The document discusses the trigeminal nerve (CN V), which is a mixed nerve that provides sensory innervation to the face and motor innervation to the muscles of mastication. It describes the anatomy and branches of the trigeminal nerve, including its three divisions - ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular nerves. Key points include that the trigeminal ganglion contains the cell bodies of the sensory fibers, and the trigeminal nerve exits the skull through the trigeminal cave and foramen ovale.

1. Dr.REVATHY MOHAN
Lecturer
Malabar Dental College & Research Centre

2.  Fifth cranial nerve
 Mixed nerve
 Sensory – meninges
- skin of anterior part of head ,nasal &
oral cavities
-oral cavity (except of pharynx &base of
tongue
 Motor -musles of mastication
-mylohyoid
-anterior belly of diagastric
-tensor tympani
tensor veli palatini

3.  Sensory nuclei
from trigeminal
ganglion
3 groups:
- chief/principal
sensory nucleus
- spinal nucleus
-mesencephalic
nucleus
 Motor nucleus
lies in pons
medial to chief
sensory nucleus

4.  Trigeminal nerve is attatched to ventral aspect of
pons by two roots,a large sensory and a small motor
root
 Motor root lies ventromedial to the sensory root
 Pass forward in posterior cranial fossa towards apex
of petrous temporal bone
 Two root invaginates dura of posterior cranial fossa
below superior petrosal sinus forming trigeminal cave
 In this cave sensory root joins trigeminal ganglion
 Motor root lies deep to ganglion and doesn’t join
it,instead passes out join mandibular nerve just at its
emergence from cranial caity in foramen ovale

6.  Semilunar shape
 Location – Meckel’s cavity on anterior surface
of petrous temporal bone
 Psuedounipolar neurons
 Relations;
lateral-middle meningeal artery
medial – internal carotid artery ,cavernous
sinus
inferior –foramen lacerum,greater
petrosal nerve,motor root of trigeminal
superior- parahippocampal gyrus

8. OPHTHALMIC
MAXILLARY
MANDIBULAR

10.  First branch
 Purely sensory,smallest
 Supply
eyeball
conjunctiva
lacrimal gland
parts of mucous membrane of
nose &paranasal air sinuses
skin of forehead,eyelids,and nose
 Branches :
frontal
nasociliary
lacrimal

12.  FRONTAL
- largest branch
- passes through supra orbital superior orbital
fissure ,passes forwards above levator palpebrae
superioris
supra orbital
2
supra trochlear
Supraorbital -upper eyelid, scalp as far as
parietal bone,lambdoidal suture
Supra trochlear -conjunctiva,skin of medial aspect of
upper eyelid, skin over lower and mesial aspects of
forehead

13.  NASOCILIARY
anterior ethmoidal
2
external nasal
Anterior ethmoidal : along with posterior ethmoidal
supplies upper part of nasal cavity ,sphenoid &
ethmoidal sinus
External nasal : skin over apex and tip of nose
 LACRIMAL
supplies lacrimal gland & small area of
adjacent skin & conjunctiva

14.  Purely sensory
 From first pharyngeal arch
 Leaves cranium through foramen rotundum
 Gives off branches in 4 regions
within the cranium
in pterygopalatine fossa
in infraorbital canal
on the face

16.  WITHIN THE CRANIUM
small branch – middle meningeal nerve
sensory innervation to dura mater
 IN PTERYGOPALATINE FOSSA
zygomatic nerve
pterygopalatine nerves
posterior superior alveolar nerves

18.  ZYGOMATIC NERVE
zygomaticotemporal
zygomaticofacial
Zygomaticotemporal – skin on side of forehead
Zygomaticofacial – skin over prominence of
cheek
 PTERYGOPALATINE NERVES
orbital
nasal
palatine
pharyngeal

19.  Orbital – periosteum of orbit
 Nasal – mucous membranes of superior & middle
conchae,lining of posterior ethmoidal sinus,& posterior portion
of nasal septum
nasopalatine nerve – palatal mucosa in region of premaxilla
posterior superior lateral nasal – posterosuperior quadrant
of lateral wall of nose
 Palatine
greater palatine
lesser palatine
greater palatine – hard palate except incisor gingiva, some
parts of soft palate
lesser palatine – soft palate
 Pharyngeal – mucous membrane of nasopharynx,posterior to
auditory tube

21.  POSTEROSUPERIOR ALVEOLAR NERVES
- sensory innervation to alveoli,
periodontal ligaments ,, pulpal tissues of
maxillary molars except mesiobuccal root of
first molar

22.  IN INFRAORBITAL CANAL
middle superior alveolar nerve
anterior superior alveolar nerve
Middle superior alveolar nerve – mucosa of maxillary
sinus , premolars, mesiobuccal root of first molar ,
periodontal tissues, buccal bone , buccal gingiva
Anterior superior alveolar nerve – pulpal innervtion to
central &lateral incisors & canine,periodontal
tissues,buccal bone & mucous membrane
forms dental plexus
dental nerves
interdental branches
interradicular branches

23.  Dental nerves – pulpal innervation of all teeth
 Interdental branches – interdental pappillae &
buccal gingiva
 Interradicular branches – periodontal
ligaments of adjacent roots

24.  ON FACE
inferior palpebral
external nasal
superior labial
 Inferior palpebral – skin of lower eyelid
 External nasal – skin on lateral aspect of nose
 Superior labial – skin & mucous membrane of
upper lip

25.  Largest branch of trigeminal
 Mixed nerve
 Sensory root-
a)skin – temporal region
auricula
external auditory meatus
cheek
lower lip
chin region
b)mucous membrane – cheek
anterior 2/3rd of tongue
mastoid cells
mandibular teeth
bone of mandible
tmj
parotid gland

26.  Motor root
masticatory muscles
mylohyoid
anterior belly of diagastric
tensor tympani
tensor veli palatani
 BRANCHES
at 3 areas :
branches from undivided nerve
branches from anterior division
branches from posterior division

29.  UNDIVIDED NERVE
nervous spinosus
nerve to medial pterygoid muscle
Nervous spinosous – dura mater& mastoid cells
Nerve to medial pterygoid – tensor veli palatini& tensor
tympani
 ANTERIOR DIVISION
motor – muscles of mastication
sensory – mucous membrane of cheek,buccal
mucous membrane of mandibular molars
branches – nerve to lateral pterygoid
nerve to masseter
nerve to temporal
buccal nerve

30.  POSTERIOR DIVISION
auriculotemporal nerve
lingual nerve
mylohyoid nerve
inferior alveolar nerve

31.  Auriculotemporal nerve
communicates with facial nerve , otic
ganglion
anterior auricular branches – skin over
helix & tragus of ear
branches to external auditory meatus
articular branches to posterior portion of
temporomandibular joint
superficial temporal branches over
temporal region

32.  Lingual nerve
sensory tract to anterior two third of tongue
general sensation + gustatory
 Mylohyoid nerve
mixed nerve
motor – mylohyoid , anterior belly of diagastric
sensory – skin on inferior and anterior surface of
mental protruberance,rarely to mandibular incisors
&mesial root of mandibular first molar
 Inferior alveolar nerve
largest branch of mandibular division
incisive
mental – skin of chin ,mucous membrane of
lower lip