rubber tubes are suitable for underground cable joints and direct burial. Resistant to acids and alkalis. Resistant to fungi, ozone and UV light to seal, protect and insulate outdoor cables.
How ?
3M Cold Shrink tubes are open-ended, tubular rubber sleeves, which are factory expanded onto a removable core. The core is removed after the cold shrink tube has been positioned for installation over an inline connection, splice or cable lug, allowing the cold shrink tube to shrink and form a waterproof seal. Cold shrink tubes provide a quicker, safer and easier sealing solution for cables and pipes than heat shrink - no "hot-work" permit required for oil, gas and petrochemical site installations. T&D stock an extensive range of 3M Cold Shrink Tubes and Tubing.
3M Cold Shrink Tubes meet worldwide standards ANSI, IEEE, VDE, JCAA, REA and CSA.
Cold Shrink Tubing for LV Cable Splices, Repair, Protection & Insulation - 3M
Cold Shrink Splice Kit 3M 8429-18
Cold Shrink Tubes 3M
3M 8429-18 Cold Shrink Tubes 32.2mm-67.8mm Diameters - 457mm Length
3M Cold Shrink Splices & Splicing Kits are designed using the unique cold shrink delivery system developed by 3M - cold shrink tubes are supplied pre-stretched on a removable core for efficiency and ease of installation.
Cold shrink tubes provide a constant radial pressure and seal without adhesive allowing for cable or pipe expansion and contraction after installation - 3M Cold Shrink is simple and fast to install, no tools or "hot-working" required for use in potentially explosive and hazardous area atmospheres, including Zones 1 and Zones 2.
3M Cold Shrink Splice Tubes 8429-18 - Typical Applications
Insulation and sealing of inline cable splices and electrical connectors
Primary electrical insulation up to 1kV for cold shrink cable repairs
Conduit and cable breakout sealing - moisture barrier
Tubes available in EPDM rubber and silicone (Low Smoke & Fume LSF)
Cold Shrink Tubes 3M : EPDM rubber cold shrink tubes provide cable sealing, protection and insulation for low voltage (LV) power cables up to 1000 volts. Tough EPDM 3M cold shrink rubber tubes are suitable for underground cable joints and direct burial. Resistant to acids and alkalis. Resistant to fungi, ozone and UV light to seal, protect and insulate outdoor cables.
How ?
3M Cold Shrink tubes are open-ended, tubular rubber sleeves, which are factory expanded onto a removable core. The core is removed after the cold shrink tube has been positioned for installation over an inline connection, splice or cable lug, allowing the cold shrink tube to shrink and form a waterproof seal. Cold shrink tubes provide a quicker, safer and easier sealing solution for cables and pipes than heat shrink - no "hot-work" permit required for oil, gas and petrochemical site installations. T&D stock an extensive range of 3M Cold Shrink Tubes and Tubing.
3M Cold Shrink Tubes meet worldwide standards ANSI, IEEE, VDE, JCAA, REA and CSA.
3M's 8420 series Cold Shrink EPDM Tubes are open-ended rubber sleeves that are factory expanded and placed over a removable core. They are used to provide primary electrical insulation and physical protection for cable splices and connections rated up to 1000 volts. The tubes are made of EPDM rubber and accommodate a wide range of cable sizes without additional heat or tools. When the core is removed, the tube shrinks to form a waterproof seal suitable for indoor, outdoor, and submerged applications. The tubes resist fungus, acids, alkalis, ozone, and ultraviolet light.
ESD-6949-2/16 RAYCHEM TYCO| AKBAR TRADING EST| mail@akbartrading.comAKBAR TRADING
This document provides installation instructions for joining single-core polymeric insulated cables with aluminium wire armour using a joint kit. The instructions include: preparing the cables by cutting back the oversheath and insulation to the specified dimensions; crimping the conductors; installing the connector insulating tubing and outer sleeve; connecting the armour wires using mechanical connectors; and shrinking the outer sealing sleeve onto the joint. Proper preparation of the cables and components as well as correctly following all installation steps are emphasized to ensure a smooth, wrinkle-free joint.
3M Cold Shrink Tube 8425-83M 8425-8 Cold Shrink Tube
Cold Shrink Tube Min Diameter 10.2mm
Cold Shrink Tube Max Diameter 20.8mm
Cold Shrink Tube Length 203mm
3M Cold Shrink Tube is a pre-stretched EPDM rubber tubing, factory expanded and assembled onto a removable core.
•Cold shrink provides a constant radial pressure seal
•No heat required with 3M Cold Shrink - 100% cold applied
•No specialist cable jointing or heat shrink tools required
•Quality - long term reliability
•Moisture resistant for submersible and outdoor applications
3M Cold Shrink Tubes are suitable for cable protection and moisture ingress protection - 3M Cold Shrink EPDM tubings are suitable as primary insulation on low voltage cables and cable splices up to 1000v AC. Cold shrink tubes provide electrical protection and moisture sealing for high-voltage, air-insulated connectors and cable lugs such as spacer cable and cable lug connections to bus bar. 3M cold shrink tubes also provide electrical insulation of secondary splices including copper or aluminium connectors.
3M Brand PST Cold Shrink Connector Insulators are open-ended, tubular rubber sleeves that are factory expanded and assembled onto a removable core. They are used to provide primary electrical insulation and physical protection for cable splices and connections rated up to 1000 volts. The insulators are made of EPDM rubber and are installed by removing the core, allowing the tube to shrink and form a waterproof seal around the cable or connection. They can be used for indoor, outdoor, overhead, buried, or submerged applications without additional heat or adhesives.
3M Cold Shrink Tubes Seal, Splice & Protect LV Power Cables
3M Cold Shrink Tube 8428-183M 8428-18 Cold Shrink Tube
Cold Shrink Tube Min Diameter 24.0mm
Cold Shrink Tube Max Diameter 49.3mm
Cold Shrink Tube Length 457mm
3M Cold Shrink Tube is a pre-stretched EPDM rubber tubing, factory expanded and assembled onto a removable core.
•Cold shrink provides a constant radial pressure seal
•No heat required with 3M Cold Shrink - 100% cold applied
•No specialist cable jointing or heat shrink tools required
•Quality - long term reliability
•Moisture resistant for submersible and outdoor applications
3M Cold Shrink Tubes are suitable for cable protection and moisture ingress protection - 3M Cold Shrink EPDM tubings are suitable as primary insulation on low voltage cables and cable splices up to 1000v AC. Cold shrink tubes provide electrical protection and moisture sealing for high-voltage, air-insulated connectors and cable lugs such as spacer cable and cable lug connections to bus bar. 3M cold shrink tubes also provide electrical insulation of secondary splices including copper or aluminium connectors.
Similar to 11kV Cable Box Terminations - Breaking Down & Remaking Compound Filled Cables & Terminating With 11kV Triplex Cables (20)
Isolation Procedures for Safe Working on Electrical Systems and Equipment by the JIB | solation Procedures for Safe Working on Electrical Systems and Equipment
This chart shows the safe isolation procedure that you should use when working on electrical systems and equipment.
You'll receive a printed copy of this from your Training Provider, but it's also here as a handy reference to keep electronically.
THE RULES OF SAFE ISOLATION ARE:
Obtain permission to start work (a Permit may be required in some situations)
Identify the source(s) of supply using an approved voltage indicator or test lamp
Prove that the approved voltage indicator or test lamp is functioning correctly
Isolate the supply(s)
Secure the isolation
Prove the system/equipment is DEAD using an approved voltage indicator or test lamp
Prove that the approved voltage indicator or test lamp is functioning correctly
Put up warning signs to tell other people that the electrical installation has been isolated
Once the system/equipment is proved DEAD, work can begin
Uploaded by THORNE & DERRICK LV HV Jointing, Earthing, Substation & Electrical Eqpt | Explosive Atmosphere Experts & ATEX IECEx.
Thorne & Derrick International are specialist distributors of low, medium, and high voltage cable installation, jointing, substation, and electrical equipment. They have over 30 years of experience and stock over 100,000 products from over 100 brands. Their product range includes cable joints, terminations, tools, accessories, distribution equipment, and safety products for voltages up to 132kV.
The document advertises the Children North East Annual Golf Day fundraising event to be held on May 9th, 2018 at Close House golf course in Northumberland. The event will include a shotgun start at 2pm for teams of four playing in a Stableford scoring competition. The £490 entry fee per team includes breakfast, a two course meal after play, and goodie bags. Proceeds will benefit Children North East, a charity supporting children in the Newcastle region.
This document provides information on 3M's electrical products, including electrical connectors, wire connectors, splice kits, wire markers, and protective coatings. It highlights key features and applications of 3M's Scotchlok electrical insulation displacement connectors, Performance Plus wire connectors, direct bury splice kits, ScotchCode wire markers, insulating and anti-corrosion sprays, and Scotchkote electrical coating. The document is intended to showcase 3M's quality solutions for electrical connections, identification, and corrosion protection.
This document provides a catalogue of products from SICAME GROUP for electrical safety. It begins by emphasizing the importance of electrical safety for professionals working in the electrical industry. The catalogue then outlines the company's commitment to supporting customers through new products designed by their teams, an updated catalogue focusing on product functions and uses, and new educational tools like guidance documents. The bulk of the document consists of the catalogue content organized into sections covering personal protective equipment, locking, signaling, low voltage test and measurement, low voltage earthing systems, low voltage live working tools, medium voltage substation equipment, medium voltage equipment, high voltage lines and switchgear equipment, and earthing connections. Each section lists and provides brief descriptions of the various safety products
1) The document provides installation instructions for heatshrink termination of 3 core polymeric cables with voltages ranging from 7.2kV to 36kV. It describes the steps for preparing the cable, installing stress control tapes and tubes, cable lugs, and rain sheds.
2) Key steps include removing the cable sheath and screens, applying stress control tape, installing cable lugs and boots, and shrinking tubes onto the assembly. Proper distances must be maintained for phase clearance and bending radii.
3) Outdoor terminations require additional rain sheds installed from the bottom up at specified distances between the anti-track tube and shed edges. Indoor distances between phases and grounds are also outlined.
THORNE & DERRICK based in the UK are international distributors of LV, MV & HV Cable Installation, Jointing, Substation & Electrical Equipment.
Since 1985, T&D have established an international reputation based on SERVICE | INTEGRITY | TRUST.
Contact us for 3M, ABB, Alroc, AN Wallis, CATU, Cembre, Centriforce, CMP, CSD, Elastimold, Ellis Patents, Emtelle, Euromold, Filoform , Furse, Lucy Electric & Zodion, Nexans, Pfisterer, Polypipe, Prysmian, Roxtec, Sicame, WT Henley.
The document provides technical specifications for EJB series explosion proof enclosures made of galvanized carbon steel. The enclosures have an IP rating of IP65, IP66, or IP67 and an operating temperature range of -50°C to +60°C. They offer explosion protection of Ex d IIB or IIB+H2 and are suitable for indoor and outdoor use in hazardous industrial areas. The enclosures can house various electrical and electronic components and accessories.
This certificate of attendance awards Adam Rowe and Michael Wenglorz for successfully completing a SIL (Safety Integrity Level) training seminar held by PEPPERL+FUCHS GB LTD on November 7th, 2016.
Thorne & Derrick were established in 1985 and are now one of the largest specialist distributors and worldwide exporters of equipment for explosive atmospheres. They stock over 100,000 products from over 100 brands for industries such as oil & gas, mining, manufacturing, and more. Thorne & Derrick provide hazardous area lighting, heating, sensors, detectors, valves, cables, and other equipment certified for explosive atmospheres. They also offer technical support, international delivery, and over 30 years of experience in serving hazardous area applications.
This document is an application datasheet for flow measurement devices. It requests contact and process information from customers. It asks for details about the application environment and pipe parameters. It also requests information on process parameters like temperature, pressure, and flow rates. Finally, it inquires about desired measurement configuration including units of measurement, data logging, power supply, and electrical and communication interfaces.
This document provides information on Emtelle fibre optic cables, including:
- An overview of Emtelle as a leading global manufacturer of blown fibre and ducted network solutions.
- Descriptions of different cable types including Direct Install, Direct Buried, Aerial, and more.
- Specifications for various cable models including fibre count options, dimensions, tensile strength and other test standards.
Thorne & Derrick provide electrical heating solutions for industrial and hazardous area applications. They have over 30 years of experience in process heating and specialize in frost protection and winterization packages. They offer a wide range of electrical heating equipment for hazardous areas, including portable air heaters certified for use in explosive atmospheres. Their product range and engineering expertise help customers solve heating challenges across various industries.
The document provides information on tools for preparing electric utility distribution and transmission cables. It includes tools for stripping insulation from secondary distribution cables, mid-span stripping of overhead primary distribution cables, insulation stripping and jacket stripping for underground cables, removing insulation shields from underground and transmission cables, pencilling transmission cables, and other specialty distribution tools. Tables provide part numbers and specifications for various cable end strippers and other tools to prepare different cable types.
The document describes the RIDGID micro CD-100 combustible gas leak detector. It can quickly identify the presence of combustible gases with a flexible 41 cm probe. It is designed to detect gases like methane, propane, and more. The micro CD-100 has adjustable sensitivity settings and Tri-Mode Detection that provides alerts through visual, audible or vibration signals. It is listed as catalog number 36163 and weighs 0.45 kg.
Itron is a leading technology company dedicated to measuring, managing, and analyzing energy and water resources. It provides comprehensive solutions including meters, communication systems, software, and consulting services to over 8,000 customers in more than 100 countries. Itron employs thousands of people globally and invests over 8.5% of its $1.9 billion annual revenue in research and development.
The FiloSeal+HD is a duct sealing system that uses hexagonal tubes and a flexible silicon-based sealant to seal cable configurations and pipes within conduits. It provides resistance to up to 2 bars of pressure and can withstand pulling forces of 100kg on sealed cables. The sealant is easily applied and cures with air, providing high levels of gas and water tightness. The system allows for easy addition or removal of cables or pipes as needed.
Main news related to the CCS TSI 2023 (2023/1695)Jakub Marek
An English 🇬🇧 translation of a presentation to the speech I gave about the main changes brought by CCS TSI 2023 at the biggest Czech conference on Communications and signalling systems on Railways, which was held in Clarion Hotel Olomouc from 7th to 9th November 2023 (konferenceszt.cz). Attended by around 500 participants and 200 on-line followers.
The original Czech 🇨🇿 version of the presentation can be found here: https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/hlavni-novinky-souvisejici-s-ccs-tsi-2023-2023-1695/269688092 .
The videorecording (in Czech) from the presentation is available here: https://youtu.be/WzjJWm4IyPk?si=SImb06tuXGb30BEH .
Digital Marketing Trends in 2024 | Guide for Staying AheadWask
https://www.wask.co/ebooks/digital-marketing-trends-in-2024
Feeling lost in the digital marketing whirlwind of 2024? Technology is changing, consumer habits are evolving, and staying ahead of the curve feels like a never-ending pursuit. This e-book is your compass. Dive into actionable insights to handle the complexities of modern marketing. From hyper-personalization to the power of user-generated content, learn how to build long-term relationships with your audience and unlock the secrets to success in the ever-shifting digital landscape.
FREE A4 Cyber Security Awareness Posters-Social Engineering part 3Data Hops
Free A4 downloadable and printable Cyber Security, Social Engineering Safety and security Training Posters . Promote security awareness in the home or workplace. Lock them Out From training providers datahops.com
Best 20 SEO Techniques To Improve Website Visibility In SERPPixlogix Infotech
Boost your website's visibility with proven SEO techniques! Our latest blog dives into essential strategies to enhance your online presence, increase traffic, and rank higher on search engines. From keyword optimization to quality content creation, learn how to make your site stand out in the crowded digital landscape. Discover actionable tips and expert insights to elevate your SEO game.
This presentation provides valuable insights into effective cost-saving techniques on AWS. Learn how to optimize your AWS resources by rightsizing, increasing elasticity, picking the right storage class, and choosing the best pricing model. Additionally, discover essential governance mechanisms to ensure continuous cost efficiency. Whether you are new to AWS or an experienced user, this presentation provides clear and practical tips to help you reduce your cloud costs and get the most out of your budget.
In the realm of cybersecurity, offensive security practices act as a critical shield. By simulating real-world attacks in a controlled environment, these techniques expose vulnerabilities before malicious actors can exploit them. This proactive approach allows manufacturers to identify and fix weaknesses, significantly enhancing system security.
This presentation delves into the development of a system designed to mimic Galileo's Open Service signal using software-defined radio (SDR) technology. We'll begin with a foundational overview of both Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and the intricacies of digital signal processing.
The presentation culminates in a live demonstration. We'll showcase the manipulation of Galileo's Open Service pilot signal, simulating an attack on various software and hardware systems. This practical demonstration serves to highlight the potential consequences of unaddressed vulnerabilities, emphasizing the importance of offensive security practices in safeguarding critical infrastructure.
Trusted Execution Environment for Decentralized Process MiningLucaBarbaro3
Presentation of the paper "Trusted Execution Environment for Decentralized Process Mining" given during the CAiSE 2024 Conference in Cyprus on June 7, 2024.
leewayhertz.com-AI in predictive maintenance Use cases technologies benefits ...alexjohnson7307
Predictive maintenance is a proactive approach that anticipates equipment failures before they happen. At the forefront of this innovative strategy is Artificial Intelligence (AI), which brings unprecedented precision and efficiency. AI in predictive maintenance is transforming industries by reducing downtime, minimizing costs, and enhancing productivity.
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracyTomaz Bratanic
GraphRAG for life science domain, where you retriever information from biomedical knowledge graphs using LLMs to increase the accuracy and performance of generated answers
How to Interpret Trends in the Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart.pdfChart Kalyan
A Mix Chart displays historical data of numbers in a graphical or tabular form. The Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart specifically shows the results of a sequence of numbers over different periods.
Digital Banking in the Cloud: How Citizens Bank Unlocked Their MainframePrecisely
Inconsistent user experience and siloed data, high costs, and changing customer expectations – Citizens Bank was experiencing these challenges while it was attempting to deliver a superior digital banking experience for its clients. Its core banking applications run on the mainframe and Citizens was using legacy utilities to get the critical mainframe data to feed customer-facing channels, like call centers, web, and mobile. Ultimately, this led to higher operating costs (MIPS), delayed response times, and longer time to market.
Ever-changing customer expectations demand more modern digital experiences, and the bank needed to find a solution that could provide real-time data to its customer channels with low latency and operating costs. Join this session to learn how Citizens is leveraging Precisely to replicate mainframe data to its customer channels and deliver on their “modern digital bank” experiences.